一、概述
有时候我们会看到有些服务器或者数据库被别人恶意攻击,会导致中毒或者资料被盗取所,以我们对自己的服务器和数据库的访问安全性控制就显得至关重要。
今天我们来说说MongoDB的几点安全性访问控制,可以通过的IP、端口或者使用账户、密码登录,来提高我们数据库和服务器的安全性访问情况,主要是通过
启动Mongod服务的时候,指定相关的参数,或者基于角色上读写或者管理权限上的控制,接下来让我们一起来看一下。
二、指定相关参数
1、--auth
我们在启动mongodb服务的时候,可以添加--auth参数,MongoDB会验证客户端连接的账户和密码,
以确定其是否有访问的权限。如果认证不通过,那么客户端不能访问MongoDB的数据库。
我们来验证下,MongoDB默认是不开启账密验证的
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongod --dbpath /usr/local/mongodb/data/db
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongo
MongoDB Enterprise > show dbs //默认是可以查看到所有实例
local
test
MongoDB Enterprise > use admin
switched to db admin
//切换到admin下创建dba用户
MongoDB Enterprise > db.createUser({user:"dba",pwd:"dba",roles:[{role:"userAdminAnyDatabase",db:"admin"}]})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "dba",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
//查看下刚刚有没有刚刚创建的用户
MongoDB Enterprise > show users
{
"_id" : "admin.dba",
"user" : "dba",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
或者使用这样的命令查看所
MongoDB Enterprise > db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.dba", "user" : "dba", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "qv2mpn/EzS7DjhwYPn0iJQ==",
"storedKey" : "FNwJUOCaOIeEBfJwuJPpx4nUs1k=", "serverKey" : "rXL2hql7dsxytS3G7aFxSob7ACs=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
然后我们再重启服务,这次重新启动的时候要加上--auth参数
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongod --dbpath /usr/local/mongodb/data/db --auth
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongo
MongoDB Enterprise > use admin
switched to db admin
MongoDB Enterprise > show dbs //添加上--auth参数后,没有进行验证查看数据库实例的时候直接报错没有执行的权限
2018-05-30T11:02:02.277+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: listDatabases failed:{
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }",
"code" : 13
} :
_getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13
Mongo.prototype.getDBs@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:62:1
shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:761:19
shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:651:15
@(shellhelp2):1:1
//接着我们进行验证下后再查看实例
MongoDB Enterprise > db.auth('dba','dba') //1表示验证通过,0表示验证不通过(账密不匹配)
1
MongoDB Enterprise > show dbs //验证通过后就能够正常查看到实例
admin
local
test
2、--port
默认端口是27017,该参数指定Mongod对应的端口,如果指定端口后用其他端口是无法访问的
//启动服务的时候指定端口28017
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongod --dbpath /usr/local/mongodb/date/db --port 28017
//然后我们再访问看看
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongo //没有指定端口的时候,无法访问
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: test
2018-06-05T17:31:51.737+0800 W NETWORK [thread1] Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1:27017, reason: errno:111 Connection refused
2018-06-05T17:31:51.738+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: couldn't connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017, connection attempt failed :
connect@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:229:14
@(connect):1:6
exception: connect failed
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongo --port=28017 //指定28017端口后,可以正常访问
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:28017/test
Server has startup warnings:
2018-06-05T17:26:59.313+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2018-06-05T17:26:59.313+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
MongoDB Enterprise > show dbs
local 0.000GB
3、--bind_ip
默认是没有IP管控的,该参数指定Mongod服务对应其他可以访问的IP,如果指定后只能是指定的IP才有访问权限
//设置只有本地IP才能访问 127.0.0.1
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongod --dbpath /usr/local/mongodb/date/db --bind_ip 127.0.0.1
//使用另一个IP访问情况
[root@mongodbtest2 bin]# ./mongo --bind_id IP1 //设置前是可以IP2是可以访问IP的
Error parsing command line: unrecognised option '--bind_id'
try './mongo --help' for more information
[root@mongodbtest2 bin]# ./mongo 10.130.170.41
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: IP1/test
Server has startup warnings:
2018-06-06T15:32:54.546+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2018-06-06T15:32:54.546+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
MongoDB Enterprise > show dbs
local 0.000GB
[root@mongodbtest2 bin]# ./mongo IP1 设置后IP2访问IP1就报错
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: IP1/test
2018-06-06T15:51:40.506+0800 W NETWORK [thread1] Failed to connect to 10.130.170.41:27017, reason: errno:111 Connection refused
2018-06-06T15:51:40.506+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: couldn't connect to server 10.130.170.41:27017, connection attempt failed :
connect@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:231:14
@(connect):1:6
exception: connect failed
可以添加多个IP访问,中间用逗号‘,’隔开,例如
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongod --dbpath /usr/local/mongodb/date/db --bind_ip 127.0.0.1,IP2
三、基于角色权限
验证数据库用户角色:
1、在test集合上创建只读和读写用户
//只读用户 readonly
MongoDB Enterprise > db.createUser({user:"readonly",pwd:"123",roles:[{role:"read",db:"test"}]})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "readonly",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
//读写用户 readwrite
MongoDB Enterprise > db.createUser({user:"readwrite",pwd:"123123",roles:[{role:"readWrite",db:"test"}]})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "readwrite",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
//查看用户
MongoDB Enterprise > show users
{
"_id" : "test.readonly",
"user" : "readonly",
"db" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "test.readwrite",
"user" : "readwrite",
"db" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
2、重启mongod服务
[root@mongotest1 bin]# ./mongod --dbpath /usr/local/mongodb/data/db --auth
3、验证用户权限
a.只读用户的权限
MongoDB Enterprise > db.auth('readonly','123')
1
MongoDB Enterprise > db.mongo.insert({"no":"F2","name":"Lily"}) //写入数据报错
WriteResult({
"writeError" : {
"code" : 13,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"mongo\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('5b17a675637751cda118430b'), no: \"F2\", name: \"Lily\" } ], ordered: true }"
}
})
MongoDB Enterprise > db.mongodb.find() //可以查看数据
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b17a4be2d7daf7945717c22"), "no" : "F1", "name" : "Jack" }
//从以上可以看出只读用户无法写入数据,但是可以查看集合的数据
b.读写用户
MongoDB Enterprise > db.auth('readwrite','123123')
1
MongoDB Enterprise > db.mongodb.insert("no":"F2","name":"Lily") //可以写入数据
2018-06-06T17:18:25.698+0800 E QUERY [thread1] SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list @(shell):1:22
MongoDB Enterprise > db.mongodb.insert({"no":"F2","name":"Lily"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
MongoDB Enterprise > db.mongodb.find() //同时也可以查看
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b17a4be2d7daf7945717c22"), "no" : "F1", "name" : "Jack" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b17a6f1637751cda118430c"), "no" : "F2", "name" : "Lily" }
//从上可以看出,读写用户既可以查看集合的数据也可以写入数据
四、总结
管理员可以管理所有数据库,但是不能直接管理其他数据库,要先在admin数据库认证后才可以,要注意的是,
MongoDB默认是没有管理员账号,所以要先添加管理员账号,再开启权限认证。所以,基于安全性的考虑,访问权限的控制还是
**粗体** _斜体_ [链接](http://example.com) `代码` - 列表 > 引用
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来通知其他用户。