一 npm脚本配置
npm脚本在我们日常工作中用到的还是非常多的,如果大家用webpack作为打包工具的话,相信npm run dev/bulid 之类的命令大家一定都使用的非常多了。那么为什么只需要输入npm run dev就能开启一个虚拟服务器?为什么run build就能构建项目呢?相信有很多同学会和我一样存在着些许疑问。下面我们就来看一看npm run dev/bulid等命令到底是个什么东西?
1.1 package.json
大家如果在项目中使用了npm去下载包的话,项目中一定会有一个npm的管理文件package.json。
打开package.json,你会看到类似如下所示的内容
{
"name": "todolist",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "todolist",
"author": "chirs xiong",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"predev":"echo $npm_package_name",
"dev": "node build/dev-server.js",
"start": "node build/dev-server.js",
"build": "node build/build.js",
"unit": "cross-env BABEL_ENV=test karma start test/unit/karma.conf.js --single-run",
"e2e": "node test/e2e/runner.js",
"test": "npm run unit && npm run e2e",
"lint": "eslint --ext .js,.vue src test/unit/specs test/e2e/specs"
},
"dependencies": {
"animate.css": "^3.5.2",
"element-ui": "^1.3.6",
"font-awesome": "^4.7.0",
"font-awesome-webpack": "0.0.5-beta.2",
"iconate": "^0.2.7",
"less": "^2.7.2",
"less-loader": "^4.0.4",
"particles.js": "^2.0.0",
"style-loader": "^0.18.2",
"vue": "^2.3.3",
"vue-disqus": "^2.0.3",
"vue-router": "^2.3.1"
},
"devDependencies": {
"autoprefixer": "^6.7.2",
"babel-core": "^6.22.1",
"babel-eslint": "^7.1.1",
"babel-loader": "^6.4.1",
"babel-plugin-component": "^0.9.1",
"babel-plugin-istanbul": "^4.1.1",
"babel-plugin-transform-runtime": "^6.22.0",
"babel-preset-env": "^1.3.2",
"babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1",
"babel-preset-stage-2": "^6.22.0",
"babel-register": "^6.22.0",
"chai": "^3.5.0",
"chalk": "^1.1.3",
"chromedriver": "^2.27.2",
"connect-history-api-fallback": "^1.3.0",
"copy-webpack-plugin": "^4.0.1",
"cross-env": "^4.0.0",
"cross-spawn": "^5.0.1",
"css-loader": "^0.28.4",
"eslint": "^3.19.0",
"eslint-config-standard": "^6.2.1",
"eslint-friendly-formatter": "^2.0.7",
"eslint-loader": "^1.7.1",
"eslint-plugin-html": "^2.0.0",
"eslint-plugin-promise": "^3.4.0",
"eslint-plugin-standard": "^2.0.1",
"eventsource-polyfill": "^0.9.6",
"express": "^4.14.1",
"extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^2.0.0",
"file-loader": "^0.11.2",
"friendly-errors-webpack-plugin": "^1.1.3",
"html-webpack-plugin": "^2.28.0",
"http-proxy-middleware": "^0.17.3",
"inject-loader": "^3.0.0",
"karma": "^1.4.1",
"karma-coverage": "^1.1.1",
"karma-mocha": "^1.3.0",
"karma-phantomjs-launcher": "^1.0.2",
"karma-phantomjs-shim": "^1.4.0",
"karma-sinon-chai": "^1.3.1",
"karma-sourcemap-loader": "^0.3.7",
"karma-spec-reporter": "0.0.30",
"karma-webpack": "^2.0.2",
"lolex": "^1.5.2",
"mocha": "^3.2.0",
"nightwatch": "^0.9.12",
"node-sass": "^4.5.3",
"opn": "^4.0.2",
"optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin": "^1.3.0",
"ora": "^1.2.0",
"phantomjs-prebuilt": "^2.1.14",
"rimraf": "^2.6.0",
"sass-loader": "^6.0.6",
"selenium-server": "^3.0.1",
"semver": "^5.3.0",
"shelljs": "^0.7.6",
"sinon": "^2.1.0",
"sinon-chai": "^2.8.0",
"transform-loader": "^0.2.4",
"url-loader": "^0.5.8",
"vue-loader": "^12.1.0",
"vue-style-loader": "^3.0.1",
"vue-template-compiler": "^2.3.3",
"webpack": "^2.6.1",
"webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^2.2.1",
"webpack-dev-middleware": "^1.10.0",
"webpack-hot-middleware": "^2.18.0",
"webpack-merge": "^4.1.0"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">= 4.0.0",
"npm": ">= 3.0.0"
},
"browserslist": [
"> 1%",
"last 2 versions",
"not ie <= 8"
]
}
1.2 scripts脚本
你可以在package.json中看到你项目的基本信息,如名称,项目版本,依赖组件等等。现在大家来看看scripts属性,有没有觉得非常熟悉,我们平时用的dev,start,bulid等都出现在了scripts属性中,而script属性就是npm的脚本。你可以在这里自定义脚本。如下
scripts: {
"mock": "node mock/mock-server.js"
}
像这样定义脚本之后,只要你输入在shell中输入npm run mock 就相当于执行了mock-server.js这个命令
二 总结
其实npm脚本的运行机理就是当你运行npm run时,实际上是默认打开了一个shell窗口,然后输入script中定义的命令。如 npm run mock。其实际上是默认打开了一个shell窗口(当然你看不到),然后在该窗口中输入node mock/mock-server.js,需要注意的一点是npm run默认打开的shell,其路径默认为node_modules的路径,所以如果你想运行node_modules中的内容,路径中不需要加node_modules
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