Nginx笔记（一）Nginx安装

环境准备

准备服务器
centos7.2

确保有网络

ping www.baidu.com

确保yum可用

yum list | grep gcc

关闭iptables规则

# 查看iptables规则
iptables -L
# 关闭iptables规则
iptables -F
# 保险起见，再查看下查nat表里是否有规则
iptables -t nat -L
# 有的话，也关闭
iptables -t nat -F

关闭selinux策略

# 查看selinux是否开启
getenforce
# 关闭
setenforce 0

安装基础库

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf pcre pcre-devel make automake

开始安装

访问Nginx官网
http://nginx.org/en/linux_pac...

复制以下yum源

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

服务器上创建nginx的yum源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
vi nginx.repo

# OS/OSRELEASE改成centos/7
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

验证yum源

yum list | grep nginx

...
nginx.x86_64                             1:1.12.2-1.el7_4.ngx           nginx
...

从yum源安装nginx

yum install nginx

验证nginx

nginx -v
# 显示如下
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2

启动Nginx

systemctl start nginx.service

进程确认

ps -aux | grep nginx

root      9384  0.0  0.0  46296   952 ?        Ss   22:30   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx     9386  0.0  0.1  46680  1912 ?        S    22:30   0:00 nginx: worker process
root      9388  0.0  0.0 112648   968 pts/0    R+   22:30   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

访问一下，80默认端口

初始备用目录

cd /opt
mkdir app download logs work backup

备份Nginx配置文件

cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /opt/backup
cp /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /opt/backup

相关说明

查看安装过程都创建了哪些文件/目录

rpm -ql nginx

/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx
/etc/nginx/conf.d
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/modules
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/win-utf
/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
/usr/lib64/nginx
/usr/lib64/nginx/modules
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/check-reload
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/upgrade
/usr/sbin/nginx
/usr/sbin/nginx-debug
/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.12.2
/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.12.2/COPYRIGHT
/usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz
/usr/share/nginx
/usr/share/nginx/html
/usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html
/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/var/cache/nginx
/var/log/nginx

相关文件和目录的说明

路径	类型	作用
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx	配置文件	Nginx日志轮转，用于logrotate服务的日志切割
/etc/nginx /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf	目录、配置文件	Nginx主配置文件
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params /etc/nginx/scgi_params	配置文件	cgi配置相关，fastcgi配置
/etc/nginx/koi-utf /etc/nginx/koi-win /etc/nginx/win-utf	配置文件	编码转换映射文件
/etc/nginx/mime.types	配置文件	设置http协议的Content-Type与扩展名对应关系
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service /etc/sysconfig/nginx /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug	配置文件	(centos7)配置出系统守护进程管理器的管理方式
/usr/lib64/nginx/modules /etc/nginx/modules	目录	nginx模块目录
/usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx-debug	命令	nginx服务的启动终端管理命令
/var/cache/nginx	目录	Nginx的缓存目录
/var/log/nginx	目录	nginx的日志目录

查看安装过程的编译参数

nginx -V

nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'

相关编译参数的说明

编译选项	作用
--prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock	安装目的目录或路径
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp	执行对应模块时nginx所保留的临时文件
--user=nginx --group=nginx	设定Nginx进程启动的用户和用户组
--with-cc-opt=parameters	设置额外的参数将被添加到CFLAGS变量
--with-ld-opt=parameters	设置附加参数，链接系统库
--with-http_sub_status_module	Nginx客户端状态
--with-http_random_index_module	目录中随机选择一个随机主页
--with-http_sub_module	HTTP内容替换