搭建 MongoDB分片（sharding） / 分区 / 集群环境
1. 安装 MongoDB
三台机器
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service | 192.168.252.121 | 192.168.252.122 | 192.168.252.123 |
|---|---|---|
| mongos | mongos | mongos |
| config server | config server | config server |
| shard server1 主节点 | shard server1 副节点 | shard server1 仲裁 |
| shard server2 仲裁 | shard server2 主节点 | shard server2 副节点 |
| shard server3 副节点 | shard server3 仲裁 | shard server3 主节点 |
端口分配：
mongos：20000
config：21000
shard1：27001
shard2：27002
shard3：27003下载并且安装
wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.6.2.tgz
tar -xzvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.6.2.tgz -C /usr/local/所有版本二进制文件,自行下载
https://www.mongodb.org/dl/win32/x86_64-2008plus-ssl?_ga=2.87139544.1567998244.1517190032-1153843332.1517190032&_gac=1.204211492.1517212002.EAIaIQobChMI44v9_9b82AIV1AcqCh0lcABIEAAYASAAEgKI1_D_BwE改名
cd /usr/local/
mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.6.2 mongodb分别在每台机器建立conf、mongos、config、shard1、shard2、shard3六个目录，因为mongos不存储数据，只需要建立日志文件目录即可。
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/conf \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/mongos/log \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/config/data \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/config/log \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/data \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/log \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/data \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/log \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/data \
mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/log配置环境变量
vi /etc/profile
# MongoDB 环境变量内容
export MONGODB_HOME=/usr/local/mongodb
export PATH=$MONGODB_HOME/bin:$PATH使立即生效
source /etc/profile2. config server配置服务器
mongodb3.4以后要求配置服务器也创建副本集，不然集群搭建不成功。
(三台机器)添加配置文件
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/config.conf
## 配置文件内容
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/config/log/configsrv.pid
dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/config/data
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/config/log/congigsrv.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 21000
fork = true
#declare this is a config db of a cluster;
configsvr = true
#副本集名称
replSet = configs
#设置最大连接数
maxConns = 20000启动三台服务器的config server
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/config.conf登录任意一台配置服务器，初始化配置副本集
连接 MongoDB
mongo --port 21000config 变量
config = {
_id : "configs",
members : [
{_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:21000" },
{_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:21000" },
{_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:21000" }
]
}初始化副本集
rs.initiate(config)其中，"_id" : "configs"应与配置文件中配置的 replicaction.replSetName 一致，"members" 中的 "host" 为三个节点的 ip 和 port
响应内容如下
> config = {
... _id : "configs",
... members : [
... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:21000" },
... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:21000" },
... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:21000" }
... ]
... }
{
"_id" : "configs",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.252.121:21000"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.252.122:21000"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.252.123:21000"
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config);
{
"ok" : 1,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1517369899, 1),
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(1517369899, 1),
"electionId" : ObjectId("000000000000000000000000")
},
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1517369899, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
}
}
configs:SECONDARY>此时会发现终端上的输出已经有了变化。
//从单个一个
>
//变成了
configs:SECONDARY>查询状态
configs:SECONDARY> rs.status()3. 配置分片副本集
3.1 设置第一个分片副本集
(三台机器)设置第一个分片副本集
配置文件
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf
#配置文件内容
#——————————————–
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.pid
dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/data
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 27001
fork = true
#副本集名称
replSet = shard1
#declare this is a shard db of a cluster;
shardsvr = true
#设置最大连接数
maxConns = 20000启动三台服务器的shard1 server
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf登陆任意一台服务器，初始化副本集(除了192.168.252.123)
连接 MongoDB
mongo --port 27001使用admin数据库
use admin定义副本集配置
config = {
_id : "shard1",
members : [
{_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27001" },
{_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27001" },
{_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27001" , arbiterOnly: true }
]
}初始化副本集配置
rs.initiate(config)响应内容如下
> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = {
... _id : "shard1",
... members : [
... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27001" },
... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27001" },
... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27001" , arbiterOnly: true }
... ]
... }
{
"_id" : "shard1",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.252.121:27001"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.252.122:27001"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.252.123:27001",
"arbiterOnly" : true
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config)
{ "ok" : 1 }此时会发现终端上的输出已经有了变化。
//从单个一个
>
//变成了
shard1:SECONDARY>查询状态
shard1:SECONDARY> rs.status()3.2 设置第二个分片副本集
设置第二个分片副本集
配置文件
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard2.conf
#配置文件内容
#——————————————–
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/log/shard2.pid
dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/data
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/log/shard2.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 27002
fork = true
#副本集名称
replSet=shard2
#declare this is a shard db of a cluster;
shardsvr = true
#设置最大连接数
maxConns=20000启动三台服务器的shard2 server
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard2.conf连接 MongoDB
mongo --port 27002使用admin数据库
use admin定义副本集配置
config = {
_id : "shard2",
members : [
{_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27002" , arbiterOnly: true },
{_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27002" },
{_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27002" }
]
}初始化副本集配置
rs.initiate(config)响应内容如下
> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = {
... _id : "shard2",
... members : [
... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27002" , arbiterOnly: true },
... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27002" },
... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27002" }
... ]
... }
{
"_id" : "shard2",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.252.121:27002",
"arbiterOnly" : true
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.252.122:27002"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.252.123:27002"
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config)
{ "ok" : 1 }
shard2:SECONDARY> rs.status()3.3 设置第三个分片副本集
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard3.conf
#配置文件内容
#——————————————–
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/log/shard3.pid
dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/data
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/log/shard3.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 27003
fork = true
#副本集名称
replSet=shard3
#declare this is a shard db of a cluster;
shardsvr = true
#设置最大连接数
maxConns=20000启动三台服务器的shard3 server
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard3.conf登陆任意一台服务器，初始化副本集(除了192.168.252.121)
mongo --port 27003使用admin数据库
use admin定义副本集配置
config = {
_id : "shard3",
members : [
{_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27003" },
{_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27003" , arbiterOnly: true},
{_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27003" }
]
}初始化副本集配置
rs.initiate(config)响应内容如下
> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = {
... _id : "shard3",
... members : [
... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27003" },
... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27003" , arbiterOnly: true},
... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27003" }
... ]
... }
{
"_id" : "shard3",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.252.121:27003"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.252.122:27003",
"arbiterOnly" : true
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.252.123:27003"
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config)
{ "ok" : 1 }
shard3:SECONDARY> rs.status()3.4 配置路由服务器 mongos
（三台机器）先启动配置服务器和分片服务器,后启动路由实例启动路由实例:
vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongos.conf
#内容
pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.pid
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.log
logappend = true
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 20000
fork = true
#监听的配置服务器,只能有1个或者3个 configs为配置服务器的副本集名字
configdb = configs/192.168.252.121:21000,192.168.252.122:21000,192.168.252.123:21000
#设置最大连接数
maxConns = 20000启动三台服务器的mongos server
mongos -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongos.conf4. 串联路由服务器
目前搭建了mongodb配置服务器、路由服务器，各个分片服务器，不过应用程序连接到mongos路由服务器并不能使用分片机制，还需要在程序里设置分片配置，让分片生效。
登陆任意一台mongos
mongo --port 20000使用admin数据库
use admin串联路由服务器与分配副本集
sh.addShard("shard1/192.168.252.121:27001,192.168.252.122:27001,192.168.252.123:27001");
sh.addShard("shard2/192.168.252.121:27002,192.168.252.122:27002,192.168.252.123:27002");
sh.addShard("shard3/192.168.252.121:27003,192.168.252.122:27003,192.168.252.123:27003");查看集群状态
sh.status()响应内容如下
mongos> sh.status()
--- Sharding Status ---
sharding version: {
"_id" : 1,
"minCompatibleVersion" : 5,
"currentVersion" : 6,
"clusterId" : ObjectId("5a713a37d56e076f3eb47acf")
}
shards:
{ "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.252.121:27001,192.168.252.122:27001", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.252.122:27002,192.168.252.123:27002", "state" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.252.121:27003,192.168.252.123:27003", "state" : 1 }
active mongoses:
"3.6.2" : 3
autosplit:
Currently enabled: yes
balancer:
Currently enabled: yes
Currently running: no
Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts: 0
Migration Results for the last 24 hours:
No recent migrations
databases:
{ "_id" : "config", "primary" : "config", "partitioned" : true }
mongos> 5. 启用集合分片生效
目前配置服务、路由服务、分片服务、副本集服务都已经串联起来了，但我们的目的是希望插入数据，数据能够自动分片。连接在mongos上，准备让指定的数据库、指定的集合分片生效。
登陆任意一台mongos
mongo --port 20000使用admin数据库
use admin指定testdb分片生效
db.runCommand( { enablesharding :"testdb"});指定数据库里需要分片的集合和片键，哈希id 分片
db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "testdb.table1",key : {"id": "hashed"} } );我们设置testdb的 table1 表需要分片，根据 id 自动分片到 shard1 ，shard2，shard3 上面去。要这样设置是因为不是所有mongodb 的数据库和表 都需要分片！
测试分片配置结果
连接 MongoDB 路由服务
mongo 127.0.0.1:20000切换到 testdb 数据库
use testdb;插入测试数据
for(i=1;i<=100000;i++){db.table1.insert({"id":i,"name":"penglei"})};总条数
db.table1.aggregate([{$group : {_id : "$name", totle : {$sum : 1}}}])查看分片情况如下
- shard1： "count": 33755
- shard2： "count": 33143,
- shard3： "count": 33102
结论数据基本均匀
db.table1.stats();mongos> db.table1.stats();
{
"sharded": true,
"capped": false,
"ns": "testdb.table1",
"count": 100000,
"size": 5200000,
"storageSize": 1519616,
"totalIndexSize": 3530752,
"indexSizes": {
"_id_": 892928,
"id_hashed": 2637824
},
"avgObjSize": 52,
"nindexes": 2,
"nchunks": 6,
"shards": {
"shard1": {
"ns": "testdb.table1",
"size": 1755260,
"count": 33755,
"avgObjSize": 52,
"storageSize": 532480,
"capped": false,
"wiredTiger": {
...省略很多
}
},
"shard2": {
"ns": "testdb.table1",
"size": 1723436,
"count": 33143,
"avgObjSize": 52,
"storageSize": 479232,
"capped": false,
"wiredTiger": {
...省略很多
}
},
"shard3": {
"ns": "testdb.table1",
"size": 1721304,
"count": 33102,
"avgObjSize": 52,
"storageSize": 507904,
"capped": false,
"wiredTiger": {
...省略很多
}
}
},
"ok": 1,
"$clusterTime": {
"clusterTime": Timestamp(1517488062, 350),
"signature": {
"hash": BinData(0, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId": NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime": Timestamp(1517488062, 350)
}
mongos> 分组查看总数量是：100000
mongos> db.table1.aggregate([{$group : {_id : "$name", totle : {$sum : 1}}}])
{ "_id" : "penglei", "totle" : 100000 }
mongos>后期运维
参考
手把手教你 MongoDB 的安装与详细使用（一）
http://www.ymq.io/2018/01/26/MongoDB-1/
手把手教你 MongoDB 的安装与详细使用（二）
http://www.ymq.io/2018/01/29/MongoDB-2/
创建索引
db.table1.createIndex({"name":1})
db.table1.getIndexes()启动
mongodb的启动顺序是，先启动配置服务器，在启动分片，最后启动mongos.
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/config.conf
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard2.conf
mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard3.conf
mongos -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongos.conf启动报错
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 1303
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@node1 ~]# mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 1384删除 mongod.lock
cd /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/data
rm -rf mongod.lock关闭防火墙(不关防火墙也会遇到这样的问题)
systemctl stop firewalld.service 关闭
#debian、ubuntu系统下：
apt-get install psmisc
#centos或、rhel系统下：
yum install psmisc关闭时，直接killall杀掉所有进程
killall mongod
killall mongos参考：
mongodb 3.4 集群搭建：分片+副本集 http://www.ityouknow.com/mongodb/2017/08/05/mongodb-cluster-setup.html
Runoob 教程：http://www.runoob.com/mongodb...
Tutorials 教程：Pointhttps://www.tutorialspoint.co...
MongoDB 官网地址：https://www.mongodb.com
MongoDB 官方英文文档：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual
MongoDB 各平台下载地址：https://www.mongodb.com/downl...
MongoDB 安装 https://docs.mongodb.com/manu...
Contact
- 作者：鹏磊
- 出处：http://www.ymq.io/2018/01/29/MongoDB-2
- Email：admin@souyunku.com
- 版权归作者所有，转载请注明出处
- Wechat：关注公众号，搜云库，专注于开发技术的研究与知识分享
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