Spring MVC异步处理简介

Callable<?>

A Callable<?> can be returned when the application wants to produce the return value asynchronously in a thread managed by Spring MVC.

用于异步返回结果，使用的是Spring MVC的AsyncTaskExecutor，Spring MVC使用CallableMethodReturnValueHandler负责处理它。

下面是例子CallableController：

@RestController
public class CallableController {

  @RequestMapping("callable-hello")
  public Callable<String> hello() {
    return () -> new SlowJob("CallableController").doWork();
  }
}

用浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/callable-hello 查看返回结果。

DeferredResult<?>

A DeferredResult<?> can be returned when the application wants to produce the return value from a thread of its own choosing.

用于异步返回结果，使用的是client code自己的thread，Spring MVC使用DeferredResultMethodReturnValueHandler负责处理它。

下面是例子DeferredResultController：

@RestController
public class DeferredResultController {

  @Autowired
  @Qualifier("customExecutorService")
  private ExecutorService executorService;

  @RequestMapping("deferred-result-hello")
  public DeferredResult<String> hello() {
    DeferredResult<String> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<>();
    executorService.submit(() -> {
      try {
        deferredResult.setResult(new SlowJob("DeferredResultController").doWork());
      } catch (Exception e) {
        deferredResult.setErrorResult(e);
      }

    });
    return deferredResult;
  }

}

在这个例子里使用了ExecutorService（见ExecutorServiceConfiguration），你也可以根据实际情况采用别的机制来给DeferredResult.setResult。

用浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/deferred-result-hello 查看返回结果。

ListenableFuture<?> or CompletableFuture<?>/CompletionStage<?>

A ListenableFuture<?> or CompletableFuture<?>/CompletionStage<?> can be returned when the application wants to produce the value from a thread pool submission.

用于异步返回结果，使用client code自己的thread pool，Spring MVC使用DeferredResultMethodReturnValueHandler负责处理它。

下面是例子ListenableFutureController：

@RestController
public class ListenableFutureController {

  @Autowired
  @Qualifier("customExecutorService")
  private ExecutorService executorService;

  @RequestMapping("listenable-future-hello")
  public ListenableFutureTask<String> hello() {

    ListenableFutureTask<String> listenableFutureTask = new ListenableFutureTask<>(
        () -> new SlowJob("ListenableFutureController").doWork());
    executorService.submit(listenableFutureTask);
    return listenableFutureTask;
  }

}

用浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/listenable-future-hello 查看返回结果。

下面是例子CompletionFutureController

@RestController
public class CompletionFutureController {

  @RequestMapping("completable-future-hello")
  public CompletableFuture<String> hello() {

    return CompletableFuture
        .supplyAsync(() -> new SlowJob("CompletionFutureController").doWork());
  }

}

用浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/completable-future-hello 查看返回结果。

ResponseBodyEmitter

A ResponseBodyEmitter can be returned to write multiple objects to the response asynchronously; also supported as the body within a ResponseEntity.

用于异步的写入多个消息，使用的是client code自己的thread，Spring MVC使用ResponseBodyEmitterReturnValueHandler负责处理它。

下面是例子ResponseBodyEmitterController

@RestController
public class ResponseBodyEmitterController {

  @Autowired
  @Qualifier("customExecutorService")
  private ExecutorService executorService;

  @RequestMapping("response-body-emitter-hello")
  public ResponseBodyEmitter hello() {

    ResponseBodyEmitter emitter = new ResponseBodyEmitter();
    executorService.submit(() -> {
      try {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

          String hello = new SlowJob("ResponseBodyEmitterController").doWork();
          emitter.send("Count: " + (i + 1));
          emitter.send("\n");
          emitter.send(hello);
          emitter.send("\n\n");
        }
        emitter.complete();
      } catch (Exception e) {
        emitter.completeWithError(e);
      }

    });

    return emitter;
  }
}

用浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/response-body-emitter-hello 查看返回结果。

SseEmitter

An SseEmitter can be returned to write Server-Sent Events to the response asynchronously; also supported as the body within a ResponseEntity.

作用和ResponseBodyEmitter类似，也是异步的写入多个消息，使用的是client code自己的thread，区别在于它使用的是Server-Sent Events。Spring MVC使用ResponseBodyEmitterReturnValueHandler负责处理它。

下面是例子SseEmitterController

@RestController
public class SseEmitterController {

  @Autowired
  @Qualifier("customExecutorService")
  private ExecutorService executorService;

  @RequestMapping("sse-emitter-hello")
  public ResponseBodyEmitter hello() {

    SseEmitter emitter = new SseEmitter();
    executorService.submit(() -> {
      try {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

          String hello = new SlowJob("SseEmitterController").doWork();
          StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
          sb.append("Count: " + (i + 1)).append(". ").append(hello.replace("\n", ""));
          emitter.send(sb.toString());
        }
        emitter.complete();
      } catch (Exception e) {
        emitter.completeWithError(e);
      }

    });

    return emitter;
  }
}

用浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/sse-emitter-hello 查看返回结果。

StreamingResponseBody

A StreamingResponseBody can be returned to write to the response OutputStream asynchronously; also supported as the body within a ResponseEntity.

用于异步write outputStream，使用的是Spring MVC的AsyncTaskExecutor，Spring MVC使用StreamingResponseBodyReturnValueHandler负责处理它。要注意，Spring MVC并没有使用Servlet 3.1 Async IO（[Read|Write]Listener）。

下面是例子StreamingResponseBodyController

@RestController
public class StreamingResponseBodyController {

  @RequestMapping("streaming-response-body-hello")
  public StreamingResponseBody hello() {

    return outputStream -> {
      String hello = new SlowJob("CallableController").doWork();
      outputStream.write(hello.getBytes());
      outputStream.flush();
    };

  }
}

用浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/streaming-response-body-hello 查看返回结果。

配置MVC Async

AsyncTaskExecutor

Spring MVC执行异步操作需要用到AsyncTaskExecutor，这个可以在用WebMvcConfigurer.configureAsyncSupport方法来提供（相关文档）。
如果不提供，则使用SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor，SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor不使用thread pool，因此推荐提供自定义的AsyncTaskExecutor。

需要注意的是@EnableAsync也需要用到AsyncTaskExecutor，不过Spring MVC和它用的不是同一个。
顺带一提，EnableAsync默认也使用SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor，可以使用AsyncConfigurer.getAsyncExecutor方法来提供一个自定义的AsyncTaskExecutor。

例子见：MvcAsyncTaskExecutorConfigurer。

Interceptors

AsyncHandlerInterceptor，使用WebMvcConfigurer.addInterceptors注册
CallableProcessingInterceptor[Adapter]，使用WebMvcConfigurer.configureAsyncSupport注册
DeferredResultProcessingInterceptor[Adapter]，使用WebMvcConfigurer.configureAsyncSupport注册

官方文档：Intercepting Async Requests

WebAsyncManager

WebAsyncManager是Spring MVC管理async processing的中心类，如果你可以阅读它的源码来更多了解Spring MVC对于async processing的底层机制。

Spring MVC异步处理简介