springmvc简介
springmvc和众多其他web框架一样，它基于MVC的设计理念，此外，它采用可松散耦合可插拔组件结构，比其他MVC框架更具扩展性和灵活性。
springmvc通过一套MVC注解，让POJO成为处理请求的控制器，无需实现任何接口，同时，springmvc还支持REST风格的URL请求。
springmvc框架围绕DispatcherServlet核心展开，DispatcherServlet是springMVC框架的总导演，总策划，它负责截获请求并将其分派给相应的处理器处理。
springmvc属于spring体系中servlet一部分。
springmvc的执行流程
1、用户发起请求到控制器 DispatcherServlet(前端控制器)
2、前端控制器去handlerMapper查找Handler对象
3、HandlerMapper返回HandlerExecutorChain 执行链（包含两部分内容：Handler ,拦截器集合）
4、前端控制器，通过HandlerAdapter 适配器执行 Handler对象
5、Handler处理具体的业务逻辑
6、Handler处理完业务逻辑之后，返回ModelAndView 其中的View是视图名称
7、将ModelAndView返回前端控制器
8、前端控制器，通过ModelAndView 中的视图名称。在视图解析器中查找视图
9、返回真正的View 视图对象
10、渲染视图
11、返回用户响应
快速搭建springmvc
利用maven搭建springmvc
1 . 父工程的pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>ouhei</groupId>
<artifactId>ouhei-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!-- 集中定义依赖版本号 -->
<properties>
<junit.version>4.10</junit.version>
<spring.version>4.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
<mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version>
<mybatis.spring.version>1.2.2</mybatis.spring.version>
<mybatis.paginator.version>1.2.15</mybatis.paginator.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.32</mysql.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.4</slf4j.version>
<jackson.version>2.4.2</jackson.version>
<druid.version>1.0.9</druid.version>
<httpclient.version>4.3.5</httpclient.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<servlet-api.version>2.5</servlet-api.version>
<jsp-api.version>2.0</jsp-api.version>
<joda-time.version>2.5</joda-time.version>
<commons-lang3.version>3.3.2</commons-lang3.version>
<commons-io.version>1.3.2</commons-io.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 分页助手 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
<artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
<version>3.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.jsqlparser</groupId>
<artifactId>jsqlparser</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 通用Mapper -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.abel533</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySql -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Jackson Json处理工具包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.jolbox</groupId>
<artifactId>bonecp-spring</artifactId>
<version>0.8.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- httpclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>${httpclient.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSP相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${jsp-api.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 时间操作组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
<version>${joda-time.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Apache工具组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>${commons-io.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<!-- 资源文件拷贝插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
<configuration>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- java编译插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<!-- 配置Tomcat插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>2 . 创建一个maven工程，导入依赖,pom.xml如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>ouhei</groupId>
<artifactId>ouhei-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<groupId>ouhei</groupId>
<artifactId>springMVC</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<!-- mvc的依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Jackson Json处理工具包 springmvc 处理json数据的 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- jsp相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 资源文件拷贝插件 -->
<!-- 配置Tomcat插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<port>8080</port>
<path>/</path>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>3 . 配置web.xml中的DispatcherServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!-- 注册springmvc核心控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 通知DispatcherServlet去指定的目录下加载springmvc.xml配置文件 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--tomcat启动时，加载servlet -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 注册spring提供的针对POST请求的中文乱码问题 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>4 . 添加springmvc-servlet.xml
在默认情况下：springmvc框架的配置文件必须叫<servlet-name>-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 控制器(程序员) -->
<bean name="/hello.action"
class="cn.ouhei.mvc.controller.HelloAction"></bean>
<!-- 映射器(框架) -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!-- 适配器(框架) -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!-- 视图解析器(框架) -->
<!-- Example: prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/", suffix=".jsp", viewname="test" ->
"/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp" -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
5 . Action实现Controller接口
package cn.ouhei.mvc.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class HelloAction implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest requqest,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("message","这是我的第一个springmvc应用程序");
modelAndView.setViewName("success");
return modelAndView;
}
}6 . 建立一个success.jsp
7 . 配置tomcat
8 . 在浏览器输入 http://localhost:8080/hello.action
java
**粗体** _斜体_ [链接](http://example.com) `代码` - 列表 > 引用。你还可以使用@来通知其他用户。