RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的,可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。
MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列(MQ)是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息(针对应用程序的数据)来通信,而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信,而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信,直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。
puthon操作rabbitMQ的模块名为:pika
在操作rabbitMQ之前,先通过Queue理解生产者消费者模型
生产者消费者模型
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import Queue
5 import threading
6
7 message = Queue.Queue(10)
8
9
10 def producter(i):
11
12 while True:
13 message.put(i)
14
15 def consumer(i):
16 while True:
17 message.get()
18
19
20
21 for i in range(5):
22 w = threading.Thread(target=producter,args=(i,))
23 w.start()
24
25 for i in range(2):
26 w = threading.Thread(target=consumer,args=(i,))
27 w.start()
对于RabbitMQ来说,生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象,而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。
生产者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import pika
5
6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) #连接一台rabbitMQ
7
8 channel = connection.channel() #创建一个频道
9
10 channel.queue_declare("chenchao") #声明一个消息队列
11
12
13 channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key="chenchao",body="Fucking!") #发送消息
14
15 print "sent Fucking world!!!!"
16
17 connection.close() #关闭连接
消费者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 # #############################消费者########################
5
6 import pika
7
8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
9
10 channel = connection.channel()
11
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao")
13
14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数
15 print body
16
17
18 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao",no_ack=True) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
19
20 channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
1、acknowledgment 消息不丢失
no-ack = False,如果在传递消息的过程中消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了,那么,RabbitMQ会重新将该任务消息添加到队列中。
消费者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 # #############################消费者########################
5
6 import pika
7
8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
9
10 channel = connection.channel()
11
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao")
13
14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数
15 print body
16 import time
17 time.sleep(8)
18 print "sleep over"
19 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答
20
21
22 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao",no_ack=False) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
23
24 channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答,表示已经接收到了数据
no_ack=False
2、durable 消息不丢失
如果之前的队列为非持久化的,那么之后就不能将其修改为持久化的,必须重新创建一个新的队列,并声明为持久化的队列,并且在发送消息时也要注明是持久化消息才行。
生产者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 # #######################生产者######################
5
6 import pika
7
8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108')) #连接一台rabbitMQ
9
10 channel = connection.channel() #创建一个频道
11
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True) #声明一个消息队列为持久化的队列
13
14
15 channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
16 routing_key="chenchao2",
17 body="Message NO.1",
18 properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2,)) #发送消息为持久化的数据
19
20 print "sent Message OK!"
21
22 connection.close() #关闭连接
durable=True
properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2,)
消费者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 # #############################消费者########################
5
6 import pika
7
8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
9
10 channel = connection.channel()
11
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True) #生命一个可持续化的队列(如果队列已经存在,这句可有可无)
13
14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数
15 print body
16 import time
17 time.sleep(8)
18 print "sleep over"
19 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答
20
21
22 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao2",no_ack=False) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
23
24 channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
3、消息获取顺序
默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走,例如:消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务,消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取,不再按照奇偶数排列
消费者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 # #############################消费者########################
5
6 import pika
7
8 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.1.108'))
9
10 channel = connection.channel()
11
12 channel.queue_declare("chenchao2",durable=True) #生命一个可持续化的队列(如果队列已经存在,这句可有可无)
13
14 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): #固定格式 必须有4个参数
15 print body
16 import time
17 time.sleep(8)
18 print "sleep over"
19 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag ) #向生产者发送应答
20
21 channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) #获取消息不在按奇偶规则获取
22
23 channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="chenchao2",no_ack=False) #将从队列里取出的数据回调给callback方法
24
25 channel.start_consuming() #开始取值
4、发布订阅
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于,发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者,而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以,RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时,会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列,而发布者发布消息时,会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
发布者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import pika
5 import sys
6
7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
8 host='192.168.1.108'))
9 channel = connection.channel()
10
11
12 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',
13 type='fanout') #声明一个名称为chenchao的exchange 类型为fanout
14
15
16 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello every consumer2"
17 channel.basic_publish(exchange='chenchao',
18 routing_key='',
19 body=message) #将消息发送到exchange里,通过exchange发送到所有队列
20 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
21 connection.close()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',
type='fanout') #声明一个名称为chenchao的exchange 类型为fanout
订阅者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import pika
5
6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
7 host='192.168.1.108'))
8 channel = connection.channel()
9
10
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='chenchao',
12 type='fanout') #声明类型为fanou名称为chenchao的exchange
13
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
16
17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='chenchao',
18 queue=queue_name) #将队列与exchange绑定
19
20 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
21
22 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
23 print(" [x] %r" % body)
24
25 channel.basic_consume(callback,
26 queue=queue_name,
27 no_ack=True)
28
29 channel.start_consuming()
channel.queue_bind(exchange='chenchao',
queue=queue_name) #将队列与exchange绑定
5、关键字发送
exchange type = direct
之前事例,发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息,RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送,即:队列绑定关键字,发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange,exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
生产者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import pika
5 import sys
6
7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
8 host='192.168.1.108'))
9 channel = connection.channel()
10
11
12 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import',
13 type='direct') #声明一个名称为import的exchange 类型为direct
14
15
16 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello are you Q1???"
17 channel.basic_publish(exchange='import',
18 routing_key='Nice',
19 body=message) #将消息与关键字发送到exchange里,通过关键字发送到绑定的队列
20 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
21 connection.close()
type='direct'
routing_key='Nice'
订阅者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import pika
5
6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
7 host='192.168.1.108'))
8 channel = connection.channel()
9
10
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import',
12 type='direct') #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange
13
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
16
17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
18 queue=queue_name,
19 routing_key="Queue1") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字
20
21
22 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
23 queue=queue_name,
24 routing_key="Nice") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字
25
26 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
27
28 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
29 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
30
31 channel.basic_consume(callback,
32 queue=queue_name,
33 no_ack=True)
34
35 channel.start_consuming()
订阅者2
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import pika
5
6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
7 host='192.168.1.108'))
8 channel = connection.channel()
9
10
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='import',
12 type='direct') #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange
13
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
16
17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
18 queue=queue_name,
19 routing_key="Queue2") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字
20
21
22 channel.queue_bind(exchange='import',
23 queue=queue_name,
24 routing_key="Nice") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字
25
26 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
27
28 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
29 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
30
31 channel.basic_consume(callback,
32 queue=queue_name,
33 no_ack=True)
34
35 channel.start_consuming()
type='direct'
routing_key="Nice"
6、模糊匹配
exchange type = topic
在topic类型下,可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字,之后发送者将数据发送到exchange,exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配,匹配成功,则将数据发送到指定队列。
表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
- 表示只能匹配 一个 单词
routing_key="Nice.*"
routing_key="Nice.#"
发送者路由值 队列中
old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配
old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配
发布者
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import pika
5 import sys
6
7 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
8 host='192.168.1.108'))
9 channel = connection.channel()
10
11
12 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
13 type='topic') #声明一个名称为import的exchange 类型为direct
14
15
16 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Are you choosed?"
17 channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
18 routing_key='Nice',
19 body=message) #将消息与关键字发送到exchange里,通过关键字发送到绑定的队列
20 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
21 connection.close()
type='topic'
订阅者1
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import pika
5
6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
7 host='192.168.1.108'))
8 channel = connection.channel()
9
10
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
12 type='topic') #声明类型为topic的exchange
13
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
16
17
18 channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
19 queue=queue_name,
20 routing_key="Nice.*") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 *代表只能匹配一个
21
22 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
23
24 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
25 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
26
27 channel.basic_consume(callback,
28 queue=queue_name,
29 no_ack=True)
30
31 channel.start_consuming()
type='topic'
routing_key="Nice.*"
订阅者2
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # _*_coding:utf-8 _*_
3
4 import pika
5
6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
7 host='192.168.1.108'))
8 channel = connection.channel()
9
10
11 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
12 type='topic') #声明类型为direct名称为import的exchange
13
14 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
15 queue_name = result.method.queue #生成一个随机名的队列
16
17 channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
18 queue=queue_name,
19 routing_key="Nice.#") #将队列与exchange绑定,并声明关键字 #代表只能匹配0个或者多个
20
21 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
22
23 def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
24 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
25
26 channel.basic_consume(callback,
27 queue=queue_name,
28 no_ack=True)
29
30 channel.start_consuming()
routing_key="Nice.#"
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