本来是不想写这篇文章的,但是很早以前看过的东西容易遗忘,希望还是给自己一个记录吧,另外此篇希望能够写的深入一些。
looper是什么就不介绍了吧,一个线程的消息泵,handler是消息的操作者,messagequeue是消息队列。
我们从源头开始看起,activity里的主ui线程就是ActivityThread mMainThread。这个ActivityThread的main函数会在程序创建的时候被调用,那么看下内部:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ActivityThreadMain");
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
// CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy. We
// disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
// StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);
Environment.initForCurrentUser();
// Set the reporter for event logging in libcore
EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());
// Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);
Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
// End of event ActivityThreadMain.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
首先走了Looper.prepareMainLooper();这个是与普通线程创建looper不同的地方,普通的都是prepare方法调用。那么看看里面:
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}
还是prepare,但是传递的参数是false。在这里表示的是不允许退出。再来就是prepare:
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
存储线程本地对象中一个新的looper。同时可以看到,如果已经存在了这个线程本地对象,那么直接报错,也就是说一个线程只允许一个looper存在。
回到ActivityThread的main,初始化好之后就是sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();这个getHandler里直接返回的是mH,其实就是一个Handler的子类H。这个H是个很长的类,就是定义好的对activity默认相应的各项。
这之后会调用到Looper.loop();进入实质性的工作函数中。
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
try {
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
首先看到在Looper的构造函数里就创建了MessageQueue:
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
那么这个loop函数中就直接取过来用,后面是个死循环,不断的通过queue.next()获取新的消息,并最终调用msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);来处理。至此looper分析完了。下面看看Message的msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);是怎么调用的:
看到message的时候,他的target就是Handler。这下子串上了吧,在looper的loop函数循环中枚举新message,并交给message里的Handler的dispatchMessage函数处理。那么好吧,我们回顾下,在发送message的时候,一般先obtain获取一个消息,我们看看:
public static Message obtain() {
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPool != null) {
Message m = sPool;
sPool = m.next;
m.next = null;
m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
sPoolSize--;
return m;
}
}
return new Message();
}
看起来像链表是吧,每次取得时候将sPool给m,sPool移动到下一个,然后将sPoolSize减一,最后返回m。再看下回收部分:
void recycleUnchecked() {
// Mark the message as in use while it remains in the recycled object pool.
// Clear out all other details.
flags = FLAG_IN_USE;
what = 0;
arg1 = 0;
arg2 = 0;
obj = null;
replyTo = null;
sendingUid = -1;
when = 0;
target = null;
callback = null;
data = null;
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
next = sPool;
sPool = this;
sPoolSize++;
}
}
}
这里将自己赋值给sPool,然后sPoolSize++,看到这里应当明白,其实就是个链表的应用,保证sPool指向的是空闲的message的第一个。
然后呢,应用的时候会调用Handler的sendMessage函数,并且将参数设置为刚才获取到的空闲message,对吧。那么我们看看这个sendMessage,最终会调用到sendMessageAtTime中:
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
这里出现了MessageQueue,然后会走到enqueueMessage:
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
第一句就是msg.target = this;,清楚了吧,这里将message的target赋值为handler自身。那么回到loop这个函数中,会走到msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);这句话,实际上就是在走handler的msg.target.dispatchMessage。再进入到handler中看看这个dispatchMessage:
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
能看到什么?先试图调用message的callback,如果没有则试图调用自身的mCallback的handleMessage,如果还没有,好吧,直接走handleMessage。依次看一下,首先是handleCallback:
private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
message.callback.run();
}
这个callback是个什么呢?可以通过Message的obtain看到:
public static Message obtain(Handler h, Runnable callback) {
Message m = obtain();
m.target = h;
m.callback = callback;
return m;
}
一个runnable,那么这个runnable是何时被赋值的呢?看Handler中:
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
看到了吧,这里在执行post的时候给的runnable就是这个callback。那么再想想,我们在写代码的时候,很多时候都会走一个handler的post或者postDelayed,执行一段代码在主线程中,这个传递进来的runnable就是message的callback了。顺便说下,View里的post也是调用的这个东西。
下面是Handler自身的mCallback了,在构造Handler的时候可以指定一个callback传递进来,这个Callback是这样定义的:
public interface Callback {
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}
指定的话就会走这个标准的回调,否则最后会走Handler的handleMessage,这个才是我们最常用的继承下来的函数。看到了吧,由于loop函数运行在主线程中,因此以上这些都是在主线程中运行的代码。注意,这3个是排他性的,如果前面的可以执行就不会走后面的。
现在比较清楚了吧,整个消息循环是如何运转的。
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