系列文章
MySql Binlog初识
MySql Binlog事件介绍篇
MySql Binlog事件数据篇
Mysql通讯协议分析
基于Netty模拟解析Binlog
前言
最近一段时间一直再看mysql binlog相关的内容,也整理了几篇相关的文章,对mysql的事件以及通讯协议在理论上有了一个大概的了解,但是缺少实战;本文的目的就是从实战出发,了解binlog解析的整个过程。
解析思路
把binlog的解析过程大致分为以下几个步骤:
1.服务器启动首先获取上一次解析成功的位置(实例中存储在本地文件中);
2.和mysql服务器建立连接;
3.接受mysql发送来的binlog事件;
4.对不同的binlog事件进行解析;
5.将数据进行存储(实例中仅在日志中打印);
6.存储成功后,定时记录Binaly Log位置。
关于binlog相关的配置可以参考系列文章,里面有详解的介绍,下面对步骤进行详细的介绍;
1.服务器启动首先获取上一次解析成功的位置(实例中存储在本地文件中)
binlog的位置信息存储在文件namePosition,有更新也同样更新到namePosition中,部分代码如下:
public class NamePositionStore {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NamePositionStore.class);
public static final String BINLOG_NAME = "binlogName";
public static final String BINLOG_POSITIION = "binlogPosition";
private static Map<String, String> binlogMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
private static String lineSeparator = (String) System.getProperties().get("line.separator");
private static String localStoreUrl = "namePosition";
static {
loadNamePosition();
}
public static synchronized Map<String, String> loadNamePosition() {
binlogMap = load();
return binlogMap;
}
public static synchronized Map<String, String> getNamePosition() {
return binlogMap;
}
public static synchronized void putNamePosition(String binlogName, long binlogPosition) {
binlogMap.put(BINLOG_NAME, binlogName);
binlogMap.put(BINLOG_POSITIION, binlogPosition + "");
store(binlogMap);
}
public static synchronized void putNamePosition(long binlogPosition) {
binlogMap.put(BINLOG_POSITIION, binlogPosition + "");
store(binlogMap);
}
...以下代码省略,可参考码云完整代码...
}
namePosition中存储了两个字段分别是:binlogName和binlogPosition,这两个字段会在客户端请求mysql binlog的时候需要的参数;
2.和mysql服务器建立连接
在文章Mysql通讯协议分析中可以看到和mysql服务器建立连接的步骤:mysql发送握手包,客户端发送认证包,mysql发送认证的结果;
public class HandshakeHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<DataPackage> {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HandshakeHandler.class);
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, DataPackage pk) throws Exception {
logger.info("Handshake start");
if (null == pk) {
return;
}
ByteBuf msg = (ByteBuf) pk.getContent();
int protocolVersion = msg.readByte();
String serverVersion = ByteUtil.NullTerminatedString(msg);
int threadId = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 4);
logger.info("protocolVersion = " + protocolVersion + ",serverVersion = " + serverVersion + ",threadId = "
+ threadId);
String randomNumber1 = ByteUtil.NullTerminatedString(msg);
msg.readBytes(2);
byte encode = msg.readByte();
msg.readBytes(2);
msg.readBytes(13);
String randomNumber2 = ByteUtil.NullTerminatedString(msg);
logger.info("Handshake end");
AuthenticateDataBean dataBean = new AuthenticateDataBean(encode, randomNumber1 + randomNumber2,
Constants.userName, Constants.password);
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new DataPackage(1, dataBean));
ctx.pipeline().remove(this);
}
}
接受mysql发送的握手包,进行相关的解析工作,其中比较重要的是两个挑战随机数,客户端在认证的时候需要使用随机数对密码加密;解析完之后客户端发送认证数据包(封装在AuthenticateDataBean),具体类信息如下:
public class AuthenticateDataBean implements IDataBean {
/** 认证需要的用户名密码 **/
private String userName;
private String password;
/** 编码和挑战随机数 **/
private byte encode;
private String randomNumber;
...以下代码省略,可参考码云完整代码...
@Override
public byte[] toByteArray() throws Exception {
int clientPower = PowerType.CLIENT_LONG_FLAG | PowerType.CLIENT_PROTOCOL_41
| PowerType.CLIENT_SECURE_CONNECTION;
byte clientPowerBytes[] = ByteUtil.writeInt(clientPower, 4);
int maxLen = 0;
byte maxLenBytes[] = ByteUtil.writeInt(maxLen, 4);
byte encodeBytes[] = ByteUtil.writeInt(encode, 1);
byte zeroBytes[] = ByteUtil.writeInt(0, 23);
byte[] userNameBytes = (userName + "\0").getBytes();
byte[] passwordBytes = "".equals(password) ? new byte[0]
: ByteUtil.passwordCompatibleWithMySQL411(password, randomNumber);
ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.buffer();
byteBuf.writeBytes(clientPowerBytes);
byteBuf.writeBytes(maxLenBytes);
byteBuf.writeBytes(encodeBytes);
byteBuf.writeBytes(zeroBytes);
byteBuf.writeBytes(userNameBytes);
byteBuf.writeByte((byte) passwordBytes.length);
byteBuf.writeBytes(passwordBytes);
return byteBuf.array();
}
}
发送的认证包到服务器之后,客户端会收到认证的结果,具体处理在AuthenticateResultHandler中:
public class AuthenticateResultHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<DataPackage> {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthenticateResultHandler.class);
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, DataPackage dataPackage) throws Exception {
ByteBuf msg = (ByteBuf) dataPackage.getContent();
int mark = msg.readByte();
if (mark == 0) {
Map<String, String> binlongMap = NamePositionStore.getNamePosition();
RequestBinlogDumpDataBean dataBean = new RequestBinlogDumpDataBean(Constants.serverId,
binlongMap.get(NamePositionStore.BINLOG_NAME),
Long.valueOf(binlongMap.get(NamePositionStore.BINLOG_POSITIION)));
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new DataPackage(0, dataBean));
logger.info("Authenticate success:" + ByteUtil.bytesToHexString(msg.array()));
} else {
logger.info("Authenticate fail:" + ByteUtil.bytesToHexString(msg.array()));
}
ctx.pipeline().remove(this);
}
}
如果认证成功,这时候客户端需要发送请求接受binlog的请求,这里面包含两个重要的参数就是binlogName和binlogPosition,具体信息在RequestBinlogDumpDataBean类中,结构类似AuthenticateDataBean,此处省略。
3.接受mysql发送来的binlog事件
服务器收到客户端的binlog请求,这时服务器如果产生了binlog日志,会发送给客户端,客户端需要一个接受binlog事件的类:
public class BinlogEventParseHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<DataPackage> {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BinlogEventParseHandler.class);
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, DataPackage datePackage) throws Exception {
ByteBuf contentBuf = (ByteBuf) datePackage.getContent();
contentBuf.skipBytes(1);
EventHeader header = new EventHeader();
header.setTimestamp(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 4));
header.setTypeCode((byte) ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 1));
header.setServerId(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 4));
header.setEventLen(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 4));
header.setNextPosition(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 4));
header.setFlags(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 2));
logger.info(header.toString());
IEventParser parser = EventParserFactory.getEventParser(header.getTypeCode());
if (parser == null) {
logger.error("不支持的binlog事件类型解析;typeCode = " + header.getTypeCode());
}
parser.parse(contentBuf, header);
if (header.getTypeCode() != EventType.ROTATE_EVENT
&& header.getTypeCode() != EventType.FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT) {
NamePositionStore.putNamePosition(header.getNextPosition());
}
}
}
首先解析事件头包括:eventType,eventLen,nextPosition等信息,然后根据事件类型,调用不同的解析器进行解析;
4.对不同的binlog事件进行解析
步骤3中通过不同的事件类型,获取对应的解析器,这些解析器都在EventParserFactory中,下面以FormatDescriptionEventParser为例
public class FormatDescriptionEventParser implements IEventParser {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FormatDescriptionEventParser.class);
@Override
public void parse(ByteBuf msg, EventHeader eventHeader) {
long binlogVersion = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 2);
String serverVersion = ByteUtil.readFixedLenString(msg, 50);
long timestamp = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 4);
byte headerLength = msg.readByte();
StringBuffer eventTypeFixDataLen = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 27; i++) {
eventTypeFixDataLen.append(msg.readByte() + ",");
}
logger.info("binlogVersion = " + binlogVersion + ",serverVersion = " + serverVersion + ",timestamp = "
+ timestamp + ",headerLength = " + headerLength + ",eventTypeStr = " + eventTypeFixDataLen);
}
}
根据FormatDescriptionEvent的格式读取ByteBuf里面的数据包括:binlog版本,服务器版本,时间戳,事件头长度以及每个Event的fixed part lengths,本次实战中仅仅将解析后的数据打印到日志中,没有做其他处理。
5.将数据进行存储(实例中仅在日志中打印)
本次使用的binlog模式是:STATEMENT,所有所有的sql语句都会发送给客户端,对应的事件是QueryEvent,包括创建表,增删改等操作:
public class QueryEventParser implements IEventParser {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QueryEventParser.class);
private static final int QUERY_EVENT_FIX_LEN = 13;
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public void parse(ByteBuf msg, EventHeader eventHeader) {
long threadId = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 4);
long time = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 4);
int dbNameLen = msg.readByte();
int errorCode = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 2);
int variableLen = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 2);
msg.skipBytes(variableLen);
String dbName = ByteUtil.NullTerminatedString(msg);
String sql = ByteUtil.readFixedLenString(msg, (int) (eventHeader.getEventLen() - variableLen
- EventHeader.EVENT_HEADER_LEN - QUERY_EVENT_FIX_LEN - dbName.getBytes().length - 1));
logger.info("dbName = " + dbName + ",sql = " + sql);
}
}
以上的QueryEventParser解析执行的更新语句,记录了数据库名称和相关的更新sql语句。
6.存储成功后,定时记录Binaly Log位置
在步骤三中的BinlogEventParseHandler类中,我们在解析玩之后,存储了nextPosition信息到文件中,方便下次启动读取,同时binlog还有一个切换binlog文件的事件,同样也需要记录;
public class RotateEventParser implements IEventParser {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RotateEventParser.class);
@Override
public void parse(ByteBuf msg, EventHeader eventHeader) {
long binlogPosition = ByteUtil.readLong(msg, 8);
int variablePartLen = (int) (eventHeader.getEventLen() - EventHeader.EVENT_HEADER_LEN - 8);
byte variablePart[] = new byte[variablePartLen];
msg.readBytes(variablePart);
String binlogName = new String(variablePart);
logger.info("binlogPosition = " + binlogPosition + ",binlogName = " + binlogName);
NamePositionStore.putNamePosition(binlogName, binlogPosition);
}
}
对应的事件是RotateEvent,因为切换成新的binlongName,所有需要同时记录binlongName和binlogPosition。
以上具体代码可以参考:
码云:https://gitee.com/OutOfMemory...
github:https://github.com/ksfzhaohui...
总结
本文旨在让大家更加了解binlog同步的大致过程,所以本文提供的项目没有经过大量的测试,仅供大家学习使用;本项目中参考了一些优秀的开源软件:mysql-binlog-connector-java和MySQL-Binlog
个人博客:codingo.xyz
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