Spring Security项目Spring MVC开发RESTful API(二)

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Guosh
    阅读 19 分钟
    1

    查询请求

    常用注解

    • @RestController 标明此Controller提供RestAPI
    • @RequestMapping 映射http请求url到java方法
    • @RequestParam 映射请求参数到java方法到参数
    • @PageableDefault 指定分页参数默认值
    编写一个简单的UserController类
    @RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<User> query(@RequestParam(name = "username",required = true) String username, @PageableDefault(page = 1,size = 20,sort = "username",direction = Sort.Direction.DESC)Pageable pageable){

        System.out.println(pageable.getSort());
        List<User>users=new ArrayList<>();
        users.add(new User("aaa","111"));
        users.add(new User("bbb","222"));
        users.add(new User("ddd","333"));
        return  users;
    }
}
    @PageableDefault SpingData分页参数 page当前页数默认0开始 sizi每页个数默认10 sort 排序

    Srping boot 测试用例

    在demo的pom.xml里面引入spirngboot的测试

        <!--spring测试框架-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    测试/user接口
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) //运行器
@SpringBootTest
public class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void stup(){
        mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }
  //测试用例
    @Test
    public void whenQuerSuccess() throws Exception {
        String result=mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user")
                //传过去的参数
                .param("username","admin")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                //判断请求的状态吗是否成功,200
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                //判断返回的集合的长度是否是3
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.length()").value(3))
                //打印信息
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
        //打印返回结果
        System.out.println(result);
    }

    jsonPath文档语法查询地址

    用户详情请求

    常用注解

    • @PathVariable 映射url片段到java方法参数
    • @JsonView 控制json输出内容
    实体对象
    @NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {

    public interface UserSimpleView{};
    public interface UserDetailView extends UserSimpleView{};

    private String username;
    private String password;

    @JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }


    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    @JsonView(UserDetailView.class)
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}
    Controller类
    @RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id:\\d+}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    // 正则表达式 :\\d+ 表示只能输入数字
    //用户名密码都显示
    @JsonView(User.UserDetailView.class)
    public User  userInfo(@PathVariable String id){
        User user=new User();
        user.setUsername("tom");
        return user;
    }
}
    测试用例
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) //运行器
@SpringBootTest
public class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void stup(){
        mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }

    //用户详情用例
    @Test
    public void whenUserInfoSuccess() throws Exception {
        String result=mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                //判断请求的状态吗是否成功,200
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                //判断返回到username是不是tom
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.username").value("tom"))
                //打印信息
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
        //打印返回结果
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}

    用户处理创建请求

    常用注解

    • @RequestBody 映射请求体到java方法到参数
    • @Valid注解和BindingResult验证请求参数合法性并处理校验结果
    实体对象
    @NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {

    public interface UserSimpleView{};
    public interface UserDetailView extends UserSimpleView{};
    private String id;
    private String username;

    //不允许password为null
    @NotBlank
    private String password;

    private Date birthday;

    @JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
    public String getId() { return id; }

    public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; }

    @JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }



    @JsonView(UserDetailView.class)
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
    public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; }
}
    Controller类
        @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @JsonView(User.UserSimpleView.class)
    //@Valid启用校验password不允许为空
    public User createUser(@Valid @RequestBody User user, BindingResult errors){
        //如果校验有错误是true并打印错误信息
        if(errors.hasErrors()){
            errors.getAllErrors().stream().forEach(error -> System.out.println(error.getDefaultMessage()));
        }
        System.out.println(user.getUsername());
        System.out.println(user.getPassword());
        System.out.println(user.getBirthday());
        user.setId("1");
        return user;
    }
    测试用例
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) //运行器
@SpringBootTest
public class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void stup(){
        mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }

    //用户创建用例
    @Test
    public void whenCreateSuccess() throws Exception {
        Date date=new Date();
        String content="{\"username\":\"tom\",\"password\":null,\"birthday\":"+date.getTime()+"}";
        String result=mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user")
                .content(content)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                //判断请求的状态吗是否成功,200
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                //判断返回到username是不是tom
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value("1"))
                .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
        //打印返回结果
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}

    修改和删除请求

    验证注解
    | 注解 | 解释 |
    | -------- | -------- |
    | @NotNull | 值不能为空 |
    | @Null | 值必须为空 |
    | @Pattern(regex=) | 字符串必须匹配正则表达式 |
    | @Size(min=,max=) | 集合的元素数量必须在min和max之间 |
    | @Email | 字符串必须是Email地址 |
    | @Length(min=,max=) | 检查字符串长度 |
    | @NotBlank | 字符串必须有字符 |
    | @NotEmpty | 字符串不为null,集合有元素 |
    | @Range(min=,max=) | 数字必须大于等于min，小于等于max |
    | @SafeHtml | 字符串是安全的html |
    | @URL | 字符串是合法的URL |
    | @AssertFalse | 值必须是false |
    | @AssertTrue | 值必须是true |
    | @DecimalMax(value=,inclusive) | 值必须小于等于(inclusive=true)/小于(inclusive=false) value指定的值 |
    | @DecimalMin(value=,inclusive) | 值必须大于等于(inclusive=true)/大于(inclusive=false) value指定的值 |
    | @Digits(integer=,fraction=) | integer指定整数部分最大长度,fraction小数部分最大长度 |
    | @Future | 被注释的元素必须是一个将来的日期 |
    | @Past | 被注释的元素必须是一个过去的日期 |
    | @Max(value=) | 值必须小于等于value值 |
    | @Min(value=) | 值必须大于等于value值 |

    自定义注解修改请求

    实体对象
    @NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {

    public interface UserSimpleView{};
    public interface UserDetailView extends UserSimpleView{};
    private String id;
    
    //自定义注解
    @MyConstraint(message = "账号必须是tom")
    private String username;

    //不允许password为null
    @NotBlank(message = "密码不能为空")
    private String password;

    //加验证生日必须是过去的时间
    @Past(message = "生日必须是过去的时间")
    private Date birthday;

    @JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
    public String getId() { return id; }

    public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; }

    @JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }



    @JsonView(UserDetailView.class)
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @JsonView(UserSimpleView.class)
    public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; }
}
    Controller类
        @RequestMapping(value = "/{id:\\d+}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    @JsonView(User.UserSimpleView.class)
    //@Valid启用校验password不允许为空
    public User updateUser(@Valid @RequestBody User user, BindingResult errors){
        //如果校验有错误是true并打印错误信息
        if(errors.hasErrors()){
            errors.getAllErrors().stream().forEach(error -> System.out.println(error.getDefaultMessage()));
        }
        System.out.println(user.getUsername());
        System.out.println(user.getPassword());
        System.out.println(user.getBirthday());
        user.setId("1");
        return user;
    }
    测试用例
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) //运行器
@SpringBootTest
public class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void stup(){
        mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }

    //用户修改用例
    @Test
    public void whenUpdateSuccess() throws Exception {
        //当前时间加一年
        Date date = new Date(LocalDateTime.now().plusYears(1).atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toInstant().toEpochMilli());
        String content = "{\"id\":\"1\",\"username\":\"44\",\"password\":null,\"birthday\":" + date.getTime() + "}";
        String result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/user/1")
                .content(content)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                //判断请求的状态吗是否成功,200
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                //判断返回到username是不是tom
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value("1"))
                .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString();
        //打印返回结果
        System.out.println(result);
    }
    自定义注解

    image.png

    MyConstraint类
    import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

//作用在字段跟方法上面
@Target({ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.METHOD})
//运行时注解
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//需要校验注解的类
@Constraint(validatedBy = MyConstraintValidator.class)
public @interface MyConstraint {
    String message() default "{org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotBlank.message}";

    Class<?>[] groups() default {};

    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}
    MyConstraintValidator类
    import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;

//范型1.验证的注解 2.验证的数据类型
public class MyConstraintValidator implements ConstraintValidator<MyConstraint,Object> {

    @Override
    public void initialize(MyConstraint myConstraint) {
        //校验器初始化的规则
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(Object value, ConstraintValidatorContext constraintValidatorContext) {
        //校验username如果是tom验证通过
        if (value.equals("tom")){
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }

    }
}

    删除请求

    Controller类
        @RequestMapping(value = "/{id:\\d+}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    //@Valid启用校验password不允许为空
    public void deleteUser(@PathVariable String id){
        System.out.println(id);
    }
    测试用例
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) //运行器
@SpringBootTest
public class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void stup(){
        mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }

    //用户删除用例
    @Test
    public void whenDeleteSuccess() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/user/1")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                //判断请求的状态吗是否成功,200
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());

    }

    服务异常处理

    把BindingResult errors去掉

        @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @JsonView(User.UserSimpleView.class)
    //@Valid启用校验password不允许为空
    public User createUser(@Valid @RequestBody User user){
        //如果校验有错误是true并打印错误信息
//        if(errors.hasErrors()){
//            errors.getAllErrors().stream().forEach(error -> System.out.println(error.getDefaultMessage()));
//        }
        System.out.println(user.getUsername());
        System.out.println(user.getPassword());
        System.out.println(user.getBirthday());
        user.setId("1");
        return user;
    }

    查看返回的异常信息
    image.png

    处理状态码错误

    创建文件结构如下404错误将跳转对应页面
    image.png

    RESTful API的拦截

    过滤器(Filter)

    image.png

    创建filter文件
    @Component
public class TimeFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("TimeFilter init");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("TimeFilter doFilter");
        long start=new Date().getTime();
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("耗时"+(new Date().getTime()-start));
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("TimeFilter destroy");
    }
}

    自定义filter

    需要吧filter文件@Component标签去除
    image.png

    @Configuration
public class WebConfig {
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean timeFilterRegistration(){
        FilterRegistrationBean registration=new FilterRegistrationBean();
        TimeFilter timeFilter=new TimeFilter();
        registration.setFilter(timeFilter);
        //filter作用的地址
        List<String>urls=new ArrayList<>();
        urls.add("/user");
        registration.setUrlPatterns(urls);
        return  registration;
    }
}

    拦截器(Interceptor)

    image.png

    创建Interceptor文件
    @Component
public class TimeInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    //控制器方法调用之前
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle");
        System.out.println("进入方法"+((HandlerMethod)o).getMethod().getName());
        httpServletRequest.setAttribute("startTime",new Date().getTime());
        //是否调用后面的方法调用是true
        return true;
    }
    //控制器方法被调用
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle");
        Long start= (Long) httpServletRequest.getAttribute("startTime");
        System.out.println("time interceptor耗时"+(new Date().getTime()-start));
    }
    //控制器方法完成之后
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion");
        System.out.println("exception is"+e);
    }
}

    把过滤器添加到webconfig文件
    image.png

    @Configuration
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private TimeInterceptor timeInterceptor;

    //过滤器
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean timeFilterRegistration(){
        FilterRegistrationBean registration=new FilterRegistrationBean();
        TimeFilter timeFilter=new TimeFilter();
        registration.setFilter(timeFilter);
        //filter作用的地址
        List<String>urls=new ArrayList<>();
        urls.add("/user/*");
        registration.setUrlPatterns(urls);
        return  registration;
    }

    //拦截器
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(timeInterceptor);
    }
}

    切片(Aspect)

    image.png

    @Aspect
@Component
public class TimeAspect {

    //@Befor方法调用之前
    //@After()方法调用
    //@AfterThrowing方法调用之后
    //包围，覆盖前面三种
    @Around("execution(* com.guosh.web.controller.UserController.*(..))")//表达式表示usercontroller里所有方法其他表达式可以查询切片表达式
    public Object handleControllerMethod(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("time aspect start");

        //可以获取到传入参数
        Object[]args=pjp.getArgs();
        for (Object arg: args) {
            System.out.println("arg is"+arg);
        }

        long start=new Date().getTime();
        //相当于filter里doFilter方法
        Object object=pjp.proceed();
        System.out.println("time aspect耗时"+(new Date().getTime()-start));

        System.out.println("time aspect end");
        return object;
    }
}

    总结

    过滤器Filter ：可以拿到原始的http请求与响应信息
    拦截器Interceptor ：可以拿到原始的http请求与响应信息还可以拿到处理请求方法的信息
    切片Aspect ：可以拿到方法调用传过来的值

    使用rest方式处理文件服务

    返回的上传文件后路径对象
    在application.yml里添加上传地址

    #上传文件路径
uploadfiledir:
  filePath: /Users/shaohua/webapp/guoshsecurity
    @Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class FileInfo {
    private String path;
}
    @RestController
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {

    @Value("${uploadfiledir.filePath}")
    private String fileDataStorePath;//文件上传地址

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public FileInfo upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        //文件名
        System.out.println(file.getOriginalFilename());
        //文件大小
        System.out.println(file.getSize());
        //获取文件后缀名
        String ext=StringUtils.getFilenameExtension(file.getOriginalFilename());

        File fileDir = new File(fileDataStorePath);
        //判断是否创建目录
        if (!fileDir.exists()) {
            if (!fileDir.mkdirs() || !fileDir.exists()) { // 创建目录失败
                throw new RuntimeException("无法创建目录！");
            }
        }

        File localFile=new File(fileDataStorePath, UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "")+"."+ext);
        file.transferTo(localFile);
        //返回上传的路径地址
        return new FileInfo(localFile.getAbsolutePath());

    }
    //下载文件
    @RequestMapping(value ="/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public void download(@PathVariable String id, HttpServletResponse response){
      //模拟下载直接填好了下载文件名称
        try(InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(fileDataStorePath,"13a2c075b7f44025bbb3c590f7f372eb.txt"));
            OutputStream outputStream=response.getOutputStream();){
            response.setContentType("application/x-download");
            response.addHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+"13a2c075b7f44025bbb3c590f7f372eb.txt\"");
            IOUtils.copy(inputStream,outputStream);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

    使用Swagger工具

    在demo模块引入

            <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>

    添加swagger的配置类
    image.png

    
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class Swagger2Config {
    @Value("${sys.swagger.enable-swgger}")
    private Boolean enableSwgger;
    @Bean
    public Docket createRestApi() {
        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
                .enable(enableSwgger)
                .apiInfo(apiInfo())
                .select()
                .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.guosh.web"))  //swgger插件作用范围
                 //.paths(PathSelectors.regex("/api/.*"))
                .paths(PathSelectors.any()) //过滤接口
                .build();
    }

    private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
        return new ApiInfoBuilder()
                .title("SpringSecurityDemo") //标题
                .description("API描述") //描述
                .contact(new Contact("guoshaohua", "http://www.guoshaohua.cn", ""))//作者
                .version("1.0")
                .build();
    }
}

    常用注解

    • 通过@Api用于controller类上对类的功能进行描述
    • 通过@ApiOperation注解用在controller方法上对类的方法进行描述
    • 通过@ApiImplicitParams、@ApiImplicitParam注解来给参数增加说明
    • 通过@ApiIgnore来忽略那些不想让生成RESTful API文档的接口
    • 通过@ApiModel 用在返回对象类上描述返回对象的意义
    • 通过@ApiModelProperty 用在实体对象的字段上 用于描述字段含义
    springsecurityspringspringboot
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