这次来了解一下二叉树,以及相应的算法。以下代码并非所有都由本人所写,只是在此分享出来,以便大家学习。

有关javascript算法,数据结构的代码已上传至 javascript算法与数据结构

主要内容:

/**
 *        使用js实现一个二叉树。
 *        Tree        构造函数
 *        traverseDF  深度优先遍历
 *        traverseBF  广度优先遍历
 *        insert      插入
 *        inOrderTraverse中序遍历
 *        preOrderTraverse前序遍历
 *        postOderTraverse后序遍历
 */

声明一棵树:

function Tree () {
    this._root;
}

声明一个节点:

function Node (data) {
    this.data = data;
    this.left = null;
    this.right = null;
}

相关算法:

深度优先遍历

/**
 *    深度优先遍历,先查看左孩子是否存在,若存在,传入recurse递归,
 *    否则,再查看右孩子。若都不存在,对该节点执行callback操作。
 */
Tree.prototype.traverseDF = function (callback) {
  (function recurse (currentNode) {
     if (currentNode.left) {
       recurse(currentNode.left);
     }
     if (currentNode.right) {
       recurse(currentNode.right);
     }
     callback(currentNode);
  })(this._root)
}

宽度优先遍历

/**
 *    宽度优先遍历借助队列来实现。
 */
Tree.prototype.traverseBF = function (callback) {
  var queue = new Queue();
  if (!this._root) {
    console.log('empty tree');
    return;
  }
  queue.enqueue(this._root);
  var currentNode = queue.dequeue();
  while (currentNode) {
    if (currentNode.left) {
      queue.enqueue(currentNode.left);
    }
    if (currentNode.right) {
      queue.enqueue(currentNode.right);
    }
    callback(currentNode);
    currentNode = queue.dequeue();
  }
}

插入树接节点:

/**
 *     插入节点用到了宽度优先遍历的思想
 */

Tree.prototype.insert = function (data) {
    var node = new Node(data);
    var message = {
        success: "Inserted successfully!",
    }
    if (!this._root) {
        this._root = node;
        return;
    }
    var queue = new Queue();
    queue.enqueue(this._root);
    var currentNode = queue.dequeue();
    while (currentNode) {
        if (currentNode.left) {
            queue.enqueue(currentNode.left);
        } else {
            currentNode.left = node;
            console.log(message.success);
            return;
        }
        if (currentNode.right) {
            queue.enqueue(currentNode.right);
        } else {
            currentNode.right = node;
            console.log(message.success);
            return;
        } 
        currentNode = queue.dequeue();
    }
}

中序遍历:

/**
 *     中序遍历
 */
Tree.prototype.forInOrder = function (node) {
    if (node) {
        this.forInOrder(node.left);
        console.log(node.data);
        this.forInOrder(node.right);
    }
}

Tree.prototype.inOrderTraverse = function () {
    this.forInOrder(this._root);
}

中序遍历的非递归算法

/**
 *   借助一个栈,先沿着左子树到叶节点,依次入栈,
 * 再出栈遍历,对该栈顶节点的右子树进行统一的操作
 */

Tree.prototype.inOrder = function (callback) {
  var currentNode = null;
  if (this.root) {
    currentNode = root;
  } else {
    return;
  }
  var stack = [];
  do {
    while (currentNode != null) {
      stack.push(currentNode);
      currentNode = currentNode.left;
    }
    if (!stack.length) {
      stack.pop(currentNode);
      callback(currentNode);
      currentNode = currentNode.right;
    }
  } while (currentNode !== null && stack.length)
}

前序遍历

/**
 *    前序遍历
 */
Tree.prototype.forPreOrder = function (node) {
    if (node) {
        console.log(node.data);
        this.forPreOrder(node.left);
        this.forPreOrder(node.right);
    }
}

Tree.prototype.preOrderTraverse = function () {
    this.forPreOrder(this._root);
}

当然还有前序遍历的非递归算法。

/**
 *  算法关键思想是用栈为右子树预留位置。
 *  可以利用数组作为一个栈。
 */
Tree.prototype.preOrder = function (callback) {
  var currentNode = null;
  if (this.root) {
    currentNode = this.root;
  } else {
    return;
  }
  var stack = [];
  while (currentNode) {
    callback(currentNode);
    if (currentNode.right) {
      stack.push(currentNode.right);
    }
    if (currentNode.left) {
      currentNode = currentNode.left;
    } else {
      currentNode = stack.pop();
    }
  }
}

后序遍历

/**
 *    后序遍历
 */
Tree.prototype.forPostOrder = function (node) {
    if (node) {
        this.forPostOrder(node.left);
        this.forPostOrder(node.right);
        console.log(node.data);
    }
}

Tree.prototype.postOderTraverse = function () {
    this.forPostOrder(this._root);
}

最后给出队列的实现

function Queue () {
    this._oldestIndex = 1;
    this._newestIndex = 1;
    this._storage = {};
}

Queue.prototype.enqueue = function (data) {
    this._storage[this._newestIndex] = data;
    this._newestIndex++;
}

Queue.prototype.dequeue = function () {
    var oldestIndex = this._oldestIndex,
        newestIndex = this._newestIndex,
        deletedData;
    if (oldestIndex !== newestIndex) {
        deletedData = this._storage[oldestIndex];
        delete this._storage[oldestIndex];
        this._oldestIndex++;
        return deletedData;
    }
    return null;
}

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