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都传闻说 OC 的运行时非常NB,今天就来看看非常有名的Aspects,源码在这

https://github.com/steipete/A...

里面的内容非常简单,其实就2个文件,Aspect.hAspect.m,它使用CategoryNSObject提供了两个额外的方法,API如下:

/// Adds a block of code before/instead/after the current `selector` for a specific class.
///
/// @param block Aspects replicates the type signature of the method being hooked.
/// The first parameter will be `id<AspectInfo>`, followed by all parameters of the method.
/// These parameters are optional and will be filled to match the block signature.
/// You can even use an empty block, or one that simple gets `id<AspectInfo>`.
///
/// @note Hooking static methods is not supported.
/// @return A token which allows to later deregister the aspect.
+ (id<AspectToken>)aspect_hookSelector:(SEL)selector
                      withOptions:(AspectOptions)options
                       usingBlock:(id)block
                            error:(NSError **)error;

/// Adds a block of code before/instead/after the current `selector` for a specific instance.
- (id<AspectToken>)aspect_hookSelector:(SEL)selector
                      withOptions:(AspectOptions)options
                       usingBlock:(id)block
                            error:(NSError **)error;

/// Deregister an aspect.
/// @return YES if deregistration is successful, otherwise NO.
id<AspectToken> aspect = ...;
[aspect remove];

它提供的解决方案就是为一个消息提供一个 before 和 after 的 block 调用,也就是为 OC 提供了 AOP 的能力。
我们知道在 Java 中,实现 AOP 采用的是动态代理的方式,那么在 OC 中的实现,其实就是通过 Swizzle Method 的方式进行啦。

一探究竟

看下 Aspects 到底是如何实现这个功能的

+ (id<AspectToken>)aspect_hookSelector:(SEL)selector
                      withOptions:(AspectOptions)options
                       usingBlock:(id)block
                            error:(NSError **)error {
    return aspect_add((id)self, selector, options, block, error);
}

/// @return A token which allows to later deregister the aspect.
- (id<AspectToken>)aspect_hookSelector:(SEL)selector
                      withOptions:(AspectOptions)options
                       usingBlock:(id)block
                            error:(NSError **)error {
    return aspect_add(self, selector, options, block, error);
}

事实上,不管是静态还是动态方式添加,都是使用aspect_add这个方法,

static id aspect_add(id self, SEL selector, AspectOptions options, id block, NSError **error) {
    NSCParameterAssert(self);
    NSCParameterAssert(selector);
    NSCParameterAssert(block);

    __block AspectIdentifier *identifier = nil;

    // ...
    // 省略加锁的 block 和 权限检查

    // 看 aspect_getContainerForObject 源码可知,使用 lazy load 的方式,为 self 生成一个 AspectsContainer
    AspectsContainer *aspectContainer = aspect_getContainerForObject(self, selector);
    identifier = [AspectIdentifier identifierWithSelector:selector object:self options:options block:block error:error];
    if (identifier) {
        [aspectContainer addAspect:identifier withOptions:options];

        // Modify the class to allow message interception.
        aspect_prepareClassAndHookSelector(self, selector, error);
    }
    return identifier;
}

好了,这里的大头是aspect_prepareClassAndHookSelector

static void aspect_prepareClassAndHookSelector(NSObject *self, SEL selector, NSError **error) {
    NSCParameterAssert(selector);

    // 下面一行代码,是动态生成了一个子类,然后覆盖了原先的 forwardInvocation 消息,这是这里最 magic 的地方,以下会讲到
    Class klass = aspect_hookClass(self, error);
    Method targetMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(klass, selector);
    IMP targetMethodIMP = method_getImplementation(targetMethod);

    // 检查如果目标方法的实现还不是 _objc_msgForward 或者 _objc_msgForward_stret 的话,就进行 hook
    if (!aspect_isMsgForwardIMP(targetMethodIMP)) {
        // Make a method alias for the existing method implementation, it not already copied.
        const char *typeEncoding = method_getTypeEncoding(targetMethod);

        // 给我们需要被取代的 selector 取一个别名
        SEL aliasSelector = aspect_aliasForSelector(selector);
        if (![klass instancesRespondToSelector:aliasSelector]) {

            // 为类增加一个名字为 aliasSelector, 实现为 selector 的消息
            __unused BOOL addedAlias = class_addMethod(klass, aliasSelector, method_getImplementation(targetMethod), typeEncoding);
            NSCAssert(addedAlias, @"Original implementation for %@ is already copied to %@ on %@", NSStringFromSelector(selector), NSStringFromSelector(aliasSelector), klass);
        }

        // 把原先的 selector 方法的实现指向 _objc_msgForward 或 _objc_msgForward_stret。
        // 在先前调用了 aspect_hookClass 里面,hook 了 forwardInvocation,后文会说明
        // We use forwardInvocation to hook in.
        class_replaceMethod(klass, selector, aspect_getMsgForwardIMP(self, selector), typeEncoding);
        AspectLog(@"Aspects: Installed hook for -[%@ %@].", klass, NSStringFromSelector(selector));
    }
}

好了,经过这么多步骤后,我们理清一下思路,如果我们要对@selector(viewDidLoad:)进行 hook

  1. 先创建 subclass, hook @selector(forwardInvocation:),并把当前的对象设置为该类的对象,这样在不污染原类的情况下,实现了forwardInvocation的hook

  2. 为我们的 obj 的目标消息创建一个别名,这里如果是viewDidLoad:的话,那别名就是aspects_viewDidLoad:

  3. 取代目标消息的实现,使用aspect_getMsgForwardIMP来选择是 _objc_msgForward 或是 _objc_msgForward_stret

这样就完成了前置工作,接下来我们简单来讲什么是 _objc_msgForward

Objc 消息转发简介

我们这篇,主要是讲 Aspects 提供的解决方案,所以不会展开阐述 objc runtime 的一些内容,所以先提供参考资料:

http://blog.ibireme.com/2013/...

objc 中发送消息的方式是主要是在 C 层面调用 obj_msgSend 方法,如果找不到消息的实现,它会尝试进行转发,原理是把函数的实现改为 _objc_msgForward,它是一个函数指针

在转发过程中,objc 会把方法签名包装成 Invocation 传入到 forwardInvocation: 里,以下是对博文的引用:

  • Test NSObject initialize

  • Test NSObject new

  • Test NSObject alloc

  • Test NSObject allocWithZone:

  • Test NSObject init

  • Test NSObject performSelector:

  • Test NSObject resolveInstanceMethod:

  • Test NSObject forwardingTargetForSelector:

  • Test NSObject methodSignatureForSelector:

  • Test NSObject class

  • Test NSObject doesNotRecognizeSelector:

结合NSObject文档可以知道,_objc_msgForward 消息转发做了如下几件事:

  1. 调用resolveInstanceMethod:方法,允许用户在此时为该Class动态添加实现。如果有实现了,则调用并返回。如果仍没实现,继续下面的动作。

  2. 调用forwardingTargetForSelector:方法,尝试找到一个能响应该消息的对象。如果获取到,则直接转发给它。如果返回了nil,继续下面的动作。

  3. 调用methodSignatureForSelector:方法,尝试获得一个方法签名。如果获取不到,则直接调用doesNotRecognizeSelector抛出异常。

  4. 调用forwardInvocation:方法,将地3步获取到的方法签名包装成Invocation传入,如何处理就在这里面了。
    上面这4个方法均是模板方法,开发者可以override,由runtime来调用。最常见的实现消息转发,就是重写方法3和4,吞掉一个消息或者代理给其他对象都是没问题的。

经过以上,我们知道了,如果方法的实现是_objc_msgForward的话,那我们的消息就会被包装成Invocation发送到forwardInvocation里去,那么在前面,我们进行subclass的时候,就会forwardInvocation进行了hook,这时候就用到了!
看看 Aspects 是如何做的吧。

偷梁换柱

具体函数在aspect_swizzleForwardInvocation中实现

static NSString *const AspectsForwardInvocationSelectorName = @"__aspects_forwardInvocation:";
static void aspect_swizzleForwardInvocation(Class klass) {
    NSCParameterAssert(klass);
    // If there is no method, replace will act like class_addMethod.
    IMP originalImplementation = class_replaceMethod(klass, @selector(forwardInvocation:), (IMP)__ASPECTS_ARE_BEING_CALLED__, "v@:@");
    if (originalImplementation) {
        class_addMethod(klass, NSSelectorFromString(AspectsForwardInvocationSelectorName), originalImplementation, "v@:@");
    }
    AspectLog(@"Aspects: %@ is now aspect aware.", NSStringFromClass(klass));
}

我们看到,AspectsforwardInvocation的实现换成了__ASPECTS_ARE_BEING_CALLED__这个函数,而原始的forwardInvocation实现的名字就变成了__aspects_forwardInvocation
看看__ASPECTS_ARE_BEING_CALLED__这里干了什么

// This is the swizzled forwardInvocation: method.
static void __ASPECTS_ARE_BEING_CALLED__(__unsafe_unretained NSObject *self, SEL selector, NSInvocation *invocation) {
    NSCParameterAssert(self);
    NSCParameterAssert(invocation);

    // 得到原始 selector
    SEL originalSelector = invocation.selector;
    // 得到原始 selector 的别名(之前被我们添加到类里了),这才是真正的实现
    SEL aliasSelector = aspect_aliasForSelector(invocation.selector);
    // 替换 selector
    invocation.selector = aliasSelector;
    AspectsContainer *objectContainer = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, aliasSelector);
    AspectsContainer *classContainer = aspect_getContainerForClass(object_getClass(self), aliasSelector);
    AspectInfo *info = [[AspectInfo alloc] initWithInstance:self invocation:invocation];
    NSArray *aspectsToRemove = nil;

    // Before hooks.
    aspect_invoke(classContainer.beforeAspects, info);
    aspect_invoke(objectContainer.beforeAspects, info);

    // Instead hooks.
    BOOL respondsToAlias = YES;
    if (objectContainer.insteadAspects.count || classContainer.insteadAspects.count) {
        aspect_invoke(classContainer.insteadAspects, info);
        aspect_invoke(objectContainer.insteadAspects, info);
    }else {
        Class klass = object_getClass(invocation.target);
        do {
            if ((respondsToAlias = [klass instancesRespondToSelector:aliasSelector])) {
                [invocation invoke];
                break;
            }
        }while (!respondsToAlias && (klass = class_getSuperclass(klass)));
    }

    // After hooks.
    aspect_invoke(classContainer.afterAspects, info);
    aspect_invoke(objectContainer.afterAspects, info);

    // 以上就是执行 hook 的具体内容了

    // If no hooks are installed, call original implementation (usually to throw an exception)
    if (!respondsToAlias) {
        // 如果没有执行的话。。那么只好执行默认的 forwardInvocation 了
        invocation.selector = originalSelector;
        SEL originalForwardInvocationSEL = NSSelectorFromString(AspectsForwardInvocationSelectorName);
        if ([self respondsToSelector:originalForwardInvocationSEL]) {
            ((void( *)(id, SEL, NSInvocation *))objc_msgSend)(self, originalForwardInvocationSEL, invocation);
        }else {
            [self doesNotRecognizeSelector:invocation.selector];
        }
    }

    // 做一些额外的清理
    // Remove any hooks that are queued for deregistration.
    [aspectsToRemove makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(remove)];
}

以上就是Aspects hook objc 进行 AOP 全过程,虽然只有短短一千行不到的代码,却提供了很方便的方式进行 AOP,实现也很巧妙。
看完后对 objc runtime 羡慕不已,实在强大!


Gemini
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