Basics
最简单的导出方法是创建一个自定义的导出类, 这里我们使用发票导出作为示例.
在 App/Exports
下创建一个 InvoicesExport
类
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromCollection;
class InvoicesExport implements FromCollection
{
public function collection()
{
return Invoice::all();
}
}
在控制器中你可以使用如下方式来下载
public function export()
{
return Excel::download(new InvoicesExport, 'invoices.xlsx');
}
或者存储在 s3
磁盘中
public function storeExcel()
{
return Excel::store(new InvoicesExport, 'invoices.xlsx', 's3');
}
依赖注入
如果你的导出需要依赖, 你可以注入导出类
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromCollection;
class InvoicesExport implements FromCollection
{
public function __construct(InvoicesRepository $invoices)
{
$this->invoices = $invoices;
}
public function collection()
{
return $this->invoices->all();
}
}
public function export(Excel $excel, InvoicesExport $export)
{
return $excel->download($export, 'invoices.xlsx');
}
严格的 null 对比
如果你希望 0
在 excel 单元格中就是显示 0, 而不是显示 null
(空单元格), 你可以使用 WithStrictNullComparison
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromCollection;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithStrictNullComparison;
class InvoicesExport implements FromCollection, WithStrictNullComparison
{
public function __construct(InvoicesRepository $invoices)
{
$this->invoices = $invoices;
}
public function collection()
{
return $this->invoices->all();
}
}
Collection 全局定义/宏
这个包提供了 laravel collection 的一些额外的方法(宏) 来简单的下载或者是存储到 excel
把 collection 作为 Excel 下载
(new Collection([[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]]))->downloadExcel(
$filePath,
$writerType = null,
$headings = false
)
在磁盘上存储 collection
(new Collection([[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]]))->storeExcel(
$filePath,
$disk = null,
$writerType = null,
$headings = false
)
在磁盘上存储导出
导出可以存储到任何 Laravel 支持的 文件系统 中
public function storeExcel()
{
// Store on default disk
Excel::store(new InvoicesExport(2018), 'invoices.xlsx');
// Store on a different disk (e.g. s3)
Excel::store(new InvoicesExport(2018), 'invoices.xlsx', 's3');
// Store on a different disk with a defined writer type.
Excel::store(new InvoicesExport(2018), 'invoices.xlsx', 's3', Excel::XLSX);
}
Exportables / 可导出的
在之前的例子中, 我们使用 Excel::download
这个 facade 来开始一个导出.
Laravel-Excel 同样支持 Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable
trait, 来让一个类可以直接导出, 当然, 这个类里边需要有 collection 方法.
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromCollection;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable;
class InvoicesExport implements FromCollection
{
use Exportable;
public function collection()
{
return Invoice::all();
}
}
我们可以不通过 facade 直接进行类的下载
return (new InvoicesExport)->download('invoices.xlsx');
或者是存储到磁盘上.
return (new InvoicesExport)->store('invoices.xlsx', 's3');
Responsable / 可响应的
之前的例子可以做的简单一点, 例如我们添加 Laravel 的 Responsable
到导出类中
namespace App\Exports;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Responsable;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromCollection;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable;
class InvoicesExport implements FromCollection, Responsable
{
use Exportable;
/**
* It's required to define the fileName within
* the export class when making use of Responsable.
*/
private $fileName = 'invoices.xlsx';
public function collection()
{
return Invoice::all();
}
}
你可以更简单的返回导出类,但是不需要调用 ->download()
方法.
return new InvoicesExport();
From Query / 从查询输出
在之前的例子中, 我们在导出类中进行查询, 当然这个解决方案可以用在小的导出类中. 对于更大一点数据的导出类可能造成比较大的性能开销.
通过使用 FromQuery
关系, 我们可以通过预查询一个导出, 这个场景实现的原理是查询可以分块执行.
在 InvoicesExport
类中,添加 FromQuery
关系, 并且添加一个查询, 并且确保不要使用 ->get()
来获取到数据!.
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromQuery;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable;
class InvoicesExport implements FromQuery
{
use Exportable;
public function query()
{
return Invoice::query();
}
}
我们可以通过同样的方式来下载
return (new InvoicesExport)->download('invoices.xlsx');
自定义查询
这种方式可以通过自定义的参数来进行查询. 简单的作为依赖项传入导出类即可.
作为构造器参数
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromQuery;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable;
class InvoicesExport implements FromQuery
{
use Exportable;
public function __construct(int $year)
{
$this->year = $year;
}
public function query()
{
return Invoice::query()->whereYear('created_at', $this->year);
}
}
$year
参数可以传递给导出类.
return (new InvoicesExport(2018))->download('invoices.xlsx');
作为设置项
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromQuery;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable;
class InvoicesExport implements FromQuery
{
use Exportable;
public function forYear(int $year)
{
$this->year = $year;
return $this;
}
public function query()
{
return Invoice::query()->whereYear('created_at', $this->year);
}
}
我们可以通过 forYear
方法来调整年份.
return (new InvoicesExport)->forYear(2018)->download('invoices.xlsx');
通过视图
我们可以通过 blade 视图来创建导出. 通过使用 FromView
关系.
namespace App\Exports;
use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromView;
class InvoicesExport implements FromView
{
public function view(): View
{
return view('exports.invoices', [
'invoices' => Invoice::all()
]);
}
}
这种方式会导出一个 Html 表格到 Excel 单元表, 例如 users.blade.php
:
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach($users as $user)
<tr>
<td>{{ $user->name }}</td>
<td>{{ $user->email }}</td>
</tr>
@endforeach
</tbody>
</table>
队列
如果你处理更大数据量的数据, 很明智的方法就是使用队列来运行.
例如下边的导出类:
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromQuery;
class InvoicesExport implements FromQuery
{
use Exportable;
public function query()
{
return Invoice::query();
}
}
我们只需要调用一个 ->queue()
方法即可.
return (new InvoicesExport)->queue('invoices.xlsx');
后台处理这些查询的方式是通过多任务/多切割的方式来进行. 这些任务使用正确的顺序来执行. 并且保证之前的查询都是正确的.
另一种方式的队列实现
你可以将导出作为一个可以扔到队列中的实现(利用 Laravel), 可以使用 ShouldQueue
约束.
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromQuery;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
class InvoicesExport implements FromQuery, ShouldQueue
{
use Exportable;
public function query()
{
return Invoice::query();
}
}
在控制器中可以调用普通的 ->store()
方法. 基于 ShouldQueue
, 通过 laravel 的队列方式来实现队列处理. [ps:你需要首先自行配置队列]
return (new InvoicesExport)->store('invoices.xlsx');
追加任务 / jobs
queue()
方法返回一个 Laravel 的 PendingDispatch
实例, 这意味着你可以把其他的任务串联起来, 仅仅当前一个任务执行成功的时候, 后续的任务才能够被执行.
return (new InvoicesExport)->queue('invoices.xlsx')->chain([
new NotifyUserOfCompletedExport(request()->user()),
]);
namespace App\Jobs;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
class InvoiceExportCompletedJob implements ShouldQueue
{
use Queueable;
public function handle()
{
// Do something.
}
}
自定义队列
当 PendingDispatch
返回的时候, 我们可以改变我们使用的队列.
return (new InvoicesExport)->queue('invoices.xlsx')->allOnQueue('exports');
多单元表
为了能够让导出支持多单元表, 需要使用 WithMultipleSheets
关系来实现. 这个 sheets()
方法需要返回一个单元表数组.
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithMultipleSheets;
class InvoicesExport implements WithMultipleSheets
{
use Exportable;
protected $year;
public function __construct(int $year)
{
$this->year = $year;
}
/**
* @return array
*/
public function sheets(): array
{
$sheets = [];
for ($month = 1; $month <= 12; $month++) {
$sheets[] = new InvoicesPerMonthSheet($this->year, $month);
}
return $sheets;
}
}
这个 InvoicesPerMonthSheet
可以实现多种关系. 例如 FromQuery
, FromCollection
, ...
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromQuery;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithTitle;
class InvoicesPerMonthSheet implements FromQuery, WithTitle
{
private $month;
private $year;
public function __construct(int $year, int $month)
{
$this->month = $month;
$this->year = $year;
}
/**
* @return Builder
*/
public function query()
{
return Invoice
::query()
->whereYear('created_at', $this->year)
->whereMonth('created_at', $this->month);
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function title(): string
{
return 'Month ' . $this->month;
}
}
以下可以下载 2018 年的所有的发票, 它包含 12 单元表来显示每个月的数据.
public function download()
{
return (new InvoicesExport(2018))->download('invoices.xlsx');
}
数据遍历
遍历行
通过添加 WithMapping
, 你可以遍历添加到单元行中的每一条数据然后并返回.
这种方法你可以控制每一列的数据, 假设你使用 Eloquent 的 query builder.
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromQuery;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithMapping;
class InvoicesExport implements FromQuery, WithMapping
{
/**
* @var Invoice $invoice
*/
public function map($invoice): array
{
return [
$invoice->invoice_number,
Date::dateTimeToExcel($invoice->created_at),
];
}
}
添加表头
可以通过添加一个 WithHeadings
约束来实现. 表头会添加到所有数据的第一行的位置上.
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromQuery;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithHeadings;
class InvoicesExport implements FromQuery, WithHeadings
public function headings(): array
{
return [
'#',
'Date',
];
}
}
格式化列
你可以格式化整列, 通过添加 WithColumnFormatting
, 如果你想更多范围的自定义. 推荐使用 AfterSheet
事件来直接和地城的 Worksheet
类进行交互.
namespace App\Exports;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\Date;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Style\NumberFormat;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithColumnFormatting;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithMapping;
class InvoicesExport implements WithColumnFormatting, WithMapping
{
public function map($invoice): array
{
return [
$invoice->invoice_number,
Date::dateTimeToExcel($invoice->created_at),
$invoice->total
];
}
/**
* @return array
*/
public function columnFormats(): array
{
return [
'B' => NumberFormat::FORMAT_DATE_DDMMYYYY,
'C' => NumberFormat::FORMAT_CURRENCY_EUR_SIMPLE,
];
}
}
日期
当操作日期的时候. 推荐使用 \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\Date::dateTimeToExcel()
来正确的解析你的日期数据.
导出关系
Interface | Explanation |
---|---|
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromCollection |
Use a Laravel Collection to populate the export. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromQuery |
Use an Eloquent query to populate the export. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromView |
Use a (Blade) view to to populate the export. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithTitle |
Set the Workbook or Worksheet title. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithHeadings |
Prepend a heading row. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithMapping |
Format the row before it's written to the file. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithColumnFormatting |
Format certain columns. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithMultipleSheets |
Enable multi-sheet support. Each sheet can have its own concerns (except this one). |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\ShouldAutoSize |
Auto-size the columns in the worksheet. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithStrictNullComparison |
Uses strict comparisions when testing cells for null value. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithEvents |
Register events to hook into the PhpSpreadsheet process. |
Traits
Trait | Explanation |
---|---|
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\Exportable |
Add download/store abilities right on the export class itself. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\RegistersEventListeners |
Auto-register the available event listeners. |
扩展
事件
导出过程有一些事件,你可以利用这些事件与底层类进行交互,以向导出添加自定义行为。
通过使用事件,您可以连接到父包。如果你需要完全控制导出,则不需要使用诸如 "query" 或者 "view" 之类的便利方法。
事件将通过添加 WithEvents
关注来激活。在 registerEvents
方法中,你必须返回一系列事件。Key 是事件的完全限定名(FQN),Value 是可调用的事件监听器。这可以是一个闭包、可调用的数组 或 invokable 类。
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithEvents;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeExport;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeWriting;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeSheet;
class InvoicesExport implements WithEvents
{
/**
* @return array
*/
public function registerEvents(): array
{
return [
// Handle by a closure.
BeforeExport::class => function(BeforeExport $event) {
$event->writer->getProperties()->setCreator('Patrick');
},
// Array callable, refering to a static method.
BeforeWriting::class => [self::class, 'beforeWriting'],
// Using a class with an __invoke method.
BeforeSheet::class => new BeforeSheetHandler()
];
}
public static function beforeWriting(BeforeWriting $event)
{
//
}
}
请注意,使用 Closure
将不可能与队列导出合并,因为PHP不能序列化闭包。在这些情况下,最好使用 RegistersEventListeners
特性。
自动注册事件监听器
通过使用 RegistersEventListeners
trait ,你可以自动注册事件监听器,而不需要使用 registerEvents
。只有在创建方法时,侦听器才会被注册。
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithEvents;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\RegistersEventListeners;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeExport;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeWriting;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeSheet;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\AfterSheet;
class InvoicesExport implements WithEvents
{
use Exportable, RegistersEventListeners;
public static function beforeExport(BeforeExport $event)
{
//
}
public static function beforeWriting(BeforeWriting $event)
{
//
}
public static function beforeSheet(BeforeSheet $event)
{
//
}
public static function afterSheet(AfterSheet $event)
{
//
}
}
可用的事件
Event name | Payload | Explanation |
---|---|---|
Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeExport |
$event->writer : Writer |
Event gets raised at the start of the process. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeWriting |
$event->writer : Writer |
Event gets raised before the download/store starts. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeSheet |
$event->sheet : Sheet |
Event gets raised just after the sheet is created. |
Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\AfterSheet |
$event->sheet : Sheet |
Event gets raised at the end of the sheet process. |
宏
Writer
和 Sheet
都是可以进行宏操作的,这意味着它可以很容易地扩展以满足你的需要。Writer 和 Sheet都有一个 ->getDelegate()
方法,它返回底层的PhpSpreadsheet 类。这将允许你为 PhpSpreadsheets 方法添加快捷方法,而这个方法在这个包中是不可用的。
Writer / 写入
use \Maatwebsite\Excel\Writer;
Writer::macro('setCreator', function (Writer $writer, string $creator) {
$writer->getDelegate()->getProperties()->setCreator($creator);
});
Sheet / 单元表
use \Maatwebsite\Excel\Sheet;
Sheet::macro('setOrientation', function (Sheet $sheet, $orientation) {
$sheet->getDelegate()->getPageSetup()->setOrientation($orientation);
});
你还可以为样式单元添加一些快捷方法。你可以自由使用这个宏,或者创造你自己的语法!
use \Maatwebsite\Excel\Sheet;
Sheet::macro('styleCells', function (Sheet $sheet, string $cellRange, array style) {
$sheet->getDelegate()->getStyle($cellRange)->applyFromArray($style);
});
以上例子可作:
namespace App\Exports;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithEvents;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\BeforeExport;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Events\AfterSheet;
class InvoicesExport implements WithEvents
{
/**
* @return array
*/
public function registerEvents(): array
{
return [
BeforeExport::class => function(BeforeExport $event) {
$event->writer->setCreator('Patrick');
},
AfterSheet::class => function(AfterSheet $event) {
$event->sheet->setOrientation(\PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Worksheet\PageSetup::ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
$event->sheet->styleCells(
'B2:G8',
[
'borders' => [
'outline' => [
'borderStyle' => \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Style\Border::BORDER_THICK,
'color' => ['argb' => 'FFFF0000'],
],
]
]
);
},
];
}
}
对于 PhpSpreadsheet 方法, 可查看文档: https://phpspreadsheet.readthedocs.io/
测试 / Testing
The Excel facade can be used to swap the exporter to a fake.
测试下载
/**
* @test
*/
public function user_can_download_invoices_export()
{
Excel::fake();
$this->actingAs($this->givenUser())
->get('/invoices/download/xlsx');
Excel::assertDownloaded('filename.xlsx', function(InvoicesExport $export) {
// Assert that the correct export is downloaded.
return $export->collection()->contains('#2018-01');
});
}
测试存储导出
/**
* @test
*/
public function user_can_store_invoices_export()
{
Excel::fake();
$this->actingAs($this->givenUser())
->get('/invoices/store/xlsx');
Excel::assertStored('filename.xlsx', 'diskName');
Excel::assertStored('filename.xlsx', 'diskName', function(InvoicesExport $export) {
return true;
});
// When passing the callback as 2nd param, the disk will be the default disk.
Excel::assertStored('filename.xlsx', function(InvoicesExport $export) {
return true;
});
}
测试队列导出
/**
* @test
*/
public function user_can_queue_invoices_export()
{
Excel::fake();
$this->actingAs($this->givenUser())
->get('/invoices/queue/xlsx');
Excel::assertQueued('filename.xlsx', 'diskName');
Excel::assertQueued('filename.xlsx', 'diskName', function(InvoicesExport $export) {
return true;
});
// When passing the callback as 2nd param, the disk will be the default disk.
Excel::assertQueued('filename.xlsx', function(InvoicesExport $export) {
return true;
});
}
**粗体** _斜体_ [链接](http://example.com) `代码` - 列表 > 引用
。你还可以使用@
来通知其他用户。