慕课网_《Spring Boot 发送邮件》学习总结

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    慕课网《Spring Boot 发送邮件》学习总结

    第一章：背景简介

    1-1 课程介绍

    第一部分：背景

    • 邮件使用场景
    • 邮件发送原理
    • Spring Boot介绍
    • 前置知识

    第二部分：实践

    • 发送文本邮件
    • 发送html邮件
    • 发送附件邮件
    • 发送带图片的邮件
    • 邮件模版
    • 邮件系统

    1-2 基础知识

    邮件使用场景

    • 注册验证
    • 网站营销
    • 找回密码
    • 监控告警
    • 触发机制

    邮件发送原理

    • 邮件传输协议：SMTP协议和POP3协议
    • 内容不断发展：IMAP协议和Mime协议

    邮件发送流程

    clipboard.png

    Spring Boot介绍

    • 约定大于配置
    • 简单快速开发
    • 强大的生态链

    前置知识

    • 会使用Spring进行开发
    • 对Spring Boot有一定的了解
    • 会使用Maven构建项目
    • 使用html和Thymeleaf模版技术
    • 理解邮件发送的基础知识

    第二章：实践开发

    2-1 项目搭建

    开发流程

    • 基础配置
    • 文本邮件
    • html邮件
    • 附件邮件
    • 图片邮件
    • 模版邮件

    Hello World项目

    • 构建工具：start.spring.io
    • 基础配置
    • 编写Hello World
    • 进行测试

    创建名为48-boot-mail-hello的maven工程pom如下

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>48-boot-mail</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.myimooc</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>48-boot-mail-hello</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <spring.boot.version>2.0.4.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-parent</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

    1.编写HelloService类

    package com.myimooc.boot.mail.hello.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * <br>
 * 标题: Hello 服务<br>
 * 描述: Hello 服务<br>
 * 时间: 2018/09/08<br>
 *
 * @author zc
 */
@Service
public class HelloService {

    public void sayHello(){
        System.out.println("Hello World");
    }

}

    2.编写HelloApplication类

    package com.myimooc.boot.mail.hello;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * <br>
 * 标题: 启动类<br>
 * 描述: 启动类<br>
 * 时间: 2018/09/08<br>
 *
 * @author zc
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HelloApplication.class, args);
    }

}

    3.编写HelloServiceTest类

    package com.myimooc.boot.mail.hello.service;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

/**
 * <br>
 * 标题: Hello 服务测试<br>
 * 描述: Hello 服务测试<br>
 * 时间: 2018/09/08<br>
 *
 * @author zc
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class HelloServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private HelloService helloService;

    @Test
    public void sayHelloTest() {
        this.helloService.sayHello();
    }
}

    2-2 发送邮件

    简单文本邮件

    • 引入相关jar包
    • 配置邮箱参数
    • 封装SimpleMailMessage
    • JavaMailSender进行发送

    创建名为48-boot-mail-mail的maven工程pom如下

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>48-boot-mail</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.myimooc</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>48-boot-mail-mail</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <spring.boot.version>2.0.4.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-parent</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

    1.编写MailApplication类

    package com.myimooc.boot.mail.mail;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * <br>
 * 标题: 启动类<br>
 * 描述: 启动类<br>
 * 时间: 2018/09/08<br>
 *
 * @author zc
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class MailApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MailApplication.class, args);
    }

}

    2.编写application.properties

    #----------邮件发送配置
# 邮件发送协议
spring.mail.host=smtp.163.com
# 用户名
spring.mail.username=zccodere@163.com
# 授权码，并非登录密码
spring.mail.password=yourpassword
# 默认编码
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8

    3.编写MailService类

    package com.myimooc.boot.mail.mail.service;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.thymeleaf.standard.expression.MessageExpression;

import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;

/**
 * <br>
 * 标题: 邮件服务<br>
 * 描述: 邮件服务<br>
 * 时间: 2018/09/08<br>
 *
 * @author zc
 */
@Service
public class MailService {

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    /**
     * 发送人
     */
    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;
    /**
     * 注入JavaMailSender
     */
    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    /**
     * 发送文本邮件
     *
     * @param to      收件邮箱地址
     * @param subject 主题
     * @param content 内容
     */
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(content);

        message.setFrom(from);
        this.mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 发送html邮件
     *
     * @param to      收件邮箱地址
     * @param subject 主题
     * @param content 内容
     * @throws Exception 异常
     */
    public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content) throws Exception {
        MimeMessage message = this.mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);

        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);

        helper.setFrom(from);
        this.mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 发送附件邮件
     *
     * @param to        收件邮箱地址
     * @param subject   主题
     * @param content   内容
     * @param filePaths 文件路径
     * @throws Exception 异常
     */
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String[] filePaths) throws Exception {
        MimeMessage message = this.mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);

        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);

        FileSystemResource file;
        for (String filePath : filePaths) {
            file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
            String fileName = file.getFilename();
            helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);
        }

        helper.setFrom(from);
        this.mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 发送图片邮件
     *
     * @param to      收件邮箱地址
     * @param subject 主题
     * @param content 内容
     * @param rscPath 图片路径
     * @param rscId   图片ID
     */
    public void sendInlineResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId) {
        logger.info("发送图片邮件开始：{}，{}，{}，{}，{}", to, subject, content, rscPath, rscId);
        MimeMessage message = this.mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper;
        try {
            helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);

            helper.setTo(to);
            helper.setSubject(subject);
            helper.setText(content, true);

            FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
            helper.addInline(rscId, file);

            helper.setFrom(from);
            this.mailSender.send(message);
            logger.info("发送图片邮件成功！");
        } catch (MessagingException ex) {
            logger.error("发送图片邮件异常：{}", ex);
        }
    }
}

    4.编写emailTemplate.html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
    <title>邮件模版</title>
</head>
<body>

<h3>你好，感谢您的注册，这是一封验证邮件，请点击下面的链接完成注册，感谢你你的支持！</h3><br/>
<a href="#" th:href="@{http://www.ityouknow.com/register/{id}(id=${id})}">激活账号</a>

</body>
</html>

    5.编写MailServiceTest类

    package com.myimooc.boot.mail.mail.service;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

/**
 * <br>
 * 标题: 邮件服务测试<br>
 * 描述: 邮件服务测试<br>
 * 时间: 2018/09/08<br>
 *
 * @author zc
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MailServiceTest {

    /**
     * 收件邮箱地址
     */
    private static final String TO = "zccodere@163.com";

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @Test
    public void sendSimpleMail() {
        this.mailService.sendSimpleMail(TO, "这是第一封邮件", "大家好，这是我的第一封邮件");
    }

    @Test
    public void sendHtmlMail() throws Exception {
        StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder(128);
        content.append("<html\n>");
        content.append("<body>\n");
        content.append("<h3> Hello World！这是一封Html邮件</h3>\n");
        content.append("</body>\n");
        content.append("</html>");
        this.mailService.sendHtmlMail(TO, "这是一封html邮件", content.toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void sendAttachmentsMail() throws Exception {
        String filePath = "d:\\48-boot-mail-hello.zip";
        this.mailService.sendAttachmentsMail(TO, "这是一封带附件的邮件", "这是一封带附件的邮件内容", new String[]{filePath});
    }

    @Test
    public void sendInlineResourceMail() {
        String rscPath = "d:\\thumb.jpg";
        String rscId = "img001";
        StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder(128);
        content.append("<html\n>");
        content.append("<body>\n");
        content.append("<h3> 这是有图片的邮件</h3>\n");
        content.append("<img src=\'cid:" + rscId + "\'></img>\n");
        content.append("<img src=\'cid:" + rscId + "\'></img>\n");
        content.append("</body>\n");
        content.append("</html>");
        this.mailService.sendInlineResourceMail(TO, "这是一封带图片的邮件", content.toString(), rscPath, rscId);
    }

    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;

    @Test
    public void sendTemplateMail() throws Exception {
        Context context = new Context();
        context.setVariable("id", "006");
        String emailContent = this.templateEngine.process("emailTemplate", context);

        this.mailService.sendHtmlMail(TO, "这是一封模版邮件", emailContent);
    }
}

    2-3 课程总结

    常见错误

    • 421 HL:ICC 该IP同时并发连接数过大
    • 451 Requested mail action not token:too much fail... 登录失败次数过多，被临时禁止登录
    • 553 authentication is required 认证失败

    邮件系统

    • 独立微服务
    • 异常处理
    • 定时重试
    • 异步邮件
    mailspringbootjava
    本文系转载，阅读原文
    https://www.imooc.com/article/75456
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