一、工具介绍
karma:测试过程管理工具。可以监控文件变化自动执行单元测试,可以缓存测试结果,可以console.log显示测试过程中的变量
mocha:测试框架。提供describe,it,beforeEach等函数管理你的 testcase,后面示例中会看到
chai:BDD(行为驱动开发)和TDD(测试驱动开发)双测试风格的断言库
enzyme:React测试工具,可以类似 jquery 风格的 api 操作react 节点
sinon: 提供 fake 数据, 替换函数调用等功能
二、环境准备
工具安装就是 npm install
,这里就不再详述,主要的配置项目在karma.conf.js中,可以参考这个模板项目 react-redux-starter-kit 。如果项目中用到全局变量,比如jquery, momentjs等,需要在测试环境中全局引入,否则报错,例如,在karma.conf中引入全局变量jQuery:
{
files: [
'./node_modules/jquery/jquery.min.js',
{
pattern: `./tests/test-bundler.js`,
watched: false,
served: true,
included: true
}
]
}
在test-bundler.js中设置全局的变量,包括chai, sinon等:
/* tests/test-bundler.js */
import 'babel-polyfill'
import sinon from 'sinon'
import chai from 'chai'
import sinonChai from 'sinon-chai'
import chaiAsPromised from 'chai-as-promised'
import chaiEnzyme from 'chai-enzyme'
chai.use(sinonChai)
chai.use(chaiAsPromised)
chai.use(chaiEnzyme())
global.chai = chai
global.sinon = sinon
global.expect = chai.expect
global.should = chai.should()
...
三、简单的函数测试
先热身看看简单的函数如何单元测试:
/* helpers/validator.js */
export function checkUsername (name) {
if (name.length === 0 || name.length > 15) {
return '用户名必须为1-15个字'
}
return ''
}
/* tests/helpers/validator.spec.js */
import * as Validators from 'helpers/validator'
describe('helpers/validator', () => {
describe('Function: checkUsername', () => {
it('Should not return error while input foobar.', () => {
expect(Validators.checkUsername('foobar')).to.be.empty
})
it('Should return error while empty.', () => {
expect(Validators.checkUsername('')).to.equal('用户名必须为1-15个字')
})
it('Should return error while more then 15 words.', () => {
expect(Validators.checkUsername('abcdefghijklmnop')).to.equal('用户名必须为1-15个字')
expect(Validators.checkUsername('一二三四五六七八九十一二三四五六')).to.equal('用户名必须为1-15个字')
})
})
})
describe可以多次嵌套使用,更清晰的描述测试功能的结构。执行单元测试: babel-node ./node_modules/karma/bin/karma start build/karma.conf
三、component测试
在 redux 的理念中,react 组件应该分为视觉组件 component 和 高阶组件 container,UI与逻辑分离,更利于测试
。redux 的 example 里,这两种组件一般都分开文件去存放。本人认为,如果视觉组件需要多次复用,应该与container分开来写,但如果基本不复用,或者可以复用的组件已经专门组件化了(下面例子就是),那就没必要分开写,可以写在一个文件里更方便管理,然后通过 export
和 export default
分别输出
/* componets/Register.js */
import React, { Component, PropTypes } from 'react'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
import {
FormGroup,
FormControl,
FormLabel,
FormError,
FormTip,
Button,
TextInput
} from 'componentPath/basic/form'
export class Register extends Component {
render () {
const { register, onChangeUsername, onSubmit } = this.props
<div style={{padding: '50px 130px'}}>
<FormGroup>
<FormLabel>用户名</FormLabel>
<FormControl>
<TextInput width='370px' limit={15} value={register.username} onChange={onChangeUsername} />
<FormTip>请输入用户名</FormTip>
<FormError>{register.usernameError}</FormError>
</FormControl>
</FormGroup>
<FormGroup>
<Button type='primary' onClick={onSubmit}>提交</Button>
</FormGroup>
</div>
}
}
Register.propTypes = {
register: PropTypes.object.isRequired,
onChangeUsername: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
onSubmit: PropTypes.func.isRequired
}
const mapStateToProps = (state) => {
return {
register: state.register
}
}
const mapDispatchToProps = (dispatch) => {
return {
onChangeUsername: name => {
...
},
onSubmit: () => {
...
}
}
}
export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Register)
测试 componet,这里用到 enzyme
和 sinon
:
import React from 'react'
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux'
import { Register } from 'components/Register'
import { shallow } from 'enzyme'
import {
FormGroup,
FormControl,
FormLabel,
FormError,
FormTip,
Dropdown,
Button,
TextInput
} from 'componentPath/basic/form'
describe('rdappmsg/trade_edit/componets/Plan', () => {
let _props, _spies, _wrapper
let register = {
username: '',
usernameError: ''
}
beforeEach(() => {
_spies = {}
_props = {
register,
...bindActionCreators({
onChangeUsername: (_spies.onChangeUsername = sinon.spy()),
onSubmit: (_spies.onSubmit = sinon.spy())
}, _spies.dispatch = sinon.spy())
}
_wrapper = shallow(<Register {..._props} />)
})
it('Should render as a <div>.', () => {
expect(_wrapper.is('div')).to.equal(true)
})
it('Should has two children.', () => {
expect(_wrapper.children()).to.have.length(2);
})
it('Each element of form should be <FormGroup>.', () => {
_wrapper.children().forEach(function (node) {
expect(node.is(FormGroup)).to.equal(true);
})
})
it('Should render username properly.', () => {
expect(_wrapper.find(TextInput).prop('value')).to.be.empty
_wrapper.setProps({register: {...register, username: 'foobar' }})
expect(_wrapper.find(TextInput).prop('value')).to.equal('foobar')
})
it('Should call onChangeUsername.', () => {
_spies.onChangeUsername.should.have.not.been.called
_wrapper.find(TextInput).prop('onChange')('hello')
_spies.dispatch.should.have.been.called
})
})
beforeEach
函数在每个测试用例启动前做一些初始化工作
enzyme shallow
的用法跟 jquery 的dom操作类似,可以通过选择器过滤出想要的节点,可以接受 css 选择器或者react class,如:find('.someClass')
, find(TextInput)
这里用到了 sinon
的spies, 可以观察到函数的调用情况。他还提供stub, mock功能,了解更多请 google
四、action 的测试
先来看一个普通的 action:
/* actions/register.js */
import * as Validator from 'helpers/validator'
export const CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR = 'CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR'
export function checkUsername (name) {
return {
type: CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR,
error: Validator.checkUsername(name)
}
}
普通的 action 就是一个简单的函数,返回一个 object,测试起来跟前面的简单函数例子一样:
/* tests/actions/register.js */
import * as Actions from 'actions/register'
describe('actions/register', () => {
describe('Action: checkUsername', () => {
it('Should export a constant CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR.', () => {
expect(Actions.CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR).to.equal('CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR')
})
it('Should be exported as a function.', () => {
expect(Actions.checkUsername).to.be.a('function')
})
it('Should be return an action.', () => {
const action = Actions.checkUsername('foobar')
expect(action).to.have.property('type', Actions.CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR)
})
it('Should be return an action with error while input empty name.', () => {
const action = Actions.checkUsername('')
expect(action).to.have.property('error').to.not.be.empty
})
})
})
再来看一下异步 action, 这里功能是改变 username 的同时发起检查:
export const CHANGE_USERNAME = 'CHANGE_USERNAME'
export function changeUsername (name) {
return (dispatch) => {
dispatch({
type: CHANGE_USERNAME,
name
})
dispatch(checkUsername(name))
}
}
测试代码:
/* tests/actions/register.js */
import * as Actions from 'actions/register'
describe('actions/register', () => {
let actions
let dispatchSpy
let getStateSpy
beforeEach(function() {
actions = []
dispatchSpy = sinon.spy(action => {
actions.push(action)
})
})
describe('Action: changeUsername', () => {
it('Should export a constant CHANGE_USERNAME.', () => {
expect(Actions.CHANGE_USERNAME).to.equal('CHANGE_USERNAME')
})
it('Should be exported as a function.', () => {
expect(Actions.changeUsername).to.be.a('function')
})
it('Should return a function (is a thunk).', () => {
expect(Actions.changeUsername()).to.be.a('function')
})
it('Should be return an action.', () => {
const action = Actions.checkUsername('foobar')
expect(action).to.have.property('type', Actions.CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR)
})
it('Should call dispatch CHANGE_USERNAME and CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR.', () => {
Actions.changeUsername('hello')(dispatchSpy)
dispatchSpy.should.have.been.calledTwice
expect(actions[0]).to.have.property('type', Actions.CHANGE_USERNAME)
expect(actions[0]).to.have.property('name', 'hello')
expect(actions[1]).to.have.property('type', Actions.CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR)
expect(actions[1]).to.have.property('error', '')
})
})
})
假如现在产品需求变更,要求实时在后台检查 username
的合法性, 就需要用到 ajax 了, 这里假设使用 Jquery 来实现 ajax 请求:
/* actions/register.js */
export const CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR = 'CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR'
export function checkUsername (name) {
return (dispatch) => {
$.get('/check', {username: name}, (msg) => {
dispatch({
type: CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR,
error: msg
})
})
}
}
要测试 ajax 请求,可以用 sinon
的 fake XMLHttpRequest, 不用为了测试改动 action 任何代码:
/* tests/actions/register.js */
import * as Actions from 'actions/register'
describe('actions/register', () => {
let actions
let dispatchSpy
let getStateSpy
let xhr
let requests
beforeEach(function() {
actions = []
dispatchSpy = sinon.spy(action => {
actions.push(action)
})
xhr = sinon.useFakeXMLHttpRequest()
requests = []
xhr.onCreate = function(xhr) {
requests.push(xhr);
};
})
afterEach(function() {
xhr.restore();
});
describe('Action: checkUsername', () => {
it('Should call dispatch CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR.', () => {
Actions.checkUsername('foo@bar')(dispatchSpy)
const body = '不能含有特殊字符'
// 手动设置 ajax response
requests[0].respond(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}, body)
expect(actions[0]).to.have.property('type', Actions. CHANGE_USERNAME_ERROR)
expect(actions[0]).to.have.property('error', '不能含有特殊字符')
})
})
})
五、 reducer 的测试
reducer 就是一个普通函数 (state, action) => newState
, 测试方法参考第三部分
**粗体** _斜体_ [链接](http://example.com) `代码` - 列表 > 引用
。你还可以使用@
来通知其他用户。