使用 Java 通过数据库连接（JDBC）访问和操作 Oracle 自定义类型.
大致就是这个网页中说的. https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E1...

Oracle中支持在数据库中定义数据格式.(嵌套数据格式)
在JAVA中调用时,传入相应格式的数据即可.
找了下没找到对应资料,记录下.
只是找到了一种简单的可行方案,因为有人专门写PLSQL来处理逻辑,所以将逻辑全部放在数据库中处理,JAVA这边弄点简单代码传数据就行.

CREATE TYPE TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR AS OBJECT
            (ADDRESS VARCHAR2(240),ADDRESS_ID NUMBER);
            
CREATE TYPE TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR_L AS TABLE OF TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR;
 
CREATE TYPE TDC_SUPPLIER AS OBJECT
            (NAME VARCHAR2(50),SUPPLIER_ID NUMBER, ADDR TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR_L);
            
CREATE TABLE TDC_TEST (
TEXT VARCHAR2(2000));
 
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE TDC_TEST_PKG IS
 
  PROCEDURE CREATE_SUPPLIER (
    SUP_OBJ IN TDC_SUPPLIER);
END TDC_TEST_PKG;
 
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY TDC_TEST_PKG IS
 
  PROCEDURE CREATE_SUPPLIER (
    SUP_OBJ IN TDC_SUPPLIER) IS 
    
    
  BEGIN
    INSERT INTO TDC_TEST VALUES (SUP_OBJ.NAME);
    
    COMMIT;
  END CREATE_SUPPLIER;
END TDC_TEST_PKG;

上面的SQL是个简单的例子.
声明了一个数据类型TDC_SUPPLIER, 在 call CREATE_SUPPLIER 时需要传入TDC_SUPPLIER类型数据作为参数.
其中将TDC_SUPPLIER转换为json,大致是下面的格式

{
"NAME":"",
"SUPPLIER_ID":0,
"ADDR": [
  {
    "ADDRESS": "",
    "ADDRESS_ID": 0
  },
  {
    "ADDRESS": "",
    "ADDRESS_ID": 0
  }
]
}

其中定义了一个TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR数据类型.里面有ADDRESS和ADDRESS_ID属性.
定义了一个TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR_L数组,里面包含多项TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR
在将TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR_L作为TDC_SUPPLIER的一个属性.

参考该链接实现代码

package com.hktdc.po.api.approval.test;

import oracle.sql.STRUCT;
import oracle.sql.StructDescriptor;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class Test2 {

    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Test1.class);

    public static void main(String[] args)
            throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        DriverManager.registerDriver(new oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver());
        // 打开数据库连接
        String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@//127.0.0.1:1521/DB";
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "apps", "apps");
        conn.setAutoCommit(false);

        // StructDescriptor.createDescriptor 表示要在JAVA中创建与数据库对应的对象.第一个参数是数据库中的类型名称
        StructDescriptor addDesc = StructDescriptor.createDescriptor("TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR", conn);
        /*
        通过 new STRUCT 方法,将JAVA 中的参数转换为数据库中的对象.
        第一个参数为数据库类型名称对象
        第二个参数为数据库连接
        第三个参数为object数组,表示对象中的值.注意:对象中值的类型,应该与数据库中对应参数类型一致.
         */
        Object[] addArr = {"南山区", 10001};
        STRUCT addRecord = new STRUCT(addDesc, conn, addArr);
        Object[] addArr2 = {"龙岗区", 10001};
        STRUCT addRecord2 = new STRUCT(addDesc, conn, addArr2);

        /*
        构建嵌套对象.
        StructDescriptor 只需要定义数据库中 CREATE TYPE ** AS OBJECT 的类型即可.
        TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR_L 在数据库中代表多个 TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR,不需要在JAVA中定义,只需要将多个 TDC_SUPPLIER_ADDR 转换成 Object 数组即可
         */
        StructDescriptor supDesc = StructDescriptor.createDescriptor("TDC_SUPPLIER", conn);
        Object[] addLData = {addRecord, addRecord2};
        Object[] data = {"张三", 302, addLData};
        STRUCT supplier = new STRUCT(supDesc, conn, data);

        // 创建一个调用语句
        CallableStatement stmt = conn.prepareCall("{ call TDC_TEST_PKG.CREATE_SUPPLIER(?) }");

        // 绑定输入记录,设置第一个 ? 代表的参数
        stmt.setObject(1, supplier);
        // 执行SQL
        stmt.execute();

    }
}

使用office提供的在线预览功能
https://view.officeapps.live....
src后面接你需要预览的文件下载地址.
如果不能实现预览功能,提示报错

请检查http返回的Content-Type是否正确

当从浏览器返回一个文件时,需要指定ContentType,以下是Office2007对应的值:
"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template" (for .dotx files)
"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation" (for .pptx files)
"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow" (for .ppsx files)
"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template" (for .potx files)
"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet" (for .xlsx files)
"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template" (for .xltx files)

参考链接:

https://www.cnblogs.com/huang...
office在线预览文档: https://products.office.com/z...
office文件对应的contentType: https://www.cnblogs.com/diony...

bug解决记录:

原来网站中有个需要,是下载Excel.
最开始实现的时候,是使用jsreport来实现,但是该服务收费,并且由于功能太强大了,学习成本高.

因为我们只是想要下载Excel,后面就找了Excel.js这个库来实现.

下载Excel是没问题,生成文件流以后,,直接返回steam,有一天,领导说,需要在线预览Excel😨
考虑过几种方案,

1. 自己实现解析Excel,直接以表格的样式返回HTML
2. 找第三方js库,来实现Excel预览,
3. 其他(尽可能少改动现有代码)

在找其他方案的时候,发现,其他Microsoft Office365提供了在线预览的功能,只需要
https://view.officeapps.live....
src后面跟上Excel的下载地址就行.

但是测试了一下,发现并不能成功.因为我们服务器上通过接口下载Excel的URL拼接在上面src后面,不能预览,会报错.

但是,如果是访问静态资源目录,拼接在src后面,是可以的.
比如: http://a.com/excel.xlsx 可以在线预览
https://a.com/download/report... 不能在线预览
我就怀疑是response Header设置问题,但是,不清楚具体是哪个配置项.

最开始以为是https的问题,但是测试后发现,与https无关,https和http协议都能在线预览
也考虑过是不是URL上没用后缀,导致office无法识别该文件是什么类型,但是下载保存的时候,会自动识别出对应的文件后缀名,所以就肯定不是URL上没有后缀名导致的问题.
服务器后端使用的是Node.js,框架用的是express,如果将Excel放置在静态资源文件目录下,是能正常预览.
如果是将文件放在静态资源文件夹下访问,等同于调用express中的res.sendFile(filePath)方法.
我们的接口中,使用

res.set({
    'Content-Disposition': 'Attachment; filename="report.xlsx'
});

来设置response的header,保证用户下载文件后存储到本地时默认是Excel后缀.

好,因为基础知识不牢,只能去查看express的源码中sendFile()方法有什么奥秘了
node_modules/express/lib/response.js

res.sendFile = function sendFile(path, options, callback) {
  var done = callback;
  var req = this.req;
  var res = this;
  var next = req.next;
  var opts = options || {};

  if (!path) {
    throw new TypeError('path argument is required to res.sendFile');
  }

  // support function as second arg
  if (typeof options === 'function') {
    done = options;
    opts = {};
  }

  if (!opts.root && !isAbsolute(path)) {
    throw new TypeError('path must be absolute or specify root to res.sendFile');
  }

  // create file stream
  var pathname = encodeURI(path);
  var file = send(req, pathname, opts);

  // transfer
  sendfile(res, file, opts, function (err) {
    if (done) return done(err);
    if (err && err.code === 'EISDIR') return next();

    // next() all but write errors
    if (err && err.code !== 'ECONNABORTED' && err.syscall !== 'write') {
      next(err);
    }
  });
};

可以看到,实际上sendFile调用的是node_modules/send/index.js方法,
在看send模块中的代码,发现

var mime = require('mime')

SendStream.prototype.type = function type (path) {
  var res = this.res

  if (res.getHeader('Content-Type')) return

  var type = mime.lookup(path)

  if (!type) {
    debug('no content-type')
    return
  }

  var charset = mime.charsets.lookup(type)

  debug('content-type %s', type)
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', type + (charset ? '; charset=' + charset : ''))
}

express在发送文件时,会调用上述代码,根据后缀名来获取Content-Type.
在查看mime的源码,会发现在mime中,require了一个type.json,而type.json就是各种后缀名对应的content-type

因为我们原来的代码中,只设置了Content-Disposition,代表该请求返回的是一个文件.
但是office365实际上是通过Content-Type来获取,当前需要预览的是什么类型的文件(word,ppt,Excel),所以,需要设置对应的Content-Type才能正确实现预览功能

mime库中type.json中后缀名对应的ContentType,可以用来做速查表

{
  "application/andrew-inset": [
    "ez"
  ],
  "application/applixware": [
    "aw"
  ],
  "application/atom+xml": [
    "atom"
  ],
  "application/atomcat+xml": [
    "atomcat"
  ],
  "application/atomsvc+xml": [
    "atomsvc"
  ],
  "application/bdoc": [
    "bdoc"
  ],
  "application/ccxml+xml": [
    "ccxml"
  ],
  "application/cdmi-capability": [
    "cdmia"
  ],
  "application/cdmi-container": [
    "cdmic"
  ],
  "application/cdmi-domain": [
    "cdmid"
  ],
  "application/cdmi-object": [
    "cdmio"
  ],
  "application/cdmi-queue": [
    "cdmiq"
  ],
  "application/cu-seeme": [
    "cu"
  ],
  "application/dash+xml": [
    "mpd"
  ],
  "application/davmount+xml": [
    "davmount"
  ],
  "application/docbook+xml": [
    "dbk"
  ],
  "application/dssc+der": [
    "dssc"
  ],
  "application/dssc+xml": [
    "xdssc"
  ],
  "application/ecmascript": [
    "ecma"
  ],
  "application/emma+xml": [
    "emma"
  ],
  "application/epub+zip": [
    "epub"
  ],
  "application/exi": [
    "exi"
  ],
  "application/font-tdpfr": [
    "pfr"
  ],
  "application/font-woff": [
    "woff"
  ],
  "application/font-woff2": [
    "woff2"
  ],
  "application/geo+json": [
    "geojson"
  ],
  "application/gml+xml": [
    "gml"
  ],
  "application/gpx+xml": [
    "gpx"
  ],
  "application/gxf": [
    "gxf"
  ],
  "application/gzip": [
    "gz"
  ],
  "application/hyperstudio": [
    "stk"
  ],
  "application/inkml+xml": [
    "ink",
    "inkml"
  ],
  "application/ipfix": [
    "ipfix"
  ],
  "application/java-archive": [
    "jar",
    "war",
    "ear"
  ],
  "application/java-serialized-object": [
    "ser"
  ],
  "application/java-vm": [
    "class"
  ],
  "application/javascript": [
    "js",
    "mjs"
  ],
  "application/json": [
    "json",
    "map"
  ],
  "application/json5": [
    "json5"
  ],
  "application/jsonml+json": [
    "jsonml"
  ],
  "application/ld+json": [
    "jsonld"
  ],
  "application/lost+xml": [
    "lostxml"
  ],
  "application/mac-binhex40": [
    "hqx"
  ],
  "application/mac-compactpro": [
    "cpt"
  ],
  "application/mads+xml": [
    "mads"
  ],
  "application/manifest+json": [
    "webmanifest"
  ],
  "application/marc": [
    "mrc"
  ],
  "application/marcxml+xml": [
    "mrcx"
  ],
  "application/mathematica": [
    "ma",
    "nb",
    "mb"
  ],
  "application/mathml+xml": [
    "mathml"
  ],
  "application/mbox": [
    "mbox"
  ],
  "application/mediaservercontrol+xml": [
    "mscml"
  ],
  "application/metalink+xml": [
    "metalink"
  ],
  "application/metalink4+xml": [
    "meta4"
  ],
  "application/mets+xml": [
    "mets"
  ],
  "application/mods+xml": [
    "mods"
  ],
  "application/mp21": [
    "m21",
    "mp21"
  ],
  "application/mp4": [
    "mp4s",
    "m4p"
  ],
  "application/msword": [
    "doc",
    "dot"
  ],
  "application/mxf": [
    "mxf"
  ],
  "application/octet-stream": [
    "bin",
    "dms",
    "lrf",
    "mar",
    "so",
    "dist",
    "distz",
    "pkg",
    "bpk",
    "dump",
    "elc",
    "deploy",
    "exe",
    "dll",
    "deb",
    "dmg",
    "iso",
    "img",
    "msi",
    "msp",
    "msm",
    "buffer"
  ],
  "application/oda": [
    "oda"
  ],
  "application/oebps-package+xml": [
    "opf"
  ],
  "application/ogg": [
    "ogx"
  ],
  "application/omdoc+xml": [
    "omdoc"
  ],
  "application/onenote": [
    "onetoc",
    "onetoc2",
    "onetmp",
    "onepkg"
  ],
  "application/oxps": [
    "oxps"
  ],
  "application/patch-ops-error+xml": [
    "xer"
  ],
  "application/pdf": [
    "pdf"
  ],
  "application/pgp-encrypted": [
    "pgp"
  ],
  "application/pgp-signature": [
    "asc",
    "sig"
  ],
  "application/pics-rules": [
    "prf"
  ],
  "application/pkcs10": [
    "p10"
  ],
  "application/pkcs7-mime": [
    "p7m",
    "p7c"
  ],
  "application/pkcs7-signature": [
    "p7s"
  ],
  "application/pkcs8": [
    "p8"
  ],
  "application/pkix-attr-cert": [
    "ac"
  ],
  "application/pkix-cert": [
    "cer"
  ],
  "application/pkix-crl": [
    "crl"
  ],
  "application/pkix-pkipath": [
    "pkipath"
  ],
  "application/pkixcmp": [
    "pki"
  ],
  "application/pls+xml": [
    "pls"
  ],
  "application/postscript": [
    "ai",
    "eps",
    "ps"
  ],
  "application/prs.cww": [
    "cww"
  ],
  "application/pskc+xml": [
    "pskcxml"
  ],
  "application/rdf+xml": [
    "rdf"
  ],
  "application/reginfo+xml": [
    "rif"
  ],
  "application/relax-ng-compact-syntax": [
    "rnc"
  ],
  "application/resource-lists+xml": [
    "rl"
  ],
  "application/resource-lists-diff+xml": [
    "rld"
  ],
  "application/rls-services+xml": [
    "rs"
  ],
  "application/rpki-ghostbusters": [
    "gbr"
  ],
  "application/rpki-manifest": [
    "mft"
  ],
  "application/rpki-roa": [
    "roa"
  ],
  "application/rsd+xml": [
    "rsd"
  ],
  "application/rss+xml": [
    "rss"
  ],
  "application/rtf": [
    "rtf"
  ],
  "application/sbml+xml": [
    "sbml"
  ],
  "application/scvp-cv-request": [
    "scq"
  ],
  "application/scvp-cv-response": [
    "scs"
  ],
  "application/scvp-vp-request": [
    "spq"
  ],
  "application/scvp-vp-response": [
    "spp"
  ],
  "application/sdp": [
    "sdp"
  ],
  "application/set-payment-initiation": [
    "setpay"
  ],
  "application/set-registration-initiation": [
    "setreg"
  ],
  "application/shf+xml": [
    "shf"
  ],
  "application/smil+xml": [
    "smi",
    "smil"
  ],
  "application/sparql-query": [
    "rq"
  ],
  "application/sparql-results+xml": [
    "srx"
  ],
  "application/srgs": [
    "gram"
  ],
  "application/srgs+xml": [
    "grxml"
  ],
  "application/sru+xml": [
    "sru"
  ],
  "application/ssdl+xml": [
    "ssdl"
  ],
  "application/ssml+xml": [
    "ssml"
  ],
  "application/tei+xml": [
    "tei",
    "teicorpus"
  ],
  "application/thraud+xml": [
    "tfi"
  ],
  "application/timestamped-data": [
    "tsd"
  ],
  "application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-large": [
    "plb"
  ],
  "application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-small": [
    "psb"
  ],
  "application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-var": [
    "pvb"
  ],
  "application/vnd.3gpp2.tcap": [
    "tcap"
  ],
  "application/vnd.3m.post-it-notes": [
    "pwn"
  ],
  "application/vnd.accpac.simply.aso": [
    "aso"
  ],
  "application/vnd.accpac.simply.imp": [
    "imp"
  ],
  "application/vnd.acucobol": [
    "acu"
  ],
  "application/vnd.acucorp": [
    "atc",
    "acutc"
  ],
  "application/vnd.adobe.air-application-installer-package+zip": [
    "air"
  ],
  "application/vnd.adobe.formscentral.fcdt": [
    "fcdt"
  ],
  "application/vnd.adobe.fxp": [
    "fxp",
    "fxpl"
  ],
  "application/vnd.adobe.xdp+xml": [
    "xdp"
  ],
  "application/vnd.adobe.xfdf": [
    "xfdf"
  ],
  "application/vnd.ahead.space": [
    "ahead"
  ],
  "application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azf": [
    "azf"
  ],
  "application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azs": [
    "azs"
  ],
  "application/vnd.amazon.ebook": [
    "azw"
  ],
  "application/vnd.americandynamics.acc": [
    "acc"
  ],
  "application/vnd.amiga.ami": [
    "ami"
  ],
  "application/vnd.android.package-archive": [
    "apk"
  ],
  "application/vnd.anser-web-certificate-issue-initiation": [
    "cii"
  ],
  "application/vnd.anser-web-funds-transfer-initiation": [
    "fti"
  ],
  "application/vnd.antix.game-component": [
    "atx"
  ],
  "application/vnd.apple.installer+xml": [
    "mpkg"
  ],
  "application/vnd.apple.mpegurl": [
    "m3u8"
  ],
  "application/vnd.apple.pkpass": [
    "pkpass"
  ],
  "application/vnd.aristanetworks.swi": [
    "swi"
  ],
  "application/vnd.astraea-software.iota": [
    "iota"
  ],
  "application/vnd.audiograph": [
    "aep"
  ],
  "application/vnd.blueice.multipass": [
    "mpm"
  ],
  "application/vnd.bmi": [
    "bmi"
  ],
  "application/vnd.businessobjects": [
    "rep"
  ],
  "application/vnd.chemdraw+xml": [
    "cdxml"
  ],
  "application/vnd.chipnuts.karaoke-mmd": [
    "mmd"
  ],
  "application/vnd.cinderella": [
    "cdy"
  ],
  "application/vnd.claymore": [
    "cla"
  ],
  "application/vnd.cloanto.rp9": [
    "rp9"
  ],
  "application/vnd.clonk.c4group": [
    "c4g",
    "c4d",
    "c4f",
    "c4p",
    "c4u"
  ],
  "application/vnd.cluetrust.cartomobile-config": [
    "c11amc"
  ],
  "application/vnd.cluetrust.cartomobile-config-pkg": [
    "c11amz"
  ],
  "application/vnd.commonspace": [
    "csp"
  ],
  "application/vnd.contact.cmsg": [
    "cdbcmsg"
  ],
  "application/vnd.cosmocaller": [
    "cmc"
  ],
  "application/vnd.crick.clicker": [
    "clkx"
  ],
  "application/vnd.crick.clicker.keyboard": [
    "clkk"
  ],
  "application/vnd.crick.clicker.palette": [
    "clkp"
  ],
  "application/vnd.crick.clicker.template": [
    "clkt"
  ],
  "application/vnd.crick.clicker.wordbank": [
    "clkw"
  ],
  "application/vnd.criticaltools.wbs+xml": [
    "wbs"
  ],
  "application/vnd.ctc-posml": [
    "pml"
  ],
  "application/vnd.cups-ppd": [
    "ppd"
  ],
  "application/vnd.curl.car": [
    "car"
  ],
  "application/vnd.curl.pcurl": [
    "pcurl"
  ],
  "application/vnd.dart": [
    "dart"
  ],
  "application/vnd.data-vision.rdz": [
    "rdz"
  ],
  "application/vnd.dece.data": [
    "uvf",
    "uvvf",
    "uvd",
    "uvvd"
  ],
  "application/vnd.dece.ttml+xml": [
    "uvt",
    "uvvt"
  ],
  "application/vnd.dece.unspecified": [
    "uvx",
    "uvvx"
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  ],
  "text/x-java-source": [
    "java"
  ],
  "text/x-lua": [
    "lua"
  ],
  "text/x-markdown": [
    "mkd"
  ],
  "text/x-nfo": [
    "nfo"
  ],
  "text/x-opml": [
    "opml"
  ],
  "text/x-org": [
    "org"
  ],
  "text/x-pascal": [
    "p",
    "pas"
  ],
  "text/x-processing": [
    "pde"
  ],
  "text/x-sass": [
    "sass"
  ],
  "text/x-scss": [
    "scss"
  ],
  "text/x-setext": [
    "etx"
  ],
  "text/x-sfv": [
    "sfv"
  ],
  "text/x-suse-ymp": [
    "ymp"
  ],
  "text/x-uuencode": [
    "uu"
  ],
  "text/x-vcalendar": [
    "vcs"
  ],
  "text/x-vcard": [
    "vcf"
  ],
  "text/xml": [
    "xml"
  ],
  "text/yaml": [
    "yaml",
    "yml"
  ],
  "video/3gpp": [
    "3gp",
    "3gpp"
  ],
  "video/3gpp2": [
    "3g2"
  ],
  "video/h261": [
    "h261"
  ],
  "video/h263": [
    "h263"
  ],
  "video/h264": [
    "h264"
  ],
  "video/jpeg": [
    "jpgv"
  ],
  "video/jpm": [
    "jpm",
    "jpgm"
  ],
  "video/mj2": [
    "mj2",
    "mjp2"
  ],
  "video/mp2t": [
    "ts"
  ],
  "video/mp4": [
    "mp4",
    "mp4v",
    "mpg4"
  ],
  "video/mpeg": [
    "mpeg",
    "mpg",
    "mpe",
    "m1v",
    "m2v"
  ],
  "video/ogg": [
    "ogv"
  ],
  "video/quicktime": [
    "qt",
    "mov"
  ],
  "video/vnd.dece.hd": [
    "uvh",
    "uvvh"
  ],
  "video/vnd.dece.mobile": [
    "uvm",
    "uvvm"
  ],
  "video/vnd.dece.pd": [
    "uvp",
    "uvvp"
  ],
  "video/vnd.dece.sd": [
    "uvs",
    "uvvs"
  ],
  "video/vnd.dece.video": [
    "uvv",
    "uvvv"
  ],
  "video/vnd.dvb.file": [
    "dvb"
  ],
  "video/vnd.fvt": [
    "fvt"
  ],
  "video/vnd.mpegurl": [
    "mxu",
    "m4u"
  ],
  "video/vnd.ms-playready.media.pyv": [
    "pyv"
  ],
  "video/vnd.uvvu.mp4": [
    "uvu",
    "uvvu"
  ],
  "video/vnd.vivo": [
    "viv"
  ],
  "video/webm": [
    "webm"
  ],
  "video/x-f4v": [
    "f4v"
  ],
  "video/x-fli": [
    "fli"
  ],
  "video/x-flv": [
    "flv"
  ],
  "video/x-m4v": [
    "m4v"
  ],
  "video/x-matroska": [
    "mkv",
    "mk3d",
    "mks"
  ],
  "video/x-mng": [
    "mng"
  ],
  "video/x-ms-asf": [
    "asf",
    "asx"
  ],
  "video/x-ms-vob": [
    "vob"
  ],
  "video/x-ms-wm": [
    "wm"
  ],
  "video/x-ms-wmv": [
    "wmv"
  ],
  "video/x-ms-wmx": [
    "wmx"
  ],
  "video/x-ms-wvx": [
    "wvx"
  ],
  "video/x-msvideo": [
    "avi"
  ],
  "video/x-sgi-movie": [
    "movie"
  ],
  "video/x-smv": [
    "smv"
  ],
  "x-conference/x-cooltalk": [
    "ice"
  ]
}

首先需要在Mac上打开Charles,并启动代理,完成了一系列配置后,能正常监听流量了以后,再进行下面操作(配置电脑证书等).

PC端Charles设置,可以参考我另外一篇文章https://segmentfault.com/a/11...

监听iOS设备流量(信任https请求),安卓端与iOS类似,只不过安卓端下载证书后,需要去系统文件中打开证书安装并信任(IOS只有下载立即安装,如果下载完成没有安装,以后如果需要安装证书,只能重新下载)

1. 打开Charles帮助, 查看移动端证书安装提示
2. 按照提示设置IOS WIFI代理.(IOS设备与电脑需要处于同一网络).上图红圈标红的内容是,我电脑在局域网的内网IP,8888是我电脑设置的代理监听端口.
3. 如果有必要,修改步骤2红框中的端口
   Mac电脑Charles代理设置方式.
   
   上图中1是必选项,只有勾选了,才能启动代理.2是代理监听端口,默认8888
4. 配置iOS设置代理(需要与电脑处于同一WIFI),服务器和端口就是步骤2红框中的内容
   

5. 下载证书.
   在iOS上配置好WIFI代理后,使用Safari浏览器打开http://chls.pro/ssl ,浏览器会自动下载一个
   证书,安装即可.

   注意:只能用Safari浏览器打开才有用

   浏览器打开http://chls.pro/ssl 后的提示
   
   如果下载文件成功,点击允许,会跳转到该界面
   
   点击安装即可.安装成功会如下图所示
   

6. 如果安装成功,在设置--> 通用 --> 描述文件 中会新增一个Charles Proxy的描述文件.
   前往 设置--> 通用 --> 关于本机--> 证书信任设置 里,将刚刚新增的Charles证书设置为启用状态,
   设置为启用后,应该如下图所示(开关选项会显示为绿色)
   
7. 完成上面的步骤,iOS上的Charles代理https证书就设置完成啦.打开浏览器,随便打开个https网页,电脑端的记录就会显示详细内容了,而不会显示问号

疑难杂症:

1. 问: 如果你移动端配置好以后,还是无法监听https流量
   答: 请你先确定,你是否能够监听移动端的http流量,如果http流量都无法监听,那么是你电脑Charles设置问题,与移动设备无关
2. 问: iOS设备用浏览器打开http://chls.pro/ssl 后,手机没有弹出允许的窗口,而是直接让你保存下载文件,或者打开后无反应.
   答: 请先确认你手机电脑是否使用到是同一WIFI,并且保证你iOS中WIFI设置的代理是步骤2中的 >IP+端口.
   然后,再使用移动设备默认浏览器打开,iOS必须要用Safari浏览器打开
   如果你是使用Mac电脑,那么,你还需要检查你的电脑中是否安装有Charles证书,并且设置为始终信任.
   下图是我电脑的钥匙串系统证书列表
   

前端面试常见问题：

http method

• HTTP1.0定义了三种请求方法： GET、POST 和 HEAD
• HTTP1.1新增了五种请求方法：OPTIONS、PUT、PATCH、DELETE、TRACE 、 CONNECT

http status code

2开头 （请求成功）表示成功处理了请求的状态代码。

200   （成功）  服务器已成功处理了请求。 通常，这表示服务器提供了请求的网页。 
201   （已创建）  请求成功并且服务器创建了新的资源。 
202   （已接受）  服务器已接受请求，但尚未处理。 
203   （非授权信息）  服务器已成功处理了请求，但返回的信息可能来自另一来源。 
204   （无内容）  服务器成功处理了请求，但没有返回任何内容。 
205   （重置内容） 服务器成功处理了请求，但没有返回任何内容。
206   （部分内容）  服务器成功处理了部分 GET 请求。

3开头 （请求被重定向）表示要完成请求，需要进一步操作。 通常，这些状态代码用来重定向。

300   （多种选择）  针对请求，服务器可执行多种操作。 服务器可根据请求者 (user agent) 选择一项操作，或提供操作列表供请求者选择。 
301   （永久移动）  请求的网页已永久移动到新位置。 服务器返回此响应（对 GET 或 HEAD 请求的响应）时，会自动将请求者转到新位置。
302   （临时移动）  服务器目前从不同位置的网页响应请求，但请求者应继续使用原有位置来进行以后的请求。
303   （查看其他位置） 请求者应当对不同的位置使用单独的 GET 请求来检索响应时，服务器返回此代码。
304   （未修改） 自从上次请求后，请求的网页未修改过。 服务器返回此响应时，不会返回网页内容。 
305   （使用代理） 请求者只能使用代理访问请求的网页。 如果服务器返回此响应，还表示请求者应使用代理。 
307   （临时重定向）  服务器目前从不同位置的网页响应请求，但请求者应继续使用原有位置来进行以后的请求。

4开头 （请求错误）这些状态代码表示请求可能出错，妨碍了服务器的处理。

400   （错误请求） 服务器不理解请求的语法。 
401   （未授权） 请求要求身份验证。 对于需要登录的网页，服务器可能返回此响应。 
403   （禁止） 服务器拒绝请求。
404   （未找到） 服务器找不到请求的网页。
405   （方法禁用） 禁用请求中指定的方法。 
406   （不接受） 无法使用请求的内容特性响应请求的网页。 
407   （需要代理授权） 此状态代码与 401（未授权）类似，但指定请求者应当授权使用代理。
408   （请求超时）  服务器等候请求时发生超时。 
409   （冲突）  服务器在完成请求时发生冲突。 服务器必须在响应中包含有关冲突的信息。 
410   （已删除）  如果请求的资源已永久删除，服务器就会返回此响应。 
411   （需要有效长度） 服务器不接受不含有效内容长度标头字段的请求。 
412   （未满足前提条件） 服务器未满足请求者在请求中设置的其中一个前提条件。 
413   （请求实体过大） 服务器无法处理请求，因为请求实体过大，超出服务器的处理能力。 
414   （请求的 URI 过长） 请求的 URI（通常为网址）过长，服务器无法处理。 
415   （不支持的媒体类型） 请求的格式不受请求页面的支持。 
416   （请求范围不符合要求） 如果页面无法提供请求的范围，则服务器会返回此状态代码。 
417   （未满足期望值） 服务器未满足"期望"请求标头字段的要求。

5开头（服务器错误）这些状态代码表示服务器在尝试处理请求时发生内部错误。 这些错误可能是服务器本身的错误，而不是请求出错。

500   （服务器内部错误）  服务器遇到错误，无法完成请求。 
501   （尚未实施） 服务器不具备完成请求的功能。 例如，服务器无法识别请求方法时可能会返回此代码。 
502   （错误网关） 服务器作为网关或代理，从上游服务器收到无效响应。 
503   （服务不可用） 服务器目前无法使用（由于超载或停机维护）。 通常，这只是暂时状态。 
504   （网关超时）  服务器作为网关或代理，但是没有及时从上游服务器收到请求。 
505   （HTTP 版本不受支持） 服务器不支持请求中所用的 HTTP 协议版本。

缓存

• 客户端缓存
• 代理服务器缓存
• 缓存如何验证可用性

cache-control：

• max-age=100 静态资源缓存100s
• public、private 设置只能在客户端缓存，还是可以通过代理服务器缓存
• must-revalidate 在缓存过期后必须到服务器端验证过才能继续使用缓存
• no-cache、no-store 控制是否使用缓存

缓存验证

• last-modified配合if-modified-since
• etage配合if-none-match

缓存是web开发中对性能提升最大的一面

更有意义的头部

• Content-type、Content-Encoding等用来约束数据类型
• cookie保持会话信息
• CORS实现跨域并保持安全性限制

深入到TCP：

• 什么是三次握手
• HTTPS链接的创建过程，以及为什么HTTPS就是安全的
• 什么是长链接，为什么需要长链接
• HTTP2的信道复用为什么能提升性能

输入URL后HTTP请求返回的完整过程

• 1、为什么一开始需要做redirect：因为浏览器可能记录了这个地址永久跳转成一个新的地址，一开始浏览器需要判断redirect，redirect到什么地址
• 2、看缓存：看请求的资源是否已经缓存
• 3、dns解析
• 4、创建连接
• 5、开始发送数据包

Nginx

• 配置ngnix作为http的代理
• 开启ngnix的缓存功能
• 利用代理缓存提高http性能

HTTP协议基础及发展历史

五层网络模型介绍

• 物理层：主要定义物理设备如何传输数据，硬件设备
• 数据链路层：在通信的实体间简历数据链路链接
• 网络层：为数据在节点之间传输创建逻辑链路
• 传输层：像用户提供可靠的端到端(End-to-End)服务传输层向高层屏蔽了下层数据通信的细节
• 应用层:为应用软件提供了很多服务
  

构建于TCP协议之上

屏蔽了网络传输相关细节

HTTP协议发展历史

HTTP 0.9

• 1、只有一个命令GET
• 2、没有header等描述数据的信息
• 3、服务器发送完毕，就关闭了TCP连接

HTTP1.0

• 1、增加了很多命令
• 2、增加status code和header
• 3、多字符集支持、多部分发送、权限、缓存等

HTTP1.1

• 1、持久连接(建立TCP消耗)
• 2、pipeline(同一个链接可以发送多个请求，服务端是按照顺序接受，可能需要等待，串行)
• 3、增加host和其他一些命令

HTTP2（尚未普及）
1、所有数据以二进制进行传输
2、同一个链接里面发送多个请求不再小按照顺序来(并行)
3、头信息压缩以及推送等提高效率的功能

HTTP的三次握手

• 客户端和服务器端进行信息发送，是需要创建一个TCP-connetion
• http是不存在连接这个概念，只有请求和响应，它们都是数据包
• tcp链接可以发送多个http请求

三次握手时序图

URI-URL和URN

Uniform Resource Locator/统一资源定位器

http://user:pass@host.com:80/path?query=string#hash

URN:永久统一资源定位符

• 在资源移动之后还能找到
• 目前还没有非常成熟的使用方案

HTTP报文格式

HTTP各种特性总览

认识http客户端

curl -v  www.baidu.com

CORS跨域请求的限制与解决

请求已经发送，已经获取到了返回数据。不过浏览器在解析返回的时候，发现是不允许的，浏览器拦截了，隐藏了数据。必须服务器允许跨越请求。

• 服务器端可以加：'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': ''，表示允许跨域访问。''表示允许所有跨域访问，可以设置指定的服务器访问。多域可以动态判断

CORS跨域限制以及预请求验证

不需要预请求的限制：

• 1、允许method：
  GET、HEAD、POST
• 2、允许Content-Type：
  text/plain、
  multipart/form-data、
  application/x-www-form-urlencoded
• 3、请求头限制：
  Accept
  Accept-Language
  Content-Language
  Last-Event-ID

Content-Type：

        只限于三个值 application/x-www-form-urlencoded、
        multipart/form-data、
        text/plain

• 4、XMLHttpRequestUpload对象军没有注册任何事件监听器
• 5、请求中没有使用ReadableStream

解决方法：

'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': 'http://127.0.0.1:8888',
'Access-Control-Allow-Headers': 'X-Test-Cors',
'Access-Control-Allow-Methods': 'POST, PUT, DELETE',

'Access-Control-Max-Age': '1000'
//允许以这种方式发送预请求的时间，这段时间内不需要再发送预请求了

缓存头Cache-Control的含义和使用

可缓存性

• pulic :http请求经过的任何路径都可以对返回内容的缓存
• private:只有发起请求的浏览器才可以进行缓存
• non-cache:任何节点都不可以进行缓存

到期：

• max-age=<seconds>
• s-maxage=<seconds> //如果两个都设置，代理服务器会读取
• max-stale=<seconds> //只有在发起端设置才管用，即便max-age过期，只要在max-stale时间内仍然可以使用过期的缓存，服务端返回中设置没有作用

重新验证：

• 1、must-revalidate//设置了max-age中如果已经过期了，必须去原服务端重新发送请求，重新获取数据验证是否真的过期
• 2、proxy-revalidate//缓存服务器中
• 3、no-store//永远都要去服务器拿新的
• 4、no-transform//告诉代理服务器不可改动内容

cache-control应用

• 1、只是声明性的，并没有强制约束力
• 2、chrome 里面的disable cache必须勾掉
• 3、cache-control是一种客户端缓存，而且一般缓存时间都比较长，可能会导致服务端静态资源改变而客户端无法更新。解决方案：在静态资源文件后面加上一串哈希码，如果内容没有变，哈希码没变，可以使用静态资源缓存；如果文件有边，发的请求就是新的静态资源请求。

'Cache-Control': 'max-age=200,public'

缓存验证Last-Modefied和Etag的使用

资源验证

last-modified

• 上次修改时间
• 配合If-Modified-Since或者If-Unmodified-Since使用

Etag

更加严格的验证
数据签名(任何的修改，唯一)，最典型的就是哈希计算得到唯一值
配合If-Match或者If-Non-Match
对比资源的签名判断是否使用缓存

1、304:Not Modified。资源没有修改，可以直接读缓存。会忽略response  body里面的内容。
2、If-Modified-since和If-None-Match，disable cache 缓存验证头就不发送这两个参数。
3、如果设置了no-store会忽略所有跟缓存有关的

const http = require('http')
const fs = require('fs')

http.createServer(function(request, response) {
    console.log('request ', request.url)
    const html = fs.readFileSync('test.html', 'utf8')
    if (request.url === '/') {
        const html = fs.readFileSync('test.html', 'utf8')
        response.writeHead(200, {
            'Content-Type': 'text/html'
        })
        response.end(html)
    }
    if (request.url === '/script.js') {
        const html = fs.readFileSync('test.html', 'utf8')

        const etag = request.headers['if-none-match']
        if (request.getHeader = '777') {
            response.writeHead(304, {
                'Content-Type': 'text/javascript',
                'Cache-Control': 'max-age=2000000,no-cache',
                'Last-Modified': '123',
                'Etag': '777'
            })
            response.end('123')
        } else {
            response.writeHead(200, {
                'Content-Type': 'text/javascript',
                'Cache-Control': 'max-age=2000000,no-cache',
                'Last-Modified': '123',
                'Etag': '777'
            })
            response.end('console.log("script loadded")')
        }
    }
}).listen(8888)

console.log('serve listening on 8888')

const http = require('http')
const fs = require('fs')

http.createServer(function(request, response) {
    console.log('request ', request.url)
    const html = fs.readFileSync('test.html', 'utf8')
    response.writeHead(200, {
        'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
        'Access-Control-Allow-Headers': 'X-Test-Cors'

    })
    response.end(html)
}).listen(8887)

console.log('serve listening on 8887')

cookie和session

cookie

• 通过Set-Cookie设置，同域请求中
• 下次请求会自动带上
• 键值对，可以设置多个

cookie属性

• max-age 和 expires设置过期时间
• secure只在https的时候发送
• httpOnly无法通过document.cookie访问

'Set-Cookie':['id=12343','max-age=10','name=dafdafda';HttpOnly]

不同域cookie不能获取，同一个主域名的二级域名可以共享cookie。

HTTP长连接

• 复用TCP/IP连接
• 三次握手的开销可能不要比长连接消耗的高
• Connection: keep-alive
• chrome一般六个并发
• HTTP2信道复用

数据协商

请求

• Accept：//返回数据类型
• Accept-Encoding：//主要是如何数据压缩
• Accept-Language://返回语言
• User-Agent：//返回pc端还是移动端

返回

Content-Type：对应Accept
Content-Encoding:对应Accept-Encoding
Content-Language:对应Accept-Language

X-Content-Type-Options:nosniff  //不会主动预测返回内容

数据压缩

const zlib = require('zlib')
'Content-Encoding':'gzip'

Redirect

301 Moved Permanently 被请求的资源已永久移动到新位置，并且将来任何对此资源的引用都应该使用本响应返回的若干个URI之一。如果可能，拥有链接编辑功能的客户端应当自动把请求的地址修改为从服务器反馈回来的地址。除非额外指定，否则这个响应也是可缓存的。
重定向在浏览器缓存中，如果用户不清理缓存，那么服务端没法控制

302 Found
请求的资源现在临时从不同的URI响应请求。由于这样的重定向是临时的，客户端应当继续向原有地址发送以后的请求。只有在Cache-Control或Expires中进行了指定的情况下，这个响应才是可缓存的。

CSP内容安全策略

CSP定义了Content-Security-PolicyHTTP头来允许你创建一个可信来源的白名单，使得浏览器只执行和渲染来自这些来源的资源，而不是盲目信任服务器提供的所有内容。即使攻击者可以找到漏洞来注入脚本，但是因为来源不包含在白名单里，因此将不会被执行。

作用

• 限制资源获取
• 报告资源获取越权

限制方式

• default-src限制全局
• 制定资源类型

Nginx代理以及面向未来的HTTP

之前在写node代码的时候,没太复杂的功能实现,所以一直都是使用console.log()进行代码调试
今天想完整的完成一个项目,所有想了下我还有哪些知识不了解的,发现我都没有接触到调试测试方面的,所有学习了下

如图,配置node

配置完成后,点击蜘蛛按钮,以debugger模式启动

启动成功后如下图,出现命令窗口

其中显示监听49801端口,使用浏览器打开localhost:49801试试

其中显示的内容就是debug的参数,如果显示这些,表示以debug模式启动成功.其中,好像每次debug启动监听的端口都不同.不过好像也无关紧要,目前也没发现这端口有什么用.

下图是debug所会用到功能区

在实际使用中遇到两个问题
一是使用debug启动webstorm提示无法进入断点,在网上搜资料也没有明确说明原因,好像是node5.x版本无法进入debu模式,然后我升级webstorm也没用,当时webstorm是osx 10.x版本,node是5.8版本
我将node升级到6.2,webstorm升级到osx 2016.1.3后可以正常进入debug模式
二.我升级webstorm和node后,可以使用debug模式启动,并且启动后会进入断点,但是一启动就会一直报v8debug is not defined的错误.
上网搜到的解决方案是修改配置项

增加
--expose_debug_as=v8debug

注:我在window7环境下,使用webstorm10.x node 6.2版本没有遇到上面两个问题,可以正常使用debug
我记得,不知道是 webstorm 版本升级了后,还是 node 版本更新了,就不需要这样设置