深入理解 lambda表达式 与 MethodReference（四）

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陈杨
    阅读 10 分钟
    package com.java.design.java8.MethodReference;


import com.java.design.java8.entity.Student;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Supplier;


/**
 * @author 陈杨
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MethodReference {

    一、测试数据准备

    private List<Student> students;
private List<String> snames;

private Student studentSupplier(Supplier<Student> studentSupplier) {
    return studentSupplier.get();
}


//    private StudentConstructor studentConstructor =
//            (id, name, sex, age, addr, salary) ->
//                    new Student(id, name, sex, age, addr, salary);

private StudentConstructor studentConstructor = Student::new;

private Student studentAllArgs(Integer id, String name, String sex, Integer age, String addr, Double salary) {

    return studentConstructor.studentAllArgs(id, name, sex, age, addr, salary);
}

@Before
public void init() {

    Student kirito =
            new Student(1, "Kirito", "Male", 18, "Sword Art Online", 999999999.0);
    Student Asuna =
            new Student(2, "Asuna", "Female", 17, "Sword Art Online", 999999999.0);
    Student Sinon =
            new Student(3, "Sinon", "Female", 16, "Gun Gale Online", 999999999.0);
    Student Yuuki =
            new Student(4, "Yuuki", "Female", 15, "Alfheim Online", 999999999.0);
    Student Alice =
            new Student(5, "Alice", "Female", 14, "Alicization", 999999999.0);

    students = Arrays.asList(kirito, Asuna, Sinon, Yuuki, Alice);

    snames = Arrays.asList("kirito", "Asuna", "Sinon", "Yuuki", "Alice");

}

    二、方法引用 引入

    @Test
public void testMethodReference() {


    //  MethodReference 方法引用
    List<String> Iloveyou = Arrays.asList("Kirito", "Love", "Asuna");

    //集合遍历 Lambda
    System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
    System.out.println("集合遍历 Lambda");
    Iloveyou.forEach(str -> System.out.println(str));


    //集合遍历 MethodReference
    System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
    System.out.println("集合遍历 MethodReference");
    Iloveyou.forEach(System.out::println);

    三、什么是方法引用

    //  MethodReference
//  方法引用是Lambda表达式的特殊替换
//  方法引用本质是一个 函数指针 Function Pointer
//  这个指针指向被引用方法
//  eg: 方法引用System.out::println 指向System.out.println()这个函数

    四、方法引用的分类

    1、 静态方法引用

    //   1、 静态方法引用

//   静态方法引用 类名::静态方法名
//   静态方法引用 功能实现等价于 调用 类的静态方法

//   静态方法引用 与 调用  无任何关系
//          类名.静态方法名   -->方法调用  显示传参
//          类名::静态方法名  -->方法引用  隐式传参  编译器自动推断  方法引用的表达式 函数指针 指向 被引用函数
System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
System.out.println(" 静态方法引用 按年龄排序");
students.sort(StaticStudentComparator::staticCompareStudentByAge);
students.forEach(System.out::println);

System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
System.out.println(" 静态方法引用 按姓名排序");
students.sort(StaticStudentComparator::staticCompareStudentByName);
students.forEach(System.out::println);

    2、 对象实例方法引用

    //   2、 对象实例方法引用

//   对象实例方法引用 引用名（对象名）::实例方法名
//   对象实例方法引用 功能实现等价于 调用 对象实例 所拥有的 实例方法
StudentComparator studentComparator = new StudentComparator();
System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
System.out.println(" 静态方法引用 按年龄排序");
students.sort(studentComparator::compareStudentByAge);
students.forEach(System.out::println);


System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
System.out.println(" 对象实例方法引用 按姓名排序");
students.sort(studentComparator::compareStudentByName);
students.forEach(System.out::println);

    3、 类实例方法引用

    //   3、 类实例方法引用
//   类实例方法引用 类名::实例方法名

System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
System.out.println(" 类实例方法引用 按年龄排序");
students.sort(Student::classCompareStudentByAge);
students.forEach(System.out::println);

System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
System.out.println(" 类实例方法引用 按姓名排序");
students.sort(Student::classCompareStudentByName);
students.forEach(System.out::println);

System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
System.out.println(" 类实例方法引用 容易理解的 字符串排序");
snames.sort(String::compareToIgnoreCase);
snames.forEach(System.out::println);

    4、 构造方法引用

    //  4、  构造方法引用
//  构造方法引用 类名::new
//  注意： 实体类Student 事先 有定义好的 全参构造方法 与无参构造方法
//        若没有构造方法 需要自行添加 否则报错
//  Student::new 可以根据参数不同 对构造方法进行自动识别 重载

//  利用无参构造方法构造studentNoArgs对象
System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
System.out.println("利用无参构造方法构造studentNoArgs对象");
Student studentNoArgs = this.studentSupplier(Student::new);
System.out.println(studentNoArgs);

//  利用自定义全参构造方法构造student对象
System.out.println("---------------------------------------\n");
System.out.println("利用全参构造方法构造studentNoArgs对象");
Student Silica = this.studentAllArgs
        (6, "Silica", "Female", 10, "Sword Art Online", 999999999.0);
System.out.println(Silica);


    }
}

    五、StaticStudentComparator类 （静态方法实例引用）

    import com.java.design.java8.entity.Student;

import java.util.Comparator;

public class StaticStudentComparator {


    static Comparator<Student> studentAgeComparator =
            (first, last) -> first.getAge() - last.getAge();

    static Comparator<Student> studentNameComparator =
            (first, last) -> first.getName().compareToIgnoreCase(last.getName());


    public static int staticCompareStudentByAge(Student first, Student last) {

        return studentAgeComparator.compare(first, last);
    }


    public static int staticCompareStudentByName(Student first, Student last) {

        return studentNameComparator.compare(first, last);
    }


}

    六、StudentComparator类 （对象方法实例引用）

    import com.java.design.java8.entity.Student;

import java.util.Comparator;

public class StudentComparator {


    Comparator<Student> studentAgeComparator =
            (first, last) -> first.getAge() - last.getAge();

    Comparator<Student> studentNameComparator =
            (first, last) -> first.getName().compareToIgnoreCase(last.getName());


    public int compareStudentByAge(Student first, Student last) {

        return studentAgeComparator.compare(first, last);
    }


    public int compareStudentByName(Student first, Student last) {

        return studentNameComparator.compare(first, last);
    }

}

    七、StudentConstructor @FunctionalInterface接口 （构造方法实例引用）

    import com.java.design.java8.entity.Student;

@FunctionalInterface
public interface StudentConstructor {


    Student studentAllArgs(Integer id, String name, String sex, Integer age, String addr, Double salary);


}

    八 、Student实体类 （类实例方法引用）

    @Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {

    private Integer id;

    private String name;

    private String sex;

    private Integer age;

    private String addr;

    private Double salary;

    public int classCompareStudentByAge(Student student) {

        return this.getAge() - student.getAge();
    }

    public int classCompareStudentByName(Student student) {

        return this.getName().compareToIgnoreCase(student.getName());
    }
}

    九、 测试结果

      .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.1.2.RELEASE)

2019-02-02 17:04:20.851  INFO 16876 --- [           main] c.j.d.j.MethodReference.MethodReference  : Starting MethodReference on DESKTOP-87RMBG4 with PID 16876 (started by 46250 in E:\IdeaProjects\design)
2019-02-02 17:04:20.852  INFO 16876 --- [           main] c.j.d.j.MethodReference.MethodReference  : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2019-02-02 17:04:21.422  INFO 16876 --- [           main] c.j.d.j.MethodReference.MethodReference  : Started MethodReference in 0.878 seconds (JVM running for 1.682)
---------------------------------------

集合遍历 Lambda
Kirito
Love
Asuna
---------------------------------------

集合遍历 MethodReference
Kirito
Love
Asuna
---------------------------------------

 静态方法引用 按年龄排序
Student(id=5, name=Alice, sex=Female, age=14, addr=Alicization, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=4, name=Yuuki, sex=Female, age=15, addr=Alfheim Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=3, name=Sinon, sex=Female, age=16, addr=Gun Gale Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=2, name=Asuna, sex=Female, age=17, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=1, name=Kirito, sex=Male, age=18, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
---------------------------------------

 静态方法引用 按姓名排序
Student(id=5, name=Alice, sex=Female, age=14, addr=Alicization, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=2, name=Asuna, sex=Female, age=17, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=1, name=Kirito, sex=Male, age=18, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=3, name=Sinon, sex=Female, age=16, addr=Gun Gale Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=4, name=Yuuki, sex=Female, age=15, addr=Alfheim Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
---------------------------------------

 静态方法引用 按年龄排序
Student(id=5, name=Alice, sex=Female, age=14, addr=Alicization, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=4, name=Yuuki, sex=Female, age=15, addr=Alfheim Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=3, name=Sinon, sex=Female, age=16, addr=Gun Gale Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=2, name=Asuna, sex=Female, age=17, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=1, name=Kirito, sex=Male, age=18, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
---------------------------------------

 对象实例方法引用 按姓名排序
Student(id=5, name=Alice, sex=Female, age=14, addr=Alicization, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=2, name=Asuna, sex=Female, age=17, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=1, name=Kirito, sex=Male, age=18, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=3, name=Sinon, sex=Female, age=16, addr=Gun Gale Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=4, name=Yuuki, sex=Female, age=15, addr=Alfheim Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
---------------------------------------

 类实例方法引用 按年龄排序
Student(id=5, name=Alice, sex=Female, age=14, addr=Alicization, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=4, name=Yuuki, sex=Female, age=15, addr=Alfheim Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=3, name=Sinon, sex=Female, age=16, addr=Gun Gale Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=2, name=Asuna, sex=Female, age=17, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=1, name=Kirito, sex=Male, age=18, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
---------------------------------------

 类实例方法引用 按姓名排序
Student(id=5, name=Alice, sex=Female, age=14, addr=Alicization, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=2, name=Asuna, sex=Female, age=17, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=1, name=Kirito, sex=Male, age=18, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=3, name=Sinon, sex=Female, age=16, addr=Gun Gale Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
Student(id=4, name=Yuuki, sex=Female, age=15, addr=Alfheim Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
---------------------------------------

 类实例方法引用 容易理解的 字符串排序
Alice
Asuna
kirito
Sinon
Yuuki
---------------------------------------

利用无参构造方法构造studentNoArgs对象
Student(id=null, name=null, sex=null, age=null, addr=null, salary=null)
---------------------------------------

利用全参构造方法构造studentNoArgs对象
Student(id=6, name=Silica, sex=Female, age=10, addr=Sword Art Online, salary=9.99999999E8)
    javajdklambdamethodreferences
    陈杨
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