Analysis of front-end log collection scheme

foreword

In the front-end deployment process, nginx is usually used as the deployment server, and for the default nginx service, it provides corresponding log records, which can be used to record related logs of server access, for system stability and robustness monitoring. It is said that log collection and analysis can provide more quantitative index construction. This article aims to briefly describe the nginx collection scheme that needs to be used in the process of front-end applications and management services.

Architecture

Dot log collection

For front-end applications, it is usually necessary to bury points and process corresponding data services.

Application log collection

For daily applications, it is usually necessary to collect and process the stability of the nginx server itself.

practice

Nginx

log format

Set the log format log_format is the agreed log content, which can be used for log cleaning and filtering, etc. For the log format of nginx, please refer to the official documentation of Nginx log_format

field	meaning
$time_iso8601	Server time in ISO 8610 format
$remote_addr	client address
$http_host	CPU name
$status	HTTP response code
$request_time	Time spent processing client requests
$request_length	the length of the request
$body_bytes_sent	The number of bytes transmitted to the client
$request_uri	Raw URI containing some client request parameters
$http_user_agent	Client User Agent

log path

Configure the server's access_log, for example:

 # /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
http {
    log_format aaa '$time_iso8601 $remote_addr $http_host $status $request_time $request_length $body_bytes_sent $request_uri $http_user_agent';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  aaa;

    server {

        if ($time_iso8601 ~ "^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T(\d{2}):(\d{2})") {
            set $year $1;
            set $month $2;
            set $day $3;
            set $hour $4;
            set $minute $5;
        }
        access_log /var/log/nginx/aaa/$year$month-$day-$hour-$minute.log aaa;

        location = /dig.gif {
            empty_gif;
        }
    }
}

log clear

In order to prevent the logs generated by nginx from occupying the disk, it needs to be cleared regularly. You can set the clearing interval to 1 day, for example:

 #!/bin/bash
#Filename: delete_nginx_logs.sh
LOGS_PATH=/var/log/nginx
KEEP_DAYS=30
PID_FILE=/run/nginx.pid
YESTERDAY=$(date -d "yesterday" +%Y-%m-%d)
if [ -f $PID_FILE ];then
    echo `date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"` Deleting logs...
    mv ${LOGS_PATH}/access.log ${LOGS_PATH}/access.${YESTERDAY}.log >/dev/null 2>&1
    mv ${LOGS_PATH}/access.json ${LOGS_PATH}/access.${YESTERDAY}.json >/dev/null 2>&1
    mv ${LOGS_PATH}/error.log ${LOGS_PATH}/error.${YESTERDAY}.log >/dev/null 2>&1
    kill -USR1 `cat $PID_FILE`
    echo `date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"` Logs have deleted.
else
    echo `date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"` Please make sure that nginx is running...
fi
echo

find $LOGS_PATH -type f -mtime +$KEEP_DAYS -print0 |xargs -0 rm -f

You can also create a script to delete the log to record the log of the delete script

Filebeat

filebeat is a log file shipping tool. After installing the client on your server, filebeat will monitor the log directory or the specified log file, track and read these files (track file changes, keep reading), and forward the information. To elasticsearch or logstarsh or kafka etc.

Through filebeat.yml for related configuration, for example:

 ###################### Filebeat Configuration Example #########################

# This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common
# options. The filebeat.reference.yml file from the same directory contains all the
# supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference.
#
# You can find the full configuration reference here:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/index.html

# For more available modules and options, please see the filebeat.reference.yml sample
# configuration file.

# ============================== Filebeat inputs ===============================

filebeat.inputs:

# Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so
# you can use different inputs for various configurations.
# Below are the input specific configurations.

- type: log

# Change to true to enable this input configuration.
enabled: true

# Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/ferms/*.log
    #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*

# Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
# matching any regular expression from the list.
#exclude_lines: ['^DBG']

# Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
# matching any regular expression from the list.
#include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']

# Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
# are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
#exclude_files: ['.gz$']

# Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
# to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
#fields:
#  level: debug
#  review: 1

### Multiline options

# Multiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common
# for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation

# The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [
#multiline.pattern: ^\[

# Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false.
#multiline.negate: false

# Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern
# that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate.
# Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash
#multiline.match: after

# ============================== Filebeat modules ==============================

filebeat.config.modules:
# Glob pattern for configuration loading
path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml

# Set to true to enable config reloading
reload.enabled: false

# Period on which files under path should be checked for changes
#reload.period: 10s

# ======================= Elasticsearch template setting =======================

setup.template.settings:
index.number_of_shards: 3
#index.codec: best_compression
#_source.enabled: false


# ================================== General ===================================

# The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group
# all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface.
#name:

# The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each
# transaction published.
#tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"]

# Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the
# output.
#fields:
#  env: staging

# ================================= Dashboards =================================
# These settings control loading the sample dashboards to the Kibana index. Loading
# the dashboards is disabled by default and can be enabled either by setting the
# options here or by using the `setup` command.
#setup.dashboards.enabled: false

# The URL from where to download the dashboards archive. By default this URL
# has a value which is computed based on the Beat name and version. For released
# versions, this URL points to the dashboard archive on the artifacts.elastic.co
# website.
#setup.dashboards.url:

# =================================== Kibana ===================================

# Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.
# This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.
setup.kibana:

# Kibana Host
# Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601)
# In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path
# IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601
#host: "localhost:5601"

# Kibana Space ID
# ID of the Kibana Space into which the dashboards should be loaded. By default,
# the Default Space will be used.
#space.id:

# =============================== Elastic Cloud ================================

# These settings simplify using Filebeat with the Elastic Cloud (https://cloud.elastic.co/).

# The cloud.id setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.hosts` and
# `setup.kibana.host` options.
# You can find the `cloud.id` in the Elastic Cloud web UI.
#cloud.id:

# The cloud.auth setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.username` and
# `output.elasticsearch.password` settings. The format is `<user>:<pass>`.
#cloud.auth:

# ================================== Outputs ===================================

# Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat.

output.kafka:
    hosts: ["xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9092","yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy:9092","zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz:9092"]
    topic: "fee"

# ---------------------------- Elasticsearch Output ----------------------------
#output.elasticsearch:
# Array of hosts to connect to.
#hosts: ["localhost:9200"]

# Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`.
#protocol: "https"

# Authentication credentials - either API key or username/password.
#api_key: "id:api_key"
#username: "elastic"
#password: "changeme"

# ------------------------------ Logstash Output -------------------------------
#output.logstash:
# The Logstash hosts
#hosts: ["localhost:5044"]

# Optional SSL. By default is off.
# List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications
#ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]

# Certificate for SSL client authentication
#ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"

# Client Certificate Key
#ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"

# ================================= Processors =================================
processors:
- drop_fields:
    fields: ["@timestamp", "@metadata", "log", "input", "ecs", "host", "agent"]

# ================================== Logging ===================================

# Sets log level. The default log level is info.
# Available log levels are: error, warning, info, debug
# logging.level: debug

# At debug level, you can selectively enable logging only for some components.
# To enable all selectors use ["*"]. Examples of other selectors are "beat",
# "publish", "service".
#logging.selectors: ["*"]

# ============================= X-Pack Monitoring ==============================
# Filebeat can export internal metrics to a central Elasticsearch monitoring
# cluster.  This requires xpack monitoring to be enabled in Elasticsearch.  The
# reporting is disabled by default.

# Set to true to enable the monitoring reporter.
#monitoring.enabled: false

# Sets the UUID of the Elasticsearch cluster under which monitoring data for this
# Filebeat instance will appear in the Stack Monitoring UI. If output.elasticsearch
# is enabled, the UUID is derived from the Elasticsearch cluster referenced by output.elasticsearch.
#monitoring.cluster_uuid:

# Uncomment to send the metrics to Elasticsearch. Most settings from the
# Elasticsearch output are accepted here as well.
# Note that the settings should point to your Elasticsearch *monitoring* cluster.
# Any setting that is not set is automatically inherited from the Elasticsearch
# output configuration, so if you have the Elasticsearch output configured such
# that it is pointing to your Elasticsearch monitoring cluster, you can simply
# uncomment the following line.
#monitoring.elasticsearch:

# ============================== Instrumentation ===============================

# Instrumentation support for the filebeat.
#instrumentation:
    # Set to true to enable instrumentation of filebeat.
    #enabled: false

    # Environment in which filebeat is running on (eg: staging, production, etc.)
    #environment: ""

    # APM Server hosts to report instrumentation results to.
    #hosts:
    #  - http://localhost:8200

    # API Key for the APM Server(s).
    # If api_key is set then secret_token will be ignored.
    #api_key:

    # Secret token for the APM Server(s).
    #secret_token:


# ================================= Migration ==================================

# This allows to enable 6.7 migration aliases
#migration.6_to_7.enabled: true

Summarize

As an important part of a large-scale system, the log system is usually not as large and important as the back-end system in the application process of the front-end side, but its important data support function is also indispensable in the front-end system. Analysis can also do some corresponding ecological construction in the front-end system.

refer to

• Three poses to easily collect Nginx logs
• 8 minutes to take you to understand Nginx in simple terms
• Docker deploys Nginx and uses filebeat to collect running logs
• The docker container starts filebeat to collect nginx template (module) data
• Kibana and Logstash of the distributed ELK platform
• Filebeat