title: 我要学好分布式-RMI通信框架
date: 2018-07-26 19:28:30

tags: [技术,我要学好分布式]

分布式框架是最近几年的热门。可是要想理解分布式框架着实不易,为了努力跟上时代潮流,特此开了一个专题,起名“我要学好分布式”,通过博客来分享一下我的学习过程,加深我对分布式整体框架的理解。

想要解锁更多新姿势?请访问我的博客

什么是RPC

英文就不说了。中文名远程进程调用协议。顾名思义,客户端在不知道细节的情况下,可以调用远程计算机的api,就像是调用本地方法一样。

RPC协议是一个规范。主流的PRC协议有DubboThrifRMIWebserviceHessain

他又一个非常大的特点,网络协议和网络IO对于调用端和服务端来说是透明的(动态代理)

一个RPC框架包含的要素:

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RMI

RMI(remote method invocation)  , 可以认为是RPC的java版本

RMI使用的是JRMP(Java Remote Messageing Protocol), JRMP是专门为java定制的通信协议,所以他是纯java的分布式解决方案 。注意,这个RMI已经老旧过时了。

RMI Demo

  1. 先写个测试用的远程接口,注意接口要抛异常
public interface ISayHello extends Remote {
    public String satHello(String name) throws RemoteException;
}

​ 2.实现远程接口,并且继承:UnicastRemoteObject

public class SayHelloImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements ISayHello{

    protected SayHelloImpl() throws RemoteException {
    }

    public String satHello(String name) throws RemoteException {
        return "hello," + name;
    }
}

​ 3.创建服务器程序: createRegistry方法注册远程对象

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.rmi.AlreadyBoundException;
import java.rmi.Naming;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;

public class HelloServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            ISayHello sayHello =new SayHelloImpl();
            LocateRegistry.createRegistry(8888);
            Naming.bind("rmi://localhost:8888/sayhello",sayHello);
            System.out.println("server start success");
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (AlreadyBoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

​ 4.创建客户端程序

public class HelloClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            ISayHello iSayHello = (ISayHello) Naming.lookup("rmi://localhost:8888/sayhello");
            System.out.println("hello");
        } catch (NotBoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

RMI调用过程

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流程:

1.去注册中心注册,server端启动服务。

2.注册中心联系stub(存根)。stub用于客户端 ,在j2ee中是这么说的:为屏蔽客户调用远程主机上的对象,必须提供某种方式来模拟本地对象,这种本地对象称为存根(stub),存根负责接收本地方法调用,并将它们委派给各自的具体实现对象

3.server注册对象,然后返回注册对象

4.客户端访问注册中心,(动态代理)返回stub对象

5.stub(存根)远程调用skeleton (骨架 )

6.skeleton 调用相应接口

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源码

让我看看核心的注册服务的源码实现

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public RegistryImpl(final int var1) throws RemoteException {
        this.bindings = new Hashtable(101);
        //安全认证
        if (var1 == 1099 && System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
            try {
                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Void>() {
                    public Void run() throws RemoteException {
                        LiveRef var1x = new LiveRef(RegistryImpl.id, var1);
                        RegistryImpl.this.setup(new UnicastServerRef(var1x, (var0) -> {
                            return RegistryImpl.registryFilter(var0);
                        }));
                        return null;
                    }
                }, (AccessControlContext)null, new SocketPermission("localhost:" + var1, "listen,accept"));
            } catch (PrivilegedActionException var3) {
                throw (RemoteException)var3.getException();
            }
        } else {
            //初始化远程引用UnicastServerRef对象
            LiveRef var2 = new LiveRef(id, var1);//《--------------------------
            this.setup(new UnicastServerRef(var2, RegistryImpl::registryFilter));
        }

    }

点进UnicastServerRef,找出实现的关系~

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点进setup方法,用idea反编码

public Remote exportObject(Remote var1, Object var2, boolean var3) throws RemoteException {
        Class var4 = var1.getClass();

        Remote var5;
        try {
            var5 = Util.createProxy(var4, this.getClientRef(), this.forceStubUse);//《--------------------
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException var7) {
            throw new ExportException("remote object implements illegal remote interface", var7);
        }

        if (var5 instanceof RemoteStub) {//《--------------------------
            this.setSkeleton(var1);
        }

        Target var6 = new Target(var1, this, var5, this.ref.getObjID(), var3);//《------------------------
        this.ref.exportObject(var6);
        this.hashToMethod_Map = (Map)hashToMethod_Maps.get(var4);
        return var5;
    }

发现在创建代理,判断当前的var是不是远程stub,如果是就设置骨架。如果不是,就构建target对象。点开代理

public static Remote createProxy(Class<?> var0, RemoteRef var1, boolean var2) throws StubNotFoundException {
        Class var3;
        try {
            var3 = getRemoteClass(var0);//《--------------------------
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException var9) {
            throw new StubNotFoundException("object does not implement a remote interface: " + var0.getName());
        }

        if (var2 || !ignoreStubClasses && stubClassExists(var3)) {
            return createStub(var3, var1);//《--------------------------
        } else {
            final ClassLoader var4 = var0.getClassLoader();
            final Class[] var5 = getRemoteInterfaces(var0);
            final RemoteObjectInvocationHandler var6 = new RemoteObjectInvocationHandler(var1);

            try {
                return (Remote)AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Remote>() {
                    public Remote run() {
                        return (Remote)Proxy.newProxyInstance(var4, var5, var6);
                    }
                });
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException var8) {
                throw new StubNotFoundException("unable to create proxy", var8);
            }
        }
    }

发现在调用远程服务,然后创建了stub。继续点开getRemoteClass()方法

 private static Class<?> getRemoteClass(Class<?> var0) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        while(var0 != null) {
            Class[] var1 = var0.getInterfaces();//《--------------------------

            for(int var2 = var1.length - 1; var2 >= 0; --var2) {
                if (Remote.class.isAssignableFrom(var1[var2])) {
                    return var0;
                }
            }

            var0 = var0.getSuperclass();
        }

        throw new ClassNotFoundException("class does not implement java.rmi.Remote");
    }

发现现在在创建实例

好吧,回到createProxy方法,再看看顺着往下走,看看Target var6 = new Target(var1, this, var5, this.ref.getObjID(), var3);

    `this.ref.exportObject(var6);`的出口对象方法
public void exportObject(Target var1) throws RemoteException {
        this.ep.exportObject(var1);
    }
public interface Endpoint {
    Channel getChannel();

    void exportObject(Target var1) throws RemoteException;

    Transport getInboundTransport();

    Transport getOutboundTransport();
}
public void exportObject(Target var1) throws RemoteException {
        this.transport.exportObject(var1);
    }

一路点下去,找到了tcp出口的方法。这是属于协议层的玩意。

public void exportObject(Target var1) throws RemoteException {
        synchronized(this) {
            this.listen();
            ++this.exportCount;
        }

一路点下去,发现listen。

private void listen() throws RemoteException {
        assert Thread.holdsLock(this);

        TCPEndpoint var1 = this.getEndpoint();
        int var2 = var1.getPort();
        if (this.server == null) {
            if (tcpLog.isLoggable(Log.BRIEF)) {
                tcpLog.log(Log.BRIEF, "(port " + var2 + ") create server socket");
            }

            try {
                this.server = var1.newServerSocket();//《--------------------------
                Thread var3 = (Thread)AccessController.doPrivileged(new NewThreadAction(new TCPTransport.AcceptLoop(this.server), "TCP Accept-" + var2, true));
                var3.start();
            } catch (BindException var4) {
                throw new ExportException("Port already in use: " + var2, var4);
            } catch (IOException var5) {
                throw new ExportException("Listen failed on port: " + var2, var5);
            }
        } else {
            SecurityManager var6 = System.getSecurityManager();
            if (var6 != null) {
                var6.checkListen(var2);
            }
        }

发现newServerSocket!!!

综上,总体流程和上图一样。

RMI缺陷

1.基于java,支持语言单一

2.服务注册只能注册到我上面分析的那个源码。注册中心挂了以后就完了

3.序列化是用java原生那个方法,效率不好

4.服务端底层是bio方式,性能不好

手写RMI

步骤:

  1. 编写服务器程序,暴露一个监听, 可以使用socket
  2. 编写客户端程序,通过ip和端口连接到指定的服务器,并且将数据做封装(序列化)
  3. 服务器端收到请求,先反序列化。再进行业务逻辑处理。把返回结果序列化返回

源码:https://github.com/tengshe789...

把源码发布到GitHub了,在把源码粘贴太麻烦了。

结束

此片完了~ 想要了解更多精彩新姿势?请访问我的个人博客 .

本篇为原创内容,已在个人博客率先发表,随后CSDN,segmentfault,juejin同步发出。如有雷同,缘分呢兄弟。赶快加个好友~


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