1. 前言
鉴于VS本身体积的庞大和项目依赖管理方式的不便,所以本文采用Clion通过CMake进行项目结构管理。
2. 准备工作
- Windows 7 + (本文环境为 win7 x64)
- Clion
- MinGW(本文环境 tdm-gcc-5.1.0-3)
- CMake (本文环境 cmake-3.7.2)
- OpenCV(本文环境 opencv-3.4.1)
安装以上软件,基本都是一路 next ,最后做一下系统环境变量的配置(右击我点电脑->属性->高级系统设置->环境变量->系统变量->编辑Path,添加对应软件bin所在目录,中间分号分隔)。最后打开Clion,依次进入Setting->Build,Execution,Deployment->Toolchains,设置编译用工具链:
ps:编译好的OpenCV MSVC版及 MinGW版
-
MSVC版
下载的 OpenCV 文件夹会有:
- build (已编译好的库)
- sources (源码)
使用 MSVC 的话,直接在
build/x64/vc14
里面就有了,配置好路径即可使用
- MinGW版
OpenCV 没有为我们编译好 MinGW 版,所以只能用户自行编译,下面就是介绍 MinGW 版的编译流程以及中间可能遇到的错误的排除
这里有需要的话可以直接下载使用我编译好了的 OpenCV-3.4.1 x64
3. 编译
- 解压OpenCV,然后在解压后source同级目录下创建一个新的mingw-build文件夹用于存放编译后的内容。
(ps:这里如果你之前安装了Anaconda或者Python,请把这两个软件暂时从环境变量中删除,只是删除系统Path中的存在即可,不是卸载软件。原因是后面编译会有冲突)
- 然后这里选择用cmake图形化界面操作,比较直观一些,采用命令行注意下命令参数同理。source和binary目录按如下图选择:
其中:source目录对应你的opencv/sources目录,binary目录就是之前新建的那个mingw-build存放目录
此处需要复制opencv->build->bin下的两个文件:opencv_ffmpegxxx.dll、opencv_ffmpegxxx_64.dll到opencv/sources/3rdparty/ffmpeg/目录下
- 选好目录,点击configure选择选择MinGW Makefiles,如上图所示。
注意:遇见红色之后再次点击Configure(等于是要点两次),等到所有列表变白,没有红色一片的时候才表示成功
- configure成功后点击generate
- 进入刚才创建的mingw-build目录,直接右键Git bash here(如果没装git windows,直接在cmd下进行),然后使用make命令进行编译:
mingw32-make -j2 # 以2线程进行编译,这个数字根据自己硬件合理选择
- 漫长的make到达100%后进行install:
mingw32-make install
-
添加环境变量
- 为系统变量 Path 添加 C:opencvmingw-buildinstallx64mingwbin
- 添加 OpenCV_DIR (注意大小写,部分情况这个可以不加,不过我这里不加Cmake会报找不到OpenCV的错误),变量值为之前编译的build路径:C:opencvmingw-build (实质是告知Cmake 包含OpenCV库文件和include文件配置文件的OpenCVConfig.cmake所在)
4. 调用
至此,OpenCV编译和相关设置已经完成,只需要正常调用即可使用。下面给一个简单摄像头调用示例:
CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
project(detect)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
add_executable(detect main.cpp)
FIND_PACKAGE(OpenCV REQUIRED)
IF (OpenCV_FOUND)
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(detect ${OpenCV_LIBS})
ELSE (OpenCV_FOUND)
MESSAGE(FATAL_ERROR "OpenCV library not found")
ENDIF (OpenCV_FOUND)
main.cpp
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
cv::VideoCapture capture(0);
if (!capture.isOpened()) {
std::cout << "open camera error!" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
cv::Mat frame;
while (1) {
capture >> frame;
if (frame.empty()) {
std::cout << "capture empty frame" << std::endl;
continue;
}
cv::Mat shrink_frame;
cv::resize(frame, shrink_frame,
cv::Size(frame.cols / 2, frame.rows / 2),
0, 0, 3);
cv::imshow("detect", shrink_frame);
int key = cv::waitKey(1);
if (key == 'q') {
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
5. 编译常见错误排除
-
多线程编译错误信息不明确
表现:
如果使用了多线程编译,导致错误,但是错误信息不明确,如:
Makefile:161: recipe for target 'all' failed mingw32-make: *** [all] Error 2
解决:
使用单线程make,以查看详细的错误提示,再根据具体情况解决
mingw32-make
-
RC 错误
表现:
... windres.exe: unknown option -- W ...
或者:
FORMAT is one of rc, res, or coff, and is deduced from the file name extension if not specified. A single file name is an input file. No input-file is stdin, default rc. No output-file is stdout, default rc.
解决:
在 cmake-gui 编译配置中:不勾选 ENABLE PRECOMPILED HEADERS,然后重新Configure-Generate-mingw32-make
-
sprintf instead use StringCbPrintfA or StringCchPrintfA 错误
表现:
...opencv/sources/modules/videoio/src/cap_dshow.cpp... ... 'sprintf_instead_use_StringCbPrintfA_or_StringCchPrintfA' was not declared in this scope ...
解决:
修改E:OpenCV_3.3.1opencvsourcesmodulesvideoiosrccap_dshow.cpp文件,在#include "DShow.h"这行的上面加一行#define NO_DSHOW_STRSAFE,如:
#define NO_DSHOW_STRSAFE #include "DShow.h"
然后重新Configure-Generate-mingw32-make
-
identifier ‘nullptr’ is a keyword in C++11 错误
表现:
D:\opencv-3.4.1\opencv-3.4.1\3rdparty\protobuf\src\google\protobuf\stubs\io_win32.cc:94:3: warning: identifier 'nullptr' is a keyword in C++11 [-Wc++0x-compat] return s == nullptr || *s == 0; D:\opencv-3.4.1\opencv-3.4.1\3rdparty\protobuf\src\google\protobuf\stubs\io_win32.cc: In function 'bool google::protobuf::internal::win32::{anonymous}::null_or_empty(const char_type*)': D:\opencv-3.4.1\opencv-3.4.1\3rdparty\protobuf\src\google\protobuf\stubs\io_win32.cc:94:15: error: 'nullptr' was not declared in this scope return s == nullptr || *s == 0; ^ 3rdparty\protobuf\CMakeFiles\libprotobuf.dir\build.make:412: recipe for target '3rdparty/protobuf/CMakeFiles/libprotobuf.dir/src/google/protobuf/stubs/io_win32.cc.obj' failed mingw32-make[2]: *** [3rdparty/protobuf/CMakeFiles/libprotobuf.dir/src/google/protobuf/stubs/io_win32.cc.obj] Error 1 CMakeFiles\Makefile2:710: recipe for target '3rdparty/protobuf/CMakeFiles/libprotobuf.dir/all' failed mingw32-make[1]: *** [3rdparty/protobuf/CMakeFiles/libprotobuf.dir/all] Error 2 Makefile:161: recipe for target 'all' failed mingw32-make: *** [all] Error 2
解决:
在 cmake-gui 编译配置中:
勾选 ENABLE_CXX11
然后重新Configure-Generate-mingw32-make
-
dnn build error (Assembler messages)
表现:
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccHIQxbw.s: Assembler messages: C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccHIQxbw.s:21800: Error: invalid register for .seh_savexmm ... modules\dnn\CMakeFiles\opencv_dnn.dir\build.make:1741: recipe for target 'modules/dnn/CMakeFiles/opencv_dnn.dir/layers/layers_common.avx512_skx.cpp.obj' failed mingw32-make[2]: *** [modules/dnn/CMakeFiles/opencv_dnn.dir/layers/layers_common.avx512_skx.cpp.obj] Error 1 CMakeFiles\Makefile2:4124: recipe for target 'modules/dnn/CMakeFiles/opencv_dnn.dir/all' failed mingw32-make[1]: *** [modules/dnn/CMakeFiles/opencv_dnn.dir/all] Error 2 Makefile:159: recipe for target 'all' failed mingw32-make: *** [all] Error 2
解决:
在 cmake-gui 编译配置中:
DCPU_DISPATCH 选空白
然后重新Configure-Generate-mingw32-make
(ps:这个错误在最新的OpenCV master分支已修复)
ref:
dnn build error via Mingw64
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