netty
概念: Netty是由JBOSS提供的一个java开源框架。Netty提供异步的、事件驱动的网络应用程序框架和工具,用以快速开发高性能、高可靠性的网络服务器和客户端程序。
也就是说,Netty 是一个基于NIO的客户、服务器端编程框架,使用Netty 可以确保你快速和简单的开发出一个网络应用,例如实现了某种协议的客户,服务端应用。Netty相当简化和流线化了网络应用的编程开发过程,例如,TCP和UDP的socket服务开发。
新特性
- 处理大容量数据流更简单
- 处理协议编码和单元测试更简单
- I/O超时和idle状态检测
- 应用程序的关闭更简单,更安全
- 更可靠的OutOfMemoryError预防
性能
- 更好的吞吐量,更低的延迟
- 更少的资源消耗
- 最小化不必要的内存拷贝
具体使用见代码及注释
Helloword版
服务端这边绑定了两个端口,可以根据业务区别对待如端口1是做A业务,端2做B业务.
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//1.创建两个线程组 (只有服务器端需要 )
//一个线程组专门用来管理接收客户端的请求连接的
//一个线程组进行网络通信(读写)
EventLoopGroup receiveGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup dealGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
//创建辅助工具类,用于设置服务器通道的一系列配置
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(receiveGroup, dealGroup)//绑定两个线程组
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) //指定NIO的模式
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024) //设置tcp缓冲区
.option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 32*1024) //设置发送缓冲区大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 32*1024) //设置接收缓冲大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true) //保持连接
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
//3 在这里配置具体数据接收方法的处理
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
});
//4 进行绑定
ChannelFuture cf1 = serverBootstrap.bind(8765).sync();
ChannelFuture cf2 = serverBootstrap.bind(8764).sync();
//5 等待关闭
cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync();
cf2.channel().closeFuture().sync();
receiveGroup.shutdownGracefully();
dealGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
服务端处理器:
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("server channel active... ");
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
throws Exception {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "gbk");
System.out.println("Server :" + body );
String response = "进行返回给客户端的响应:" + body ;
//注意使用了writeAndFlush的话就可以不释放ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg); 否则需要释放ByteBuf容器的数据。
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes()));
//.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);//监听,内容传输完毕后就关闭管道
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("读完了");
ctx.flush();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable t)
throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
客户端:
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture cf1 = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();
ChannelFuture cf2 = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8764).sync();
//发送消息
cf1.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("C1:777".getBytes()));
Thread.sleep(1000);
cf1.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("C1:666".getBytes()));
cf2.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("C2:888".getBytes()));
Thread.sleep(2000);
cf1.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("C1:888".getBytes()));
cf2.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("C2:666".getBytes()));
cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync();
cf2.channel().closeFuture().sync();
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
客户端处理器:
public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("客户端的channelActive()方法");
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
try {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(req);
String body = new String(req, "gbk");
System.out.println("Client :" + body );
} finally {
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
}
}
TCP拆包粘包问题
TCP是个“流”协议,所谓流,就是没有界限的一串数据。大家可以想想河里的流水,是连成一片的,其间并没有分界线。TCP底层并不了解上层业务数据的具体含义,它会根据TCP缓冲区的实际情况进行包的划分,所以在业务上认为,一个完整的包可能会被TCP拆分成多个包进行发送,也有可能把多个小的包封装成一个大的数据包发送,这就是所谓的TCP粘包和拆包问题。
通俗意义来说可能是三个数据如'A','B','C' 但经过TCP协议流式传输后成了'AB','C'两个数据了,这种就是粘包了数据包之间粘一起了。那么拆包的话有三种方式。
- 设置每个数据包的大小如200个字节,如果某个数据包不足200个字节可能会出现丢包的情况,即该数据包未从一个端到另一个端,此时需要用空格或者既定的符号补充.
- 在数据包之间使用一些字符进行分割如$号之类的,解析的时候先处理掉分隔符再拿到各个数据包就好了。(一般用的比较多)
- 细粒化数据包分为头和尾(将消息分为消息头和消息尾)
- 其他
两根水管(服务器与客户端)需要相互流通水(数据),那么需要一个转接头(套接字)连接,水流式无法区分一段段的数据,一种方式在流通的过程中设置些标志性物品如记号笔勾一下(分隔符),另一种方式则是设定每一段都是多少容量的水来区分.
使用分隔符解决TCP粘包
可以理解管道流里流的都是ByteBuffer类型的数据,那么使用分隔符(非ByteBuffer类型)的话可能就意味着一个转码与解码的过程。
服务端:
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1 创建2个线程,一个是负责接收客户端的连接。一个是负责进行数据传输的
EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
//2 创建服务器辅助类
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(pGroup, cGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 32*1024)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 32*1024)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
//设置特殊分隔符 解决TCP拆包黏包问题,
ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$".getBytes());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, buf));
//设置字符串形式的解码
sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
});
//4 绑定连接
ChannelFuture cf = b.bind(8765).sync();
//等待服务器监听端口关闭
cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
服务端处理器:
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println(" server channel active... ");
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
String request = (String)msg;
System.out.println("Server channelRead:" + request);
String response = "服务器响应:" + msg + "$";
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(response.getBytes()));
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("channelReadComplete");
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable t) throws Exception {
System.out.println("exceptionCaught");
ctx.close();
}
}
客户端:
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
//
ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$".getBytes());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, buf));
sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();
cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("数据A$".getBytes()));
cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("数据B$".getBytes()));
//等待客户端端口关闭
cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
客户端处理器:
public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("client channel active... ");
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
try {
String response = (String)msg;
System.out.println("Client: " + response);
} finally {
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
}
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("channelReadComplete");
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("exceptionCaught");
ctx.close();
}
}
设置长度大小解决TCP拆包黏包问题
服务端:
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1 创建2个线程,一个是负责接收客户端的连接。一个是负责进行数据传输的
EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
//2 创建服务器辅助类
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(pGroup, cGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 32*1024)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 32*1024)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
//设置定长字符串接收
sc.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(5));
//设置字符串形式的解码
sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
});
//4 绑定连接
ChannelFuture cf = b.bind(8765).sync();
//等待服务器监听端口关闭
cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
客户端:
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
sc.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(5));
sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();
cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("aaaaabbbbb".getBytes()));
cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("ccccccc".getBytes()));
//等待客户端端口关闭
cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
服务端与客户端的处理器参照上例以字符串分割的.
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