我们在日常开发中经常遇到布局问题,下面罗列几种常用的css布局方案
话不多说,上代码!
以下所有demo的源码
github:https://github.com/zwwill/css-layout/tree/master/demo-1
链接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1cHBH3g
密码:obkb
居中布局
以下居中布局均以不定宽为前提,定宽情况包含其中
1、水平居中
a) inline-block + text-align
.parent{
text-align: center;
}
.child{
display: inline-block;
}
tips:此方案兼容性较好,可兼容至IE8,对于IE567并不支持inline-block,需要使用css hack进行兼容
b) table + margin
.child{
display: table;
margin: 0 auto;
}
tips:此方案兼容至IE8,可以使用<table/>
代替css写法,兼容性良好
c) absolute + transform
.parent{
position: relative;
height:1.5em;
}
.child{
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
}
tips:此方案兼容至IE9,因为transform兼容性限制,如果.child
为定宽元素,可以使用以下写法,兼容性极佳
.parent{
position: relative;
height:1.5em;
}
.child{
position: absolute;
width:100px;
left: 50%;
margin-left:-50px;
}
d) flex + justify-content
.parent{
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
.child{
margin: 0 auto;
}
tips:flex是一个强大的css,生而为布局,它可以轻松的满足各种居中、对其、平分的布局要求,但由于现浏览器兼容性问题,此方案很少被使用,但是值得期待浏览器兼容性良好但那一天!
2、垂直
a) table-cell + vertial-align
.parent{
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
}
tips:可替换成<table />
布局,兼容性良好
b) absolute + transform
.parent{
position: relative;
}
.child{
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
tips:存在css3兼容问题,定宽兼容性良好
c) flex + align-items
.parent{
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
tips:高版本浏览器兼容,低版本不适用
3、水平垂直
a) inline-block + table-cell + text-align + vertical-align
.parent{
text-align: center;
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.child{
display: inline-block;
}
tips:兼容至IE8
b) absolute + transform
.parent{
position: relative;
}
.child{
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
}
tips:兼容性稍差,兼容IE10以上
c) flex
.parent{
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
tips:兼容差
多列布局
1、一列定宽,一列自适应
a) float + margin
.left{
float: left;
width: 100px;
}
.right{
margin-left: 120px;
}
tips:此方案对于定宽布局比较好,不定宽布局推荐方法b
b) float + overflow
.left{
float: left;
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}
tips:个人常用写法,此方案不管是多列定宽或是不定宽,都可以完美实现,同时可以实现登高布局
c) table
.parent{
display: table; width: 100%;
table-layout: fixed;
}
.left,.right{
display: table-cell;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
d) flex
.parent{
display: flex;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.right{
flex: 1;
}
2、多列定宽,一列自适应
a) float + overflow
.left,.center{
float: left;
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}
b) table
.parent{
display: table; width: 100%;
table-layout: fixed;
}
.left,.center,.right{
display: table-cell;
}
.right{
width: 100px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
c) flex
.parent{
display: flex;
}
.left,.center{
width: 100px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.right{
flex: 1;
}
3、一列不定宽,一列自适应
a) float + overflow
.left{
float: left;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}
.left p{width: 200px;}
b) table
.parent{
display: table; width: 100%;
}
.left,.right{
display: table-cell;
}
.left{
width: 0.1%;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.left p{width:200px;}
c) flex
.parent{
display: flex;
}
.left{
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
flex: 1;
}
.left p{width: 200px;}
4、多列不定宽,一列自适应
a) float + overflow
.left,.center{
float: left;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}
.left p,.center p{
width: 100px;
}
5、等分
a) float + margin
.parent{
margin-left: -20px;
}
.column{
float: left;
width: 25%;
padding-left: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
b) table + margin
.parent-fix{
margin-left: -20px;
}
.parent{
display: table;
width:100%;
table-layout: fixed;
}
.column{
display: table-cell;
padding-left: 20px;
}
c) flex
.parent{
display: flex;
}
.column{
flex: 1;
}
.column+.column{
margin-left:20px;
}
6、等高
a) float + overflow
.parent{
overflow: hidden;
}
.left,.right{
padding-bottom: 9999px;
margin-bottom: -9999px;
}
.left{
float: left; width: 100px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}
b) table
.parent{
display: table;
width: 100%;
}
.left{
display:table-cell;
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
display:table-cell;
}
c) flex
.parent{
display:flex;
width: 100%;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
}
.right{
flex:1;
}
并排等分,单排对齐靠左布局
效果图
flex
.main {
display: flex;
flex-flow: row wrap;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.item {
display: inline-block;
}
.empty{
height: 0;
visibility: hidden;
}
具体详解请见下文
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000011007357
圣杯布局&双飞翼布局
此处仅为代码展示,差别讲解请移驾下文
【方案】圣杯布局&双飞翼布局
圣杯布局
【JsFiddle】
https://jsfiddle.net/zwwill/px57xzp4/
<div class="container">
<div class="header">header</div>
<div class="wrapper clearfix">
<div class="main col">main</div>
<div class="left col">left</div>
<div class="right col">right</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>
.container {width: 500px; margin: 50px auto;}
.wrapper {padding: 0 100px 0 100px;}
.col {position: relative; float: left;}
.header,.footer {height: 50px;}
.main {width: 100%;height: 200px;}
.left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;left: -100px;}
.right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px; right: -100px;}
.clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}
双飞翼布局
ps:
“这不是一样的图嘛?”
“对!就是一样的,因为是解决同一种问题的嘛。”
【JsFiddle】
https://jsfiddle.net/zwwill/5xjyeu9d/
<div class="container">
<div class="header">header</div>
<div class="wrapper clearfix">
<div class="main col">
<div class="main-wrap">main</div>
</div>
<div class="left col">left</div>
<div class="right col">right</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>
.col {float: left;}
.header {height: 50px;}
.main {width: 100%;}
.main-wrap {margin: 0 100px 0 100px;height: 200px;}
.left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;}
.right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px;}
.footer {height: 50px;}
.clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}
无名布局
自己瞎搞的,简单的绝对定位即可解决问题,为啥还要搞什么圣杯和双飞翼
https://jsfiddle.net/zwwill/a...
<div class="header">header</div>
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="main col">
main
</div>
<div class="left col">
left
</div>
<div class="right col">
right
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">footer</div>
.wrapper { position: relative; }
.main { margin:0 100px;}
.left { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0;}
.right { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0;}
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