SpringCloud（第 052 篇）CentOS7 安装 Docker 以及常用操作命令讲解
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一、大致介绍
本章节主要带入大家初步进入 Docker，体验一下docker的安装步骤以及操作命令。二、安装步骤
2.1 Docker环境部署要求
1、Docker 需要运行在 64-bit 的操作系统上并且要求Linux 内核版本不小于 3.10,OS7满足这个要求；
2、其余低版本的可以使用yum update 命令对操作系统内核进行升级!
3、系统内核版本查看命令：uname -r
[root@svr01 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-514.6.2.el7.x86_642.2 yum 命令安装 Docker
[root@svr01 ~]# yum -y install docker
安装完了会看到如下的打印信息：
Installed:
docker.x86_64 2:1.12.6-68.gitec8512b.el7.centos
Dependency Installed:
audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.7.6-3.el7 checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-4.el7
container-selinux.noarch 2:2.33-1.git86f33cd.el7 container-storage-setup.noarch 0:0.8.0-3.git1d27ecf.el7
device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.140-8.el7 device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.140-8.el7
device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0:0.7.0-0.1.rc6.el7 docker-client.x86_64 2:1.12.6-68.gitec8512b.el7.centos
docker-common.x86_64 2:1.12.6-68.gitec8512b.el7.centos libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-13.el7
libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-3.el7 libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7
lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.171-8.el7 lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.171-8.el7
oci-register-machine.x86_64 1:0-3.13.gitcd1e331.el7 oci-systemd-hook.x86_64 1:0.1.14-1.git1ba44c6.el7
oci-umount.x86_64 2:2.3.0-1.git51e7c50.el7 policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-17.1.el7
python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7 setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-1.1.el7
skopeo-containers.x86_64 1:0.1.26-2.dev.git2e8377a.el7.centos yajl.x86_64 0:2.0.4-4.el7
Dependency Updated:
audit.x86_64 0:2.7.6-3.el7 audit-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.6-3.el7 device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.140-8.el7
device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.140-8.el7 libsemanage.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7 policycoreutils.x86_64 0:2.5-17.1.el7
Complete!2.3 检测 Docker 是否安装成功
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon. Is the docker daemon running on this host?
打印该信息说明docker已经安装了，只是没有启动docker而已；2.4 启动 docker 后台服务
[root@svr01 ~]# service docker start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service2.5 查看 docker 的一些相关信息
1、查看镜像列表
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
2、查看运行的镜像列表
[root@svr01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES2.6 测试下载 hello-world 镜像，本地没有的话则会从docker.io的远端镜像库下载
1、下载 hello-world 镜像
[root@svr01 ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/hello-world ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/hello-world
ca4f61b1923c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:be0cd392e45be79ffeffa6b05338b98ebb16c87b255f48e297ec7f98e123905c
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://cloud.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/
2、再次查看 docker 现有的资源：
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 weeks ago 1.848 kB
[root@svr01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES2.7 搜索镜像文件
[root@svr01 ~]# docker search centos
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/centos The official build of CentOS. 3876 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 103 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.9 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.4.1708 x8... 90 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC sessi... 37 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 34 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 34
docker.io docker.io/gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glu... 21 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 17 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3... 14
docker.io docker.io/openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To... 13
docker.io docker.io/centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ... 10
docker.io docker.io/openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use... 7
docker.io docker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima... 6
docker.io docker.io/darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/openshift/ruby-20-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Ruby v2.0 imag... 3
docker.io docker.io/blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/miko2u/centos6 CentOS6 鏃ユ湰瑾炵挵澧 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/openshift/php-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based PHP v5.5 image... 1
docker.io docker.io/pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag nam... 1
docker.io docker.io/pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile... 1
docker.io docker.io/jameseckersall/sonarr-centos Sonarr on CentOS 7 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for us... 0
docker.io docker.io/pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a ... 0
docker.io docker.io/pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated ... 0
docker.io docker.io/smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK]2.8 拉取镜像文件
[root@svr01 ~]# docker pull docker.io/centos2.9 运行刚刚下载的 docker.io/centos 镜像
[root@svr01 ~]# docker run -i -t docker.io/centos /bin/bash
[root@9f053696bedb /]#
1、运行 docker run 命令后会看到已经进入的镜像文件内部，因此会看到 [root@9f053696bedb /]# 这样的命令展示信息。
2、进入镜像随便使用看看
[root@9f053696bedb /]# ls
anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@9f053696bedb /]# cd /home/
[root@9f053696bedb home]# mkdir hmilyylimh
[root@9f053696bedb home]# mkdir -p hmilyylimh/docker
[root@9f053696bedb home]# cd hmilyylimh/docker/
[root@9f053696bedb docker]#
3、退出镜像
[root@9f053696bedb docker]# exit
exit
[root@svr01 ~]#
4、参数说明：
-a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；
-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；
-i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
--name="nginx-lb": 为容器指定一个名称；
--dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；
--dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；
-h "mars": 指定容器的hostname；
-e username="ritchie": 设置环境变量；
--env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量；
--cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": 绑定容器到指定CPU运行；
-m :设置容器使用内存最大值；
--net="bridge": 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型；
--link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器；
--expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口；2.10 在 docker.io/centos 镜像中随便装个东西，举例装个json
[root@svr01 ~]# docker run -i -t docker.io/centos /bin/bash
[root@497905f140a6 /]# gem install json
bash: gem: command not found
[root@497905f140a6 /]# yum install gem
。。。。
Installed:
rubygems.noarch 0:2.0.14.1-30.el7
Dependency Installed:
libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0 ruby.x86_64 0:2.0.0.648-30.el7 ruby-irb.noarch 0:2.0.0.648-30.el7 ruby-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.0.648-30.el7
rubygem-bigdecimal.x86_64 0:1.2.0-30.el7 rubygem-io-console.x86_64 0:0.4.2-30.el7 rubygem-json.x86_64 0:1.7.7-30.el7 rubygem-psych.x86_64 0:2.0.0-30.el7
rubygem-rdoc.noarch 0:4.0.0-30.el7
Complete!
[root@497905f140a6 /]# gem install json
Fetching: json-2.1.0.gem (100%)
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing json:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb
mkmf.rb can't find header files for ruby at /usr/share/include/ruby.h
Gem files will remain installed in /usr/local/share/gems/gems/json-2.1.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/local/share/gems/gems/json-2.1.0/ext/json/ext/generator/gem_make.out2.11 针对已经安装json的docker.io/centos镜像库打包，tag命名为v2
[root@497905f140a6 /]# docker commit -m ="add new image" -a="hmilyylimh" 497905f140a6 docker.io/centos:v2
bash: docker: command not found
[root@497905f140a6 /]# exit
exit
[root@svr01 ~]# docker commit -m ="add new image" -a="HEHUI231" 497905f140a6 docker.io/centos:v2
sha256:11efb35f320cec46c83bc4dcbc184c8d45dcb3e369105251d70e2336fd261c92
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images;
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos v2 11efb35f320c 17 seconds ago 307.5 MB
docker.io/centos latest 3fa822599e10 2 weeks ago 203.5 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 weeks ago 1.848 kB2.12 给刚刚打包的 docker.io/centos:v2 镜像设置镜像标签
[root@svr01 ~]# docker tag 11efb35f320c docker.io/centos:v22
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images;
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos v2 11efb35f320c 36 minutes ago 307.5 MB
docker.io/centos v22 11efb35f320c 36 minutes ago 307.5 MB
docker.io/centos latest 3fa822599e10 2 weeks ago 203.5 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 weeks ago 1.848 kB2.13 删除 docker.io/centos:v2 镜像文件
[root@svr01 ~]# docker rmi docker.io/centos:v22
Untagged: docker.io/centos:v22
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images;
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos v2 11efb35f320c 37 minutes ago 307.5 MB
docker.io/centos latest 3fa822599e10 2 weeks ago 203.5 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 weeks ago 1.848 kB2.14 删除单个已经停止的容器
[root@svr01 ~]# docker rm 47de3399a0ab
47de3399a0ab
[root@svr01 ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES2.15 删除所有已经停止的容器
[root@svr01 ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
ca94bd87299f
43a27d23f3ee
497905f140a6
fb9512c00a84
9f053696bedb
565b5d3e5139
9c2518ba47c8
1abaaef82836
e5b39fc724ab
[root@svr01 ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES2.16 杀掉单个正在执行的容器
[root@svr01 ~]# docker kill 47de3399a0ab
47de3399a0ab
[root@svr01 ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES2.17 杀掉所有正在执行的容器
[root@svr01 ~]# docker kill $(docker ps -q)
ca94bd87299f
43a27d23f3ee
497905f140a6
fb9512c00a84
9f053696bedb
565b5d3e5139
9c2518ba47c8
1abaaef82836
e5b39fc724ab
[root@svr01 ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES2.18 将image文件保存到磁盘目录
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images;
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos v2 11efb35f320c 5 hours ago 307.5 MB
docker.io/frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8 latest 4f03dc990224 12 days ago 170.1 MB
docker.io/centos latest 3fa822599e10 2 weeks ago 203.5 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 weeks ago 1.848 kB
[root@svr01 ~]# docker save 4f03dc990224 > /home/install/alpine-oraclejdk8.tar
[root@svr01 ~]# ls /home/install/
alpine-oraclejdk8.tar hive MySQL-5.6.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar openssl-1.0.2l.tar.gz redis-3.2.9.tar.gz
apache-flume-1.7.0-bin.tar.gz httpd-2.4.26.tar.gz mysql-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar pcre-8.41.tar.gz zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
hadoop memcached-1.4.39.tar.gz nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz php-5.6.31.tar.gz zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz2.19 将磁盘的镜像文件导入到docker中，并且通过 docker tag 修改名称和tag
[root@svr01 ~]# docker load < /home/install/centos-v2.tar
e9613a472968: Loading layer [==================================================>] 105 MB/105 MB
Loaded image ID: sha256:11efb35f320cec46c83bc4dcbc184c8d45dcb3e369105251d70e2336fd261c92
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 11efb35f320c 5 hours ago 307.5 MB
docker.io/frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8 latest 4f03dc990224 12 days ago 170.1 MB
docker.io/centos latest 3fa822599e10 2 weeks ago 203.5 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 weeks ago 1.848 kB
[root@svr01 ~]# docker tag 11efb35f320c docker.io/centos:v2
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos v2 11efb35f320c 5 hours ago 307.5 MB
docker.io/frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8 latest 4f03dc990224 12 days ago 170.1 MB
docker.io/centos latest 3fa822599e10 2 weeks ago 203.5 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 weeks ago 1.848 kB2.20 验证刚刚加载的镜像能否成功运行，能进入的话，并且成功exit则导入成功
[root@svr01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos v2 11efb35f320c 5 hours ago 307.5 MB
docker.io/frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8 latest 4f03dc990224 12 days ago 170.1 MB
docker.io/centos latest 3fa822599e10 2 weeks ago 203.5 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest f2a91732366c 3 weeks ago 1.848 kB
[root@svr01 ~]# docker run -it docker.io/centos:v2
[root@0a87728d1798 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@0a87728d1798 /]# exit
exit
[root@svr01 ~]#三、下载地址
https://gitee.com/ylimhhmily/SpringCloudTutorial.git
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