Getting to know the Industrial Internet

foreword

In recent years, the concept of industrial Internet has become very popular. As a practitioner in the industrial Internet industry, bloggers will give you a preliminary understanding of what the industrial Internet is.

traditional industry

Before talking about the Industrial Internet, let's first give you a popular science on what industry is. Industry is a department that produces modern labor means, it determines the speed, scale and level of the modernization of the national economy, and plays a leading role in the national economy of all countries in the contemporary world.

Origin of industry

In the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain, which gradually transformed the original handicraft industry based on manual technology into machine industry, and industry finally separated from agriculture and became an independent material production department.

	The first industrial technological revolution	The second industrial technological revolution	The third industrial technology revolution
s	1760s-70s	1870s	1950s
main sign	Invention and application of the steam engine	Electrification, Internal Combustion Engines, Electricity Use	Development and Application of Microelectronic Technology
production impact	Coal mining, metallurgy, cotton textile, machinery manufacturing and other industries	Electric power, chemical, petroleum extraction, and processing, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, aircraft manufacturing and other industries	Electronic computer, nuclear technology, polymer synthesis, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, aerospace and other industries
The main factors affecting the industrial layout	fuel (power), raw material	Raw materials, fuel (power), transportation	Knowledge and technology, beautiful environment, modern high-speed traffic conditions

China's industrial output

There are three main industries in my country: agriculture, industry and service.

• Primary industry: agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery (excluding professional and auxiliary activities of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery).
• Secondary industry: mining industry (excluding mining professional and auxiliary activities), manufacturing industry (excluding metal products, machinery and equipment repair industry), electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industry, construction industry. (In the secondary industry, except for the construction industry, all others belong to the industrial category)
• The tertiary industry is the service industry, which refers to other industries other than the primary industry and the secondary industry.

The relationship between the three major industries - interdependent and mutually restrictive:

• The primary industry lays the foundation for the secondary and tertiary industries.
• The secondary industry is the core of the three major industries and plays a leading role in the primary industry.
• The primary and secondary industries create conditions for the tertiary industry, and the development of the tertiary industry promotes the progress of the primary and secondary industries.

Three major industries and industrial GDP (unit: 100 million yuan)

years	primary industry	Secondary industry	Tertiary Industry	gross domestic product	Industrial output	Industry share
1980	1359.5	2204.7	1023.4	4587.6	2014.8	43.9%
1990	5017.2	7744.1	6111.6	18872.9	6904.5	36.6%
2000	14717.4	45663.7	39899.1	100280.1	40258.5	40.1%
2010	38430.8	191626.5	182061.9	412119.3	165123.1	40.1%
2020	77754.1	384255.3	553976.8	1015986.2	313071.1	30.8%

Chinese Industrial Classification

The "National Economic Industry Classification" currently used in China is revised according to the fourth edition of ISIC, and it has been implemented since 2012. The industrial industry is divided into mining, manufacturing, electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industry 3 categories of industries , 41 major industries, 201 medium industries and 581 small industries.

In addition to the specific industry classification of the National Bureau of Statistics, industry can also be divided into 3 different types according to production methods: process manufacturing, discrete manufacturing and mixed manufacturing .

• Process-based manufacturing: refers to the production process of value-added production through separation, mixing, molding or chemical reaction. The production process is generally continuous or batch, and requires strict process control and safety performance measures. Typical process manufacturing industries: cement, electric power, petrochemical, metallurgy, food, medicine, etc.
• Discrete manufacturing: refers to the process of assembling multiple parts into a final product through a series of discontinuous processes under the guidance of the production process plan. Typical discrete manufacturing industries: rockets, aircraft, automobiles, ships, electronic equipment, machinery, clothing, etc.
• Hybrid manufacturing: It refers to a complex production method with both continuous production process and discrete generation process. It is a production method with universal significance in modern production.

In general industrial enterprises, there will be both process production and discrete production processes (ie, hybrid manufacturing), but the corresponding production process will have a bias in the total scale of the company's production, and the industry to which the company belongs can be divided according to the bias.

Layering of traditional industrial systems

The traditional industrial enterprise system is generally divided into five layers, from bottom to top: device layer, field control layer, process monitoring layer, production management layer, and enterprise resource .

• Field device layer: Provides machines produced on-site in the factory, including sensors, actuators, protection devices, etc.
• Field control layer: control the production process through PLC, DCS control unit and RTU.
• Process monitoring layer: collect and monitor production process parameters through distributed SCADA system, and use HMI system to realize human-computer interaction.
• Production Management (MES): Provides management modules including manufacturing data management, planning and scheduling management, and production scheduling management for enterprises.
• Enterprise Resource Layer (ERP): Provides decision-making operation means for enterprise decision-making layer and employees. Including enterprise resource-related financial, asset, human and other management systems.

Industrial Internet

Background of the Industrial Internet

The current global economic and social development is facing new challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, due to the bottleneck of traditional economic development, the internal driving force for economic growth is insufficient. On the other hand, information technologies such as Internet , big data and artificial intelligence can help enterprises adapt to rapid changes in the competitive environment by combining with traditional industries to improve production efficiency and reduce overall costs.

The concept of industrial internet

Industrial Internet (Industrial Internet) is a new type of infrastructure, application model and industrial ecology that deeply integrates the new generation of information and communication technology and industrial economy. The new manufacturing and service system of the value chain provides a way to realize the digital, and development of the industry and even the industry, and is an important cornerstone of the fourth industrial revolution.

Architecture of Industrial Internet

The industrial Internet technology system goes beyond the scope of a single discipline and project, and requires the and integration of manufacturing technology and information technology, and integration into specific business scenarios in order to value.

Breakthroughs in manufacturing technology and information technology are the foundation for the development of the Industrial Internet. in

• Manufacturing technology: the physical system that supports the construction of the Industrial Internet
• Information Technology: Outlining the Digital Space of the Industrial Internet
• Convergence technology: driving the comprehensive interconnection and deep collaboration between the physical system of the Industrial Internet and the digital space

Application Scenarios of Industrial Internet

• Connect multi-source heterogeneous devices to the edge computing layer of the Industrial Internet through industrial gateways, PLCs (programmable controllers), etc.
• Intelligent perception and collection of data using multi-sensing methods such as sensors and images.
• Data is transmitted to the edge layer database through industrial network cards, data buses, etc.
• Use the established rules to parse and uniformly convert device data of different protocols to maintain data consistency.
• Use machine learning and other algorithms to preprocess, cluster and analyze multi-source data, eliminate redundant data, and complete data regularization and classification.
• Utilize 5G networks to transmit data from the edge layer to the cloud platform database of the Industrial Internet.
• Through big data modeling and analysis technology, the cloud big data system establishes a mapping model between various entities, data and processes based on various basic scenarios, general scenarios and special scenarios, builds a visual knowledge graph, forms a knowledge base, and conducts knowledge reasoning.
• Based on the common platform deployment and management module of the PaaS layer, under the support of the industrial big data model, a set of software development and deployment, microservice component library and model library is established to provide the foundation for product deployment and service innovation at the SaaS layer.
• Develop comprehensive decision-making applications such as MES, ERP, SCADA, and SCM, and deploy them to the SaaS layer of the industrial Internet platform.
• By installing the application software in the terminal equipment, the production process optimization, production scheduling, intelligent control and fault diagnosis of the whole product life cycle are realized.

Fourteenth Five-Year Plan Policy Support

The national "14th Five-Year Plan and 2035 Vision Outline" has a total of 19 chapters and 65 chapters. It is a programmatic document to guide my country's national economic and social development in the next 5 and 15 years. Among them, "Industrial Internet" is mentioned 3 times. .

• The first time it appeared in the first section of Chapter 11 of the third volume, we must actively and steadily develop the Industrial Internet and the Internet of Vehicles.
• The second time appears in Section 3 of Chapter 15 of Chapter 5. It is necessary to build several international-level industrial Internet platforms and digital transformation promotion centers in key industries and regions.
• It appeared for the third time in column 8 key industries of digital economy. It is necessary to cultivate and form an industrial Internet platform with international influence, and promote the industrial ecology of "industrial Internet + intelligent manufacturing".

Compared with the 10 proposals issued in 20 years, the planning outline has further strengthened the expression of digital development, industrial Internet and digital transformation, and the planning content is also more clear and concentrated.

How to join the Industrial Internet

In recent years, industrial Internet-related occupations have begun to emerge. Among the 29 new occupations released by the state in 2019 and 2020, 13 occupations related to the Industrial Internet, such as big data engineering technicians and cloud computing engineering technicians, accounted for 44.8% of the newly added occupations.
The development of the Industrial Internet requires compound, multi-dimensional and multi-level talents. The Industrial Internet is the product of the integration of a new generation of information technology and manufacturing. It requires not only OT and IT compound talents, but also multi-dimensional and multi-level talents such as enterprise management talents, industry leaders, professional and technical talents, and industrial workers. The specific talent skills are listed as follows:

• Hardware developers, embedded development needs are large;
• Python development will receive more and more attention;
• The demand for hardware product managers and Internet product managers will increase;
• Big data, artificial intelligence, and data analysis expert positions will become scarce;
• The demand for server operation and maintenance and operation jobs will increase significantly;
• The field of data security will explode;

For more details, please refer to: Industrial Internet Talent White Paper (2020)

Reference 1: Industrial Terminology

• ICS: (Industrial Control System, Industrial Control System) is an automatic control system composed of computers and industrial control process components, which consists of controllers, sensors, transmitters, actuators, and input/output interfaces. These components are connected through industrial communication lines and industrial control communication protocols to form a manufacturing and processing system with automatic control capabilities.
• PLC: (Programmable Logic Controller, Programmable Logic Controller) stores instructions to perform operations such as logical operations, sequential control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, and controls various types of mechanical equipment or production processes.
• RTU: (Remote Terminal Unit, Remote Terminal Unit) is a special computer measurement and control unit with a modular structure designed for long communication distances and harsh industrial site environments.
• DCS (Distributed Control System, Distributed Control System) is a multi-level computer system composed of a process control level and a process monitoring level with a communication network as a link.
• HMI (Human Machine Interface), also known as user interface or user interface, is a medium for interaction and information exchange between the system and users.
• SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition, data acquisition and supervisory control system) data acquisition and supervisory control system, which can be applied to data acquisition and supervisory control and process control in many fields such as electric power, chemical industry, metallurgy, gas, petroleum, railway, etc. .
• MES: (Manufacturing Execution System, Manufacturing Execution System) is a production information management system for the workshop execution layer of manufacturing enterprises. MES can provide enterprises with management including manufacturing data management, planning scheduling management, production scheduling management, inventory management, quality management, etc. module to create a solid, reliable and comprehensive manufacturing collaborative management platform for enterprises.
• ERP: (Enterprise Resource Planning, Enterprise Resource Planning) is a management information system that integrates and manages all the resources of an enterprise.

Reference 2: Literature Citations

• Fourteenth Five-Year Plan: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-03/13/content_5592681.htm
• Industrial Internet Standards System (version 3.0): http://www.aii-alliance.org/index/c145/n3038.html
• China Statistical Yearbook (2021): http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2021/indexch.htm
• Three industry divisions (2012): http://www.stats.gov.cn/xxgk/tjbz/gjtjbz/201804/t20180402_1758923.html
• 2017 National Economic Industry Classification: http://www.stats.gov.cn/xxgk/tjbz/gjtjbz/201710/t20171017_1758922.html
• Why is the statistical classification no longer divided into light and heavy industries: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgz/tjdt/201312/t20131223_487512.html
• Baidu Encyclopedia - Industry: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A/254750
• Process Manufacturing and Discrete Manufacturing: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1721185388583622080&wfr=spider&for=pc
• Process-based intelligent manufacturing white paper: http://www.cesi.cn/images/editor/20190802/20190802092925693.pdf
• Factory-to-enterprise integration: ISA95 is a good starting point: https://blog.csdn.net/sideways_yu/article/details/8915073
• Industrial Internet Talent White Paper (2020): http://www.100ec.cn/detail--6561250.html
• This article will take you to understand the Industrial Internet: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/147688499

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