题目
给定一个完美二叉树,其所有叶子节点都在同一层,每个父节点都有两个子节点。二叉树定义如下:
struct Node {
int val;
Node *left;
Node *right;
Node *next;
}
填充它的每个 next 指针,让这个指针指向其下一个右侧节点。如果找不到下一个右侧节点,则将 next 指针设置为 NULL。
初始状态下,所有 next 指针都被设置为 NULL。
示例:
输入:{"$id":"1","left":{"$id":"2","left":{"$id":"3","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":4},"next":null,"right":{"$id":"4","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":5},"val":2},"next":null,"right":{"$id":"5","left":{"$id":"6","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":6},"next":null,"right":{"$id":"7","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":7},"val":3},"val":1}
输出:{"$id":"1","left":{"$id":"2","left":{"$id":"3","left":null,"next":{"$id":"4","left":null,"next":{"$id":"5","left":null,"next":{"$id":"6","left":null,"next":null,"right":null,"val":7},"right":null,"val":6},"right":null,"val":5},"right":null,"val":4},"next":{"$id":"7","left":{"$ref":"5"},"next":null,"right":{"$ref":"6"},"val":3},"right":{"$ref":"4"},"val":2},"next":null,"right":{"$ref":"7"},"val":1}
解释:给定二叉树如图 A 所示,你的函数应该填充它的每个 next 指针,以指向其下一个右侧节点,如图 B 所示。
题解
方法一: 层序遍历
使用层序遍历,遍历的时候把同层的节点连接起来;
class Solution {
public Node connect(Node root) {
if (root == null) return null;
Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();
queue.add(root);
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
int size = queue.size();
Node current = null;
while (size > 0) {
Node node = queue.poll();
if (node.right != null) queue.add(node.right);
if (node.left != null) queue.add(node.left);
node.next = current;
current = node;
size--;
}
}
return root;
}
}
方法二:递归
递归的时候我们通常就分解为递归子问题和递归结束条件。
递归子问题
- 左右子树分别连起来
递归结束条件
- node == null, 直接返回
- node.left != null, 把left.next连到node.right
- node.right != null && node.next != null, 把node的right 连到 node.next的left。例如遍历到2这个节点,把5连接到6.
class Solution {
public Node connect(Node root) {
// o(1) space.
if (root == null) return null;
if (root.left != null) root.left.next = root.right;
if (root.right != null && root.next != null) root.right.next = root.next.left;
connect(root.left);
connect(root.right);
return root;
}
}
方法三: 层序遍历 o(1)空间复杂度
层序遍历我们之前用队列来做,但是有时候我们会要求层序遍历用常数的空间复杂度来解。这种方法最关键的地方在于理解如何从上一层切换到下一层的。dummy的作用用于记录上一层的第一个节点是谁,每当遍历完一层之后,切到下一层.
class Solution {
public Node connect(Node root) {
Node dummy = new Node(0);
Node pre = dummy;
Node currentRoot = root;
while (currentRoot != null) {
if (currentRoot.left != null) {
pre.next = currentRoot.left;
pre = pre.next;
}
if (currentRoot.right != null) {
pre.next = currentRoot.right;
pre = pre.next;
}
currentRoot = currentRoot.next;
if (currentRoot == null) {
// 切换层.
pre = dummy;
currentRoot = dummy.next;
dummy.next = null;
}
}
return root;
}
}
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