应用场景
在基于Yii2开发发送短信验证功能时，申请短信模板一直没通过，反馈结果“验证码过于简单”，但Yii2 生成的验证是没有干扰的。所以基于Yii2 验证码进行扩展。Yii2 图形验证码还存在“点击图形验证码时无法更新”问题。
生成验证码
视图代码
在需要生成图形验证码视图，添加以下代码
<?php
use yii\captcha\Captcha;
?>
<?= Captcha::widget(['name'=>'captchaimg','captchaAction'=>'register/captcha','imageOptions'=>['id'=>'captchaimg', 'title'=>'换一个', 'alt'=>'换一个', 'style'=>'cursor:pointer;margin-left:25px;'],'template'=>'{image}']);?>模型代码
在需要生成图形验证码模型，添加以下代码
public function rules(){
return [
//验证码
['verifyCode', 'captcha','captchaAction'=>'register/captcha','message'=>'图片验证码不正确！'],
]
}控制器代码
在需要生成图形验证码控制器，添加以下代码
/**
* [actions 验证码]
* @author 邱先生
* @copyright 烟火里的尘埃
* @version [V1.0版本]
* @date 2016-07-08
* @return [type] [description]
*/
public function actions() {
return [
'captcha' => [
'class' => 'yii\captcha\CaptchaAction',
'height' => 80,
'width' => 200,
'minLength' => 4,
'maxLength' => 4,
'foreColor' => 0x2eaeff,
'offset' =>25,
'disturbCharCount' =>2,//干扰字符数量
'transparent' => false,
],
];
}
增加干扰线
不分析源码，找到
vendor\yiisoft\yii2\captcha\CaptchaAction.php覆盖即可
<?php
/**
* @link http://www.yiiframework.com/
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2008 Yii Software LLC
* @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/
*/
namespace yii\captcha;
use Yii;
use yii\base\Action;
use yii\base\InvalidConfigException;
use yii\helpers\Url;
use yii\web\Response;
/**
* CaptchaAction renders a CAPTCHA image.
*
* CaptchaAction is used together with [[Captcha]] and [[\yii\captcha\CaptchaValidator]]
* to provide the [CAPTCHA](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captcha) feature.
*
* By configuring the properties of CaptchaAction, you may customize the appearance of
* the generated CAPTCHA images, such as the font color, the background color, etc.
*
* Note that CaptchaAction requires either GD2 extension or ImageMagick PHP extension.
*
* Using CAPTCHA involves the following steps:
*
* 1. Override [[\yii\web\Controller::actions()]] and register an action of class CaptchaAction with ID 'captcha'
* 2. In the form model, declare an attribute to store user-entered verification code, and declare the attribute
* to be validated by the 'captcha' validator.
* 3. In the controller view, insert a [[Captcha]] widget in the form.
*
* @property string $verifyCode The verification code. This property is read-only.
*
* @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
* @since 2.0
*/
class CaptchaAction extends Action
{
/**
* The name of the GET parameter indicating whether the CAPTCHA image should be regenerated.
*/
const REFRESH_GET_VAR = 'refresh';
/**
* @var integer how many times should the same CAPTCHA be displayed. Defaults to 3.
* A value less than or equal to 0 means the test is unlimited (available since version 1.1.2).
*/
public $testLimit = 3;
/**
* @var integer the width of the generated CAPTCHA image. Defaults to 120.
*/
public $width = 120;
/**
* @var integer the height of the generated CAPTCHA image. Defaults to 50.
*/
public $height = 50;
/**
* @var integer padding around the text. Defaults to 2.
*/
public $padding = 2;
/**
* @var integer the background color. For example, 0x55FF00.
* Defaults to 0xFFFFFF, meaning white color.
*/
public $backColor = 0xFFFFFF;
/**
* @var integer the font color. For example, 0x55FF00. Defaults to 0x2040A0 (blue color).
*/
public $foreColor = 0x2040A0;
/**
* @var boolean whether to use transparent background. Defaults to false.
*/
public $transparent = false;
/**
* @var integer the minimum length for randomly generated word. Defaults to 6.
*/
public $minLength = 6;
/**
* @var integer the maximum length for randomly generated word. Defaults to 7.
*/
public $maxLength = 7;
/**
* @var integer the offset between characters. Defaults to -2. You can adjust this property
* in order to decrease or increase the readability of the captcha.
*/
public $offset = -2;
/**
* @var string the TrueType font file. This can be either a file path or path alias.
*/
public $fontFile = '@yii/captcha/SpicyRice.ttf';
/**
* @var string the fixed verification code. When this property is set,
* [[getVerifyCode()]] will always return the value of this property.
* This is mainly used in automated tests where we want to be able to reproduce
* the same verification code each time we run the tests.
* If not set, it means the verification code will be randomly generated.
*/
public $fixedVerifyCode;
/**
* @var string the rendering library to use. Currently supported only 'gd' and 'imagick'.
* If not set, library will be determined automatically.
* @since 2.0.7
*/
public $imageLibrary;
/**
* [$disturbCharCount 干扰字符数量]
* @var [type]
*/
public $disturbCharCount=2;
/**
* Initializes the action.
* @throws InvalidConfigException if the font file does not exist.
*/
public function init()
{
$this->fontFile = Yii::getAlias($this->fontFile);
if (!is_file($this->fontFile)) {
throw new InvalidConfigException("The font file does not exist: {$this->fontFile}");
}
}
/**
* Runs the action.
*/
public function run()
{
if (Yii::$app->request->getQueryParam(self::REFRESH_GET_VAR) !== null) {
// AJAX request for regenerating code
$code = $this->getVerifyCode(true);
Yii::$app->response->format = Response::FORMAT_JSON;
return [
'hash1' => $this->generateValidationHash($code),
'hash2' => $this->generateValidationHash(strtolower($code)),
// we add a random 'v' parameter so that FireFox can refresh the image
// when src attribute of image tag is changed
'url' => Url::to([$this->id, 'v' => uniqid()]),
];
} else {
$this->setHttpHeaders();
Yii::$app->response->format = Response::FORMAT_RAW;
return $this->renderImage($this->getVerifyCode(true));
}
}
/**
* Generates a hash code that can be used for client side validation.
* @param string $code the CAPTCHA code
* @return string a hash code generated from the CAPTCHA code
*/
public function generateValidationHash($code)
{
for ($h = 0, $i = strlen($code) - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
$h += ord($code[$i]);
}
return $h;
}
/**
* Gets the verification code.
* @param boolean $regenerate whether the verification code should be regenerated.
* @return string the verification code.
*/
public function getVerifyCode($regenerate = false)
{
if ($this->fixedVerifyCode !== null) {
return $this->fixedVerifyCode;
}
$session = Yii::$app->getSession();
$session->open();
$name = $this->getSessionKey();
if ($session[$name] === null || $regenerate) {
$session[$name] = $this->generateVerifyCode();
$session[$name . 'count'] = 1;
}
return $session[$name];
}
/**
* Validates the input to see if it matches the generated code.
* @param string $input user input
* @param boolean $caseSensitive whether the comparison should be case-sensitive
* @return boolean whether the input is valid
*/
public function validate($input, $caseSensitive)
{
$code = $this->getVerifyCode();
$valid = $caseSensitive ? ($input === $code) : strcasecmp($input, $code) === 0;
$session = Yii::$app->getSession();
$session->open();
$name = $this->getSessionKey() . 'count';
$session[$name] = $session[$name] + 1;
if ($valid || $session[$name] > $this->testLimit && $this->testLimit > 0) {
$this->getVerifyCode(true);
}
return $valid;
}
/**
* Generates a new verification code.
* @return string the generated verification code
*/
protected function generateVerifyCode()
{
if ($this->minLength > $this->maxLength) {
$this->maxLength = $this->minLength;
}
if ($this->minLength < 3) {
$this->minLength = 3;
}
if ($this->maxLength > 20) {
$this->maxLength = 20;
}
$length = mt_rand($this->minLength, $this->maxLength);
$letters = '123456789bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz';
$vowels = 'aeiou';
$code = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) {
if ($i % 2 && mt_rand(0, 10) > 2 || !($i % 2) && mt_rand(0, 10) > 9) {
$code .= $vowels[mt_rand(0, 4)];
} else {
$code .= $letters[mt_rand(0, 20)];
}
}
return $code;
}
/**
* Returns the session variable name used to store verification code.
* @return string the session variable name
*/
protected function getSessionKey()
{
return '__captcha/' . $this->getUniqueId();
}
/**
* Renders the CAPTCHA image.
* @param string $code the verification code
* @return string image contents
* @throws InvalidConfigException if imageLibrary is not supported
*/
protected function renderImage($code)
{
if (isset($this->imageLibrary)) {
$imageLibrary = $this->imageLibrary;
} else {
$imageLibrary = Captcha::checkRequirements();
}
if ($imageLibrary === 'gd') {
return $this->renderImageByGD($code);
} elseif ($imageLibrary === 'imagick') {
return $this->renderImageByImagick($code);
} else {
throw new InvalidConfigException("Defined library '{$imageLibrary}' is not supported");
}
}
/**
* Renders the CAPTCHA image based on the code using GD library.
* @param string $code the verification code
* @return string image contents in PNG format.
*/
protected function renderImageByGD($code)
{
$image = imagecreatetruecolor($this->width, $this->height);
$backColor = imagecolorallocate(
$image,
(int) ($this->backColor % 0x1000000 / 0x10000),
(int) ($this->backColor % 0x10000 / 0x100),
$this->backColor % 0x100
);
imagefilledrectangle($image, 0, 0, $this->width, $this->height, $backColor);
imagecolordeallocate($image, $backColor);
if ($this->transparent) {
imagecolortransparent($image, $backColor);
}
$foreColor = imagecolorallocate(
$image,
(int) ($this->foreColor % 0x1000000 / 0x10000),
(int) ($this->foreColor % 0x10000 / 0x100),
$this->foreColor % 0x100
);
$length = strlen($code);
$box = imagettfbbox(30, 0, $this->fontFile, $code);
$w = $box[4] - $box[0] + $this->offset * ($length - 1);
$h = $box[1] - $box[5];
$scale = min(($this->width - $this->padding * 2) / $w, ($this->height - $this->padding * 2) / $h);
$x = 20;
$y = round($this->height * 27 / 40);
for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) {
$fontSize = (int) (rand(26, 32) * $scale * 0.8);
$angle = rand(-10, 10);
$letter = $code[$i];
$box = imagettftext($image, $fontSize, $angle, $x, $y, $foreColor, $this->fontFile, $letter);
$x = $box[2] + $this->offset;
}
ob_start();
//画干扰点
$this->_writeNoise($image);
//画干扰线
$this->_writeCurve($image);
$this->_writeCurve($image);
// $this->_writeCurve($image);
$this->_writeCurve($image);
imagepng($image);
imagedestroy($image);
return ob_get_clean();
}
/**
* 画杂点
* 往图片上写不同颜色的字母或数字
*/
private function _writeNoise($image) {
$codeSet = '2345678abcdefhijkmnpqrstuvwxyz';
for($i = 0; $i < $this->disturbCharCount; $i++){
//杂点颜色
$noiseColor = imagecolorallocate($image, mt_rand(150,225), mt_rand(150,225), mt_rand(150,225));
for($j = 0; $j < 10; $j++) {
// 绘杂点
imagestring($image, 10, mt_rand(-10, $this->width), mt_rand(-10, $this->height), $codeSet[mt_rand(0, 29)], $noiseColor);
}
}
}
/**
* 画一条由两条连在一起构成的随机正弦函数曲线作干扰线(你可以改成更帅的曲线函数)
*
* 高中的数学公式咋都忘了涅，写出来
* 正弦型函数解析式：y=Asin(ωx+φ)+b
* 各常数值对函数图像的影响：
* A：决定峰值（即纵向拉伸压缩的倍数）
* b：表示波形在Y轴的位置关系或纵向移动距离（上加下减）
* φ：决定波形与X轴位置关系或横向移动距离（左加右减）
* ω：决定周期（最小正周期T=2π/∣ω∣）
*
*/
// 验证码字体随机颜色
// $this->_color = imagecolorallocate($this->_image, mt_rand(1,150), mt_rand(1,150), mt_rand(1,150));
private function _writeCurve($image) {
$px = $py = 0;
// 曲线前部分
$A = mt_rand(1, $this->height/2); // 振幅
$b = mt_rand(-$this->height/4, $this->height/4); // Y轴方向偏移量
$f = mt_rand(-$this->height/4, $this->height/4); // X轴方向偏移量
$T = mt_rand($this->height, $this->width*2); // 周期
$w = (2* M_PI)/$T;
$px1 = 0; // 曲线横坐标起始位置
$px2 = mt_rand($this->width/2, $this->width * 0.8); // 曲线横坐标结束位置
for ($px=$px1; $px<=$px2; $px = $px + 1) {
if ($w!=0) {
$py = $A * sin($w*$px + $f)+ $b + $this->height/2; // y = Asin(ωx+φ) + b
$i = (int) (15/5);
while ($i > 0) {
imagesetpixel($image, $px + $i , $py + $i, imagecolorallocate($image, mt_rand(1,150), mt_rand(1,150), mt_rand(1,150))); // 这里(while)循环画像素点比imagettftext和imagestring用字体大小一次画出（不用这while循环）性能要好很多
$i--;
}
}
}
// 曲线后部分
$A = mt_rand(1, $this->height/2); // 振幅
$f = mt_rand(-$this->height/4, $this->height/4); // X轴方向偏移量
$T = mt_rand($this->height, $this->width*2); // 周期
$w = (2* M_PI)/$T;
$b = $py - $A * sin($w*$px + $f) - $this->height/2;
$px1 = $px2;
$px2 = $this->width;
for ($px=$px1; $px<=$px2; $px=$px+ 1) {
if ($w!=0) {
$py = $A * sin($w*$px + $f)+ $b + $this->height/2; // y = Asin(ωx+φ) + b
$i = (int) (15/5);
while ($i > 0) {
imagesetpixel($image, $px + $i, $py + $i, imagecolorallocate($image, mt_rand(1,150), mt_rand(1,150), mt_rand(1,150)));
$i--;
}
}
}
}
/**
* Renders the CAPTCHA image based on the code using ImageMagick library.
* @param string $code the verification code
* @return string image contents in PNG format.
*/
protected function renderImageByImagick($code)
{
$backColor = $this->transparent ? new \ImagickPixel('transparent') : new \ImagickPixel('#' . str_pad(dechex($this->backColor), 6, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT));
$foreColor = new \ImagickPixel('#' . str_pad(dechex($this->foreColor), 6, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT));
$image = new \Imagick();
$image->newImage($this->width, $this->height, $backColor);
$draw = new \ImagickDraw();
$draw->setFont($this->fontFile);
$draw->setFontSize(30);
$fontMetrics = $image->queryFontMetrics($draw, $code);
$length = strlen($code);
$w = (int) ($fontMetrics['textWidth']) - 8 + $this->offset * ($length - 1);
$h = (int) ($fontMetrics['textHeight']) - 8;
$scale = min(($this->width - $this->padding * 2) / $w, ($this->height - $this->padding * 2) / $h);
$x = 10;
$y = round($this->height * 27 / 40);
for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) {
$draw = new \ImagickDraw();
$draw->setFont($this->fontFile);
$draw->setFontSize((int) (rand(26, 32) * $scale * 0.8));
$draw->setFillColor($foreColor);
$image->annotateImage($draw, $x, $y, rand(-10, 10), $code[$i]);
$fontMetrics = $image->queryFontMetrics($draw, $code[$i]);
$x += (int) ($fontMetrics['textWidth']) + $this->offset;
}
$image->setImageFormat('png');
return $image->getImageBlob();
}
/**
* Sets the HTTP headers needed by image response.
*/
protected function setHttpHeaders()
{
Yii::$app->getResponse()->getHeaders()
->set('Pragma', 'public')
->set('Expires', '0')
->set('Cache-Control', 'must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0')
->set('Content-Transfer-Encoding', 'binary')
->set('Content-type', 'image/png');
}
}
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