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一、定义

Producer-Consumer Pattern就是生产者-消费者模式。
生产者和消费者在为不同的处理线程,生产者必须将数据安全地交给消费者,消费者进行消费时,如果生产者还没有建立数据,则消费者需要等待。
一般来说,可能存在多个生产者和消费者,不过也有可能生产者和消费者都只有一个,当双方都只有一个时,我们也称之为Pipe Pattern

二、模式案例

该案例中,定义了3个角色:厨师、客人、桌子。

厨师(生产者)定义:

public class MakerThread extends Thread {
    private final Random random;
    private final Table table;
    private static int id = 0;     //蛋糕的流水号(所有厨师共通)
    public MakerThread(String name, Table table, long seed) {
        super(name);
        this.table = table;
        this.random = new Random(seed);
    }
    public void run() {
        try {
            while (true) {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
                String cake = "[ Cake No." + nextId() + " by " + getName() + " ]";
                table.put(cake);
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
    }
    private static synchronized int nextId() {
        return id++;
    }
}

客人(消费者)定义:

public class EaterThread extends Thread {
    private final Random random;
    private final Table table;
    public EaterThread(String name, Table table, long seed) {
        super(name);
        this.table = table;
        this.random = new Random(seed);
    }
    public void run() {
        try {
            while (true) {
                String cake = table.take();
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
    }
}

桌子(队列)定义:

public class Table {
    private final String[] buffer;
    private int tail;
    private int head;
    private int count;
 
    public Table(int count) {
        this.buffer = new String[count];
        this.head = 0;
        this.tail = 0;
        this.count = 0;
    }
    public synchronized void put(String cake) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " puts " + cake);
        while (count >= buffer.length) {
            wait();
        }
        buffer[tail] = cake;
        tail = (tail + 1) % buffer.length;
        count++;
        notifyAll();
    }
    public synchronized String take() throws InterruptedException {
        while (count <= 0) {
            wait();
        }
        String cake = buffer[head];
        head = (head + 1) % buffer.length;
        count--;
        notifyAll();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " takes " + cake);
        return cake;
    }
}

执行:

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Table table = new Table(3);
        new MakerThread("MakerThread-1", table, 31415).start();
        new MakerThread("MakerThread-2", table, 92653).start();
        new MakerThread("MakerThread-3", table, 58979).start();
        new EaterThread("EaterThread-1", table, 32384).start();
        new EaterThread("EaterThread-2", table, 62643).start();
        new EaterThread("EaterThread-3", table, 38327).start();
    }
}

三、模式讲解

Producer-Consumer模式的角色如下:

  • Data(数据)参与者

Data代表了实际生产或消费的数据。

  • Producer(生产者)参与者

Producer会创建Data,然后传递给Channel参与者。

  • Consumer(消费者)参与者

Consumer从Channel参与者获取Data数据,进行处理。

  • Channel(通道)参与者

Channel从Producer参与者处接受Data参与者,并保管起来,并应Consumer参与者的要求,将Data参与者传送出去。为确保安全性,Producer参与者与Consumer参与者要对访问共享互斥。


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