laravel使用中遇到的问题

又有一段时间没有学习了!迷茫，除了迷茫还是在迷茫！最近，公司接了一个laravel的项目，可惜没有phper，于是开始学习laravel，现在的情况就是还没学会走路就要开始跑了，所以遇到坑会摔得很痛！

安装出现的问题

1. 安装步骤(5.3.*)

                   
    composer global require "laravel/installer" 
    composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog "5.3.*"

2. 出现的问题

   ①无法安装composer依赖

   报错: php.ini 缺少mbstring

     laravel/framework v5.4.9 requires ext-mbstring * -> the requested PHP extension mbstring is missing from your system.
   

   解决: 放开注释extension=php_mbstring.dll

   ②php artisan ser能运行但页面报错

   报错: The only supported ciphers are AES-128-CBC and AES-256-CBC

   解决: 先运行这个命令

     
     php artisan key:generate
   

   再运行

     php artisan config:clear
   

   ③同事安装php出现的问题:php.ini启用openssl时报错openssl.dll找不到

   错误显示他的配置默认去C:/php/ext/下去找openssl.dll文件
   解决: 他开的是虚拟机，修改extension_dir = "./" 路径为绝对路径

   ④本地运行时post请求报错

   报错:

     TokenMismatchException in VerifyCsrfToken.php line 68:
     in VerifyCsrfToken.php line 68
     at VerifyCsrfToken->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php        line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       ShareErrorsFromSession.php line 49
     at ShareErrorsFromSession->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in      Pipeline.php line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in StartSession.php      line 64
     at StartSession->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php line      137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       AddQueuedCookiesToResponse.php line 37
     at AddQueuedCookiesToResponse->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in      Pipeline.php line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       EncryptCookies.php line 59
     at EncryptCookies->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php         line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php line         104
     at Pipeline->then(object(Closure)) in Router.php line 655
     at Router->runRouteWithinStack(object(Route), object(Request)) in Router.php        line 629
     at Router->dispatchToRoute(object(Request)) in Router.php line 607
     at Router->dispatch(object(Request)) in Kernel.php line 268
     at Kernel->Illuminate\Foundation\Http\{closure}(object(Request)) in         Pipeline.php line 53
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       EnableCrossRequestMiddleware.php line 19
     at EnableCrossRequestMiddleware->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in        Pipeline.php line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in       CheckForMaintenanceMode.php line 46
     at CheckForMaintenanceMode->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in         Pipeline.php line 137
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php         line 33
     at Pipeline->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request)) in Pipeline.php line         104
     at Pipeline->then(object(Closure)) in Kernel.php line 150
     at Kernel->sendRequestThroughRouter(object(Request)) in Kernel.php line 117
     at Kernel->handle(object(Request)) in index.php line 54
     at require_once('E:\phpStudy\WWW\mylaravel\blog\public\index.php') in       server.php line 21

   原因：laravel为了防止跨站脚本攻击(CSRF),会自动为每个活跃用户的会话生成一个 CSRF「令牌」。该令牌用于验证经过身份验证的用户是否是向应用程序发出请求的用户。
   解决：在app/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken中放行需要访问的地址。如

     protected $except = [
         //
         /*,
         /wechat,
     ];

   ⑤遇到跨域问题(laravel跨域))

   • 运行命令

        php artisan make:middleware EnableCrossRequestMiddleware
     

     自动在app/Http/Middleware下生成一个EnableCrossRequestMiddleware.php

       
        <?php
     
        namespace App\Http\Middleware;
     
        use Closure;
     
        class EnableCrossRequestMiddleware
        {
            /**
             * Handle an incoming request
             * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
             * @param  \Closure  $next
             * @return mixed
                 */
                public function handle($request, Closure $next)
                {
                    return $next($request);
                }

            }
                
   

增加中间件内容

        <?php
        namespace App\Http\Middleware;
        use Closure;
        class EnableCrossRequestMiddleware
        {
            /**
             * Handle an incoming request.
             *
             * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
             * @param  \Closure $next
             * @return mixed
             */
            public function handle($request, Closure $next)
            {
                $response = $next($request);
                $origin = $request->server('HTTP_ORIGIN') ? $request->server               ('HTTP_ORIGIN') : '';
                $allow_origin = [
                    'http://localhost:8000', // 允许跨域的列表了，可自行修改
                ];
                if (in_array($origin, $allow_origin)) {
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', $origin);
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'Origin,             Content-Type, Cookie, X-CSRF-TOKEN, Accept, Authorization,             X-XSRF-TOKEN');
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Expose-Headers', 'Authorization,             authenticated');
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'GET, POST, PATCH,                PUT, OPTIONS');
                    $response->header('Access-Control-Allow-Credentials', 'true');
                }
                return $response;
            }
        }

    在内核文件注册该中间件(在 App\Http\Kernel 类的 $middleware 属性添加，这里注册的中间件属于全局中间件)

            protected $middleware = [
                // more
                \App\Http\Middleware\EnableCrossRequestMiddleware::class,
            ];

⑥composer安装报错

报错：win7下使用命令行安装的composer使用时莫名其妙报错

[JsonSchema\Exception\ResourceNotFoundException] file_get_contents(file://): failed to open stream: No such file or directory

解决：下载Composer-Setup.exe，重新安装composer