Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator < ? super T > c)
是用来对用户自定义的对象数组排序功能的。Java 官方文档简单描述了它的作用,但不足以让我们深刻理解。为了更深入地理解它,这篇文章将梳理相关的关键点。
1、简单实例:如何使用Arrays.sort()
通过阅读下面代码,你能快速正确了解这个方法的用途。Comparator(比较器)用于根据Dogs的size比较其大小,并作为sort方法的参数。
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
class Dog{
int size;
public Dog(int s){
size = s;
}
}
class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
@Override
public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
return o1.size - o2.size;
}
}
public class ArraySort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
Dog d3 = new Dog(3);
Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
printDogs(dogArray);
Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());
printDogs(dogArray);
}
public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
for(Dog d: dogs)
System.out.print(d.size + " " );
System.out.println();
}
}
输出:
2 1 3
1 2 3
2、策略模式的使用
这是运用策略模式的一个很好的场景,为什么策略模式对于这种场景非常适用?简单来说,策略模式使不同的算法在运行时得以选择。在这个例子中,通过传递不同的Comparator,可以选择不同的算法。基于上例,现在假设你有一个Comparator,用weight来代替size来比较Dogs。你可以简单创建一个新的Comprator如下:
class Dog{
int size;
int weight;
public Dog(int s, int w){
size = s;
weight = w;
}
}
class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
@Override
public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
return o1.size - o2.size;
}
}
class DogWeightComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
@Override
public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
return o1.weight - o2.weight;
}
}
public class ArraySort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog(2, 50);
Dog d2 = new Dog(1, 30);
Dog d3 = new Dog(3, 40);
Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
printDogs(dogArray);
Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());
printDogs(dogArray);
Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogWeightComparator());
printDogs(dogArray);
}
public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
for(Dog d: dogs)
System.out.print("size="+d.size + " weight=" + d.weight + " ");
System.out.println();
}
}
输出:
size=2 weight=50 size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40
size=1 weight=30 size=2 weight=50 size=3 weight=40
size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40 size=2 weight=50
Comparator仅仅是一个接口,任何实现了Comparator在运行时都可以被使用,这是策略模式的核心理念。
3、为什么使用“super”
很显然,如果”Comparator
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
class Animal{
int size;
}
class Dog extends Animal{
public Dog(int s){
size = s;
}
}
class Cat extends Animal{
public Cat(int s){
size = s;
}
}
class AnimalSizeComparator implements Comparator<Animal>{
@Override
public int compare(Animal o1, Animal o2) {
return o1.size - o2.size;
}
//in this way, all sub classes of Animal can use this comparator.
}
public class ArraySort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
Dog d3 = new Dog(3);
Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
printDogs(dogArray);
Arrays.sort(dogArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());
printDogs(dogArray);
System.out.println();
//when you have an array of Cat, same Comparator can be used.
Cat c1 = new Cat(2);
Cat c2 = new Cat(1);
Cat c3 = new Cat(3);
Cat[] catArray = {c1, c2, c3};
printDogs(catArray);
Arrays.sort(catArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());
printDogs(catArray);
}
public static void printDogs(Animal[] animals){
for(Animal a: animals)
System.out.print("size="+a.size + " ");
System.out.println();
}
}
输出:
size=2 size=1 size=3
size=1 size=2 size=3
size=2 size=1 size=3
size=1 size=2 size=3
4、总结
总的来说,从Arrays.sort()中你应该了解到:
- generic(范型)——super
- 策略模式
- 归并排序——nlog(n)时间复杂度
- java.util.Collections.sort(List
list, Comparator<?super T> c)类似于Arrays.sort
参考:Arrays.sort(T[], java.util.Comparator)
原文:Deep Understanding of Arrays.sort()
转载自:ImportNew.com - 刘志军
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