2

背景

熟悉 React 的小伙伴对这个错误信息一定不陌生:

Warning: Can't call setState (or forceUpdate) on an unmounted component. This is a no-op, but it indicates a memory leak in your application. To fix, cancel all subscriptions and asynchronous tasks in the componentWillUnmount method.

之前也看到过, 但是一直没处理。 早上趁喝茶的功夫决定看一下。

复现的路径: 在某个请求结果没回来之前就切换页面, 必现。

原因

clipboard.png

这种问题出现一般是, 请求发出得到结果之后, 进行了 setState 的操作。 形如:

class Demo extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);

    this.state = {
      news: [],
    };
  }

  componentDidMount() {
    axios
      .get('https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=react')
      .then(result =>
        this.setState({
          news: result.data,
        }),
      );
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <ul>
        {this.state.news.map(topic => (
          <li key={topic.objectID}>{topic.title}</li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    );
  }
}

在结果回来之前, 我们切换路由, 组件销毁, 但是请求是异步的, 结果回来之后, 组件已经销毁了, 这个之后执行 setState 可能会有意想不到的后果, 正如error 信息提示的那样.

知道原因之后, 就比较好解决了:

  • 在组件销毁之前, cancel 掉发出的请求。

找资料的过程中也发现了一些 脑洞大开的解决办法:

几种开脑洞的解决办法

标志位法(不推荐)

这个方法的思路也很简单, 给个标志位, 比如叫 _isMounted

class Demo extends Component {
  _isMounted = false;

  constructor(props) {
    super(props);

    this.state = {
      news: [],
    };
  }

  componentDidMount() {
    this._isMounted = true;

    axios
      .get('https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=react')
      .then(result => {
        if (this._isMounted) {
          this.setState({
            news: result.data.hits,
          });
        }
      });
  }

  componentWillUnmount() {
    this._isMounted = false;
  }

  render() {
     // ...
  }
}

Unmount 之后, 标志位为false , 不执行setState. 自然也就不会报错。

顺着这个思路,干脆写个组件统一处理, 形如

import React from 'react';

function inject_prevent_setState_after_unount(target) {
  let componentWillUnmount = target.prototype.componentWillUnmount;
  target.prototype.componentWillUnmount = function() {
    if (componentWillUnmount) componentWillUnmount.call(this, ...arguments);
    this.unmount = true;
  };

  let setState = target.prototype.setState;
  target.prototype.setState = function() {
    if (this.unmount) return;
    setState.call(this, ...arguments);
  };
}

@inject_prevent_setState_after_unount
class BaseComponent extends React.Component {}

export default BaseComponent;

然后在业务代码里直接继承这个组件, 这个和上面的标志位法其实是一个道理,虽然也能 hack 掉错误信息, 但是请求的副作用依旧会发生,这种做法也是不推荐的。

官网上也有对这个情景的描述:

详情请戳我

The primary use case for isMounted() is to avoid calling setState() after a component has unmounted, because calling setState() after a component has unmounted will emit a warning. The “setState warning” exists to help you catch bugs, because calling setState() on an unmounted component is an indication that your app/component has somehow failed to clean up properly. Specifically, calling setState() in an unmounted component means that your app is still holding a reference to the component after the component has been unmounted - which often indicates a memory leak!
To avoid the error message, people often add lines like this:

if (this.isMounted()) { // This is bad.
this.setState({...});
}

官网推荐的做法是: 在componentWillUnmount 的时候取消掉所有的请求。

形如:


class MyComponent extends React.Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    mydatastore.subscribe(this);
  }
  render() {
    ...
  }
  componentWillUnmount() {
    mydatastore.unsubscribe(this);
  }
}

实现一个可以 cancel 的 Promise

我在这也给出一个简单的实现:

// cancelablePromise.js
export const cancelablePromise = promise => {
  let hasCanceled = false;

  const wrappedPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    promise.then(
      value => (hasCanceled ? reject({ isCanceled: true, value }) : resolve(value)),
      error => reject({ isCanceled: hasCanceled, error }),
    );
  });

  return {
    promise: wrappedPromise,
    cancel: () => (hasCanceled = true),
  };
};

在你的组件中:


import React, { Component } from "react";
import cancelablePromise from "./cancelable-promise";

class MyComponent extends Component {
  state = {
    data: [],
    error: null,
  };

  pendingPromises = [];

  componentWillUnmount = () =>
    this.pendingPromises.map(p => p.cancel());

  appendPendingPromise = promise =>
    this.pendingPromises = [...this.pendingPromises, promise];

  removePendingPromise = promise =>
    this.pendingPromises = this.pendingPromises.filter(p => p !== promise);

  handleOnClick = () => {
    const wrappedPromise = cancelablePromise(fetchData());
    this.appendPendingPromise(wrappedPromise);

    return wrappedPromise.promise
      .then(() => this.setState({ data }))
      .then(() => this.removePendingPromise(wrappedPromise))
      .catch(errorInfo => {
        if (!errorInfo.isCanceled) {
          this.setState({ error: errorInfo.error });
          this.removePendingPromise(wrappedPromise);
        }
      });
  }

  render() {
    const { data, error } = this.state;

    if (error) {
      return (
        <div className="error">
          There was an error fetching data: {error}
        </div>
      );
    }

    return (
      <div className="data">
        <button onClick={this.handleClick}>reload data!</button>
        <ul className="data-list">
          {data.map((item, i) => <li key={i}>{item}</li>)}
        </ul>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

这样就保证了setState 的时候, 上下文是完整的, 进而从根本上解决报错的问题。

结语

上面介绍了解决warning几种方式,最好的办法当然是用cancelablePromise来处理, 但是这种方式有一定的侵入性,带来了额外的开发成本。 如果你实在不能忍受那个报错, 可以使用这种方式, 当然也可以选择无视它

具体如何选择还需要各位看官老爷自行斟酌。

以上, 希望对大家有所启发, 谢谢。

参考资料:

https://reactjs.org/blog/2015...
https://github.com/facebook/r...


皮小蛋
8k 声望12.8k 粉丝

积跬步,至千里。