ES(Elasticsearch)的时间映射

1.自动映射

如果index在创建时,未手动定义schema,而是靠put进第一条数据时自动识别的, 那么识别规则如下:

1.1 text/long/float的识别

• "title": "Elasticsearch In Action"->text
• "age": 20 -> long
• "rating": 50.40 -> float

1.2 date的识别

1.2.1 识别为常规date(ISO8601)

• "release_time1": "2025-10-21" -> date

• "release_time2": "2025-10-21T09:30:49" -> date

  "release_time" : {
    "type" : "date"
  }

  注意: 此时生成的mapping, 再后续只能插入"2025-10-21"和"2025-10-21T09:30:49"形式的日期;如果是"2025/10/21"/"2025/10/21 09:30:49"/1420070400002这种的, 插入会报错!

1.2.2 识别为带format的date

• "release_time3": "2025/10/21" -> date

• "release_time4": "2025/10/21 09:30:49" -> date

  "release_time" : {
  "type" : "date",
  "format" : "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy/MM/dd||epoch_millis"
  }

  注意: 此时生成的mapping, 再后续只能插入"2025/10/21"/"2025/10/21 09:30:49"/1420070400002 形式的日期;如果是"2025-10-21"和"2025-10-21T09:30:49"这种的, 插入会报错!
  1420070400002这个是epoch_millis毫秒数, 第一次插入不能用它(会识别为long), 但是已经被识别为"yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy/MM/dd||epoch_millis"的话, 后续的插入数据, 可以识别为date类型!

2.手动设置

可以自定义format多个

2.1 声明所有常用格式

PUT test004
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "release_time": {
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd||yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy/MM/dd||epoch_millis"
      },
      "age": {
        "type": "byte"
      }
    }
  }
}

2.2 插入数据:所有格式

PUT /test004/_doc/1
{
  "title": "the title 1",
  "release_time": "2025-10-21",
  "age": "20"
}
PUT /test004/_doc/2
{
  "title": "the title 2",
  "release_time": "2025-10-21T09:45:32",
  "age": "32"
}
PUT /test004/_doc/3
{
  "title": "the title 3",
  "release_time": "2025-10-21 09:44:02",
  "age": 32
}
PUT /test004/_doc/4
{
  "title": "the title 4",
  "release_time": "2025/10/21 09:45:00",
  "age": 22
}

PUT /test004/_doc/5
{
  "title": "the title 5",
  "release_time": "2025/10/21",
  "age": 22
}

PUT /test004/_doc/6
{
  "title": "the title 6",
  "release_time": 1761011360613,
  "age": 22
}

2.3 甚至包括字符串格式的epoch_millis

PUT /test004/_doc/7
{
  "title": "the title 7",
  "release_time": "1761011360613",
  "age": 23
}

2.4 查询过滤(没问题)

GET test004/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "release_time": {
        "gte": "2025-10-21 09:44:02"
      }
    }
  }
}

就是这样, 上面的例子在es7.17.29 es8.15.5实践过, 都没问题