[Docker series] docker learning two, Docker's common commands
Basic help commands
# 查看 docker 的基本版本信息
docker version
# 查看 docker 的系统信息，如镜像和容器数量
docker info
# 查看某个命令的帮助
docker xx命令 --helpWe can see the official help document: https://docs.docker.com/reference/
Mirror command
docker images view image
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
View the mirror on this machine
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 1318b700e415 5 days ago 72.8MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 4 months ago 13.3kB| Keyword | explain |
|---|---|
| REPOSITORY | Warehouse source |
| TAG | Mirror label |
| IMAGE ID | Mirror ID |
| CREATED | Creation time |
| SIZE | Mirror size |
Optional parameters:
Options:
-a, --all 显示所有的镜像
-q, --quiet 只显示镜像IDdocker search search mirror
Search redis as an example
# docker search redis
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 9734 [OK]
sameersbn/redis 83 [OK]
grokzen/redis-cluster Redis cluster 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.2 78
rediscommander/redis-commander Alpine image for redis-commander - Redis man… 63 [OK]Add parameters
Filter images with STARS greater than 2000
# docker search redis -f STARS=2000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 9734 [OK]We can also search for mirrors directly on the page on dockerhub
The search results are consistent with the results of the command search
docker pull download image
docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
Download redis mirror as an example
# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest # 默认拉最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/redis # redis 的库
33847f680f63: Pull complete # 分层下载
26a746039521: Pull complete
18d87da94363: Pull complete
5e118a708802: Pull complete
ecf0dbe7c357: Pull complete
46f280ba52da: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:cd0c68c5479f2db4b9e2c5fbfdb7a8acb77625322dd5b474578515422d3ddb59 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest # redis 真实下载地址So the above download operation
docker pull redis is consistent with docker pull docker.io/library/redis:latest
You can view the version supported by redis on dockerhub
We download a 6 version of redis
# docker pull redis:6
6: Pulling from library/redis
Digest: sha256:cd0c68c5479f2db4b9e2c5fbfdb7a8acb77625322dd5b474578515422d3ddb59
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:6
docker.io/library/redis:6You can see that when downloading version 6 of redis, there is no hierarchical download, indicating that the hierarchical downloads seen above are shared
View the mirror installed just now
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 6 aa4d65e670d6 8 days ago 105MB
redis latest aa4d65e670d6 8 days ago 105MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 4 months ago 13.3kBdocker rmi delete mirror
- Delete a single image
docker rmi -f 容器ID- Delete multiple mirrors
docker rmi -f 容器ID 容器ID 容器ID - Delete all mirrors
docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)Container command
The container is created based on the image, let’s download an ubuntu image
docker pull ubuntudocker run creates and starts the container
docker run [parameter] image name [command] [parameter]
Common parameter description:
--name="xxx" # 运行容器的名字
-d # 后台方式运行
-it # 交互的方式运行
-p # 指定容器的端口号 例如 -p 6379:6380
常用的操作有 -p 主机端口:容器端口
-P # 随机指定端口号Start ubuntu in the container, through the host name, we can already see that the host has switched
root@iZuf66y3tuzn4wp3h02t7pZ:~# docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
root@87fb04e2a6e7:/#Exit the container
- Type the
exit, the container will exit - Use the shortcut key Ctrl + P + Q to return to the host, the container will not exit
docker ps view container
docker ps [OPTIONS]
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
73f951b70438 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes vigorous_buck
87fb04e2a6e7 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago flamboyant_tuOptional parameters:
# 查看正在运行的容器
-a # 查看运行过的容器
-n=xx # 查看运行过的前 xx 个容器
-s # 查看容器运行的 大小
-q # 查看容器 IDdocker rm delete container
docker rm 容器ID # 删除未运行的容器
docker rm -f 容器ID # 强制删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -aq | xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器start, restart, stop, kill start, restart, stop, force stop the container
docker start 容器ID
docker restart 容器ID
docker stop 容器ID
docker kill 容器IDCommonly used other commands
docker run -d starts the container in the background
# 后台启动一个 ubuntu
docker run -d ubuntu
# 查看 运行的容器
docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
Found that no containers are running
The reasons are as follows:
- To start the service in the background of docker, there needs to be a foreground process, otherwise docker will stop the service if it finds that there is no application
We take the initiative to add a foreground process to see the effect
# 临时加上一个前台进程
docker run -d ubuntu /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo xiaozhupeiqi;sleep 2;done"
# 查看正在运行的容器
docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND
10ba0e687434 ubuntu "/bin/bash -c 'while…" It can be seen that the docker ps command can already view the running container, OK
docker logs view logs
docker logs [parameter] container ID
Options:
-f # 和输出保持一致
-n # 输出最近的几行
-t # 打印时间戳View the logs of the above container
# docker logs -tf -n 5 10ba0e687434
2021-08-01T08:02:51.380512218Z xiaozhupeiqi
2021-08-01T08:02:53.381606198Z xiaozhupeiqi
2021-08-01T08:02:55.382780869Z xiaozhupeiqi
2021-08-01T08:02:57.383890580Z xiaozhupeiqi
2021-08-01T08:02:59.384977473Z xiaozhupeiqi
2021-08-01T08:03:01.386430484Z xiaozhupeiqidocker top View process information in the container
docker top container ID
# docker top 10ba0e68743
UID PID PPID CMD
root 11101 11073 bin/bash -c while true;do echo xiaozhupeiqi;sleep 2;done
root 11504 11101docker inspect view image metadata
docker inspect container ID
A lot of information is omitted from the output
[
{
"Id": "10ba0e6874341b2e2f002c22613a71223ca981dc36df0d1ea4ed3bb5a7a6c58e",
"Created": "2021-08-01T07:57:52.725305443Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo xiaozhupeiqi;sleep 2;done"
],
"State": {
...
},
...
"GraphDriver": {
...
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "10ba0e687434",
...
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo xiaozhupeiqi;sleep 2;done"
],
"Image": "ubuntu",
...
},
"NetworkSettings": {
...
}
}
]
docker exec enters the currently running container
docker exec [parameter] container ID instruction [parameter of instruction]
# docker exec -it 10ba0e687434 /bin/bash
root@10ba0e687434:/# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 08:04 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo xiaozhupeiqi;sleep 2;done
root 922 0 0 08:34 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 963 0 0 08:35 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 972 1 0 08:35 ? 00:00:00 sleep 2
root 973 963 0 08:35 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -efdocker attach enters the program being executed in the container
docker attach container ID
docker attach 10ba0e687434exec and docker attach 1618280d5745e9
- docker exec
After entering the container, a new terminal will be opened, which can be operated normally
- docker attach
Enter the terminal where the container is executing, and will not start a new terminal
docker cp copies the files in the container to the host
docker cp container ID: container file path host path
# 进入容器，在容器的/home 目录下 建一个文件 xiaomotong.go
docker exec -it 10ba0e687434 /bin/bash
cd /home/
touch xiaomotong.go
# Ctrl + P + Q 退出容器
# 将容器内文件拷贝到主机内
docker cp 10ba0e687434:/home/xiaomotong.go ./docker stats View service memory status in docker
# docker stats
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
2772a4050157 nginx1 0.00% 3.02MiB / 1.946GiB 0.15% 25.8kB / 33.1kB 0B / 8.19kB 3
10ba0e687434 loving_bohr 0.00% 4.07MiB / 1.946GiB 0.20% 810B / 0B 1.95MB / 0B 5Summarize
There are still a lot of docker commands. You can try to sort out the list of commonly used commands according to the following figure for easy query. The following pictures are from the Internet and are for learning purposes only.
Reference materials:
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