一、React.Component()
用法:
class A extends React.Component {
constructor(props){
super(props)
this.state={ }
}
componentWillMount(){ }
render() {
return { }
}
}
源码:
/**
* Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
*
* This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*/
import invariant from 'shared/invariant';
import lowPriorityWarning from 'shared/lowPriorityWarning';
import ReactNoopUpdateQueue from './ReactNoopUpdateQueue';
const emptyObject = {};
if (__DEV__) {
Object.freeze(emptyObject);
}
/**
* Base class helpers for the updating state of a component.
*/
//帮助更新组件状态的基类
function Component(props, context, updater) {
this.props = props;
//我在工作中没用到context,可以参考下这个:
//https://www.cnblogs.com/mengff/p/9511419.html
//是React封装的全局变量API
this.context = context;
// If a component has string refs, we will assign a different object later.
//如果在组件中用了 ref="stringa" 的话,用另一个obj赋值
this.refs = emptyObject;
// We initialize the default updater but the real one gets injected by the
// renderer.
//虽然给updater赋了默认值,但真正的updater是在renderer中注册的
this.updater = updater || ReactNoopUpdateQueue;
}
//原型上赋了一个flag
Component.prototype.isReactComponent = {};
/** 使用setState来改变Component内部的变量
* Sets a subset of the state. Always use this to mutate
* state. You should treat `this.state` as immutable.
* this.state并不是立即更新的,所以在调用this.setState后可能 不能 拿到新值
* There is no guarantee that `this.state` will be immediately updated, so
* accessing `this.state` after calling this method may return the old value.
*
* 不能保证this.state是同步的(它也不是异步的),使用回调获取最新值
*
* There is no guarantee that calls to `setState` will run synchronously,
* as they may eventually be batched together. You can provide an optional
* callback that will be executed when the call to setState is actually
* completed.
*
* When a function is provided to setState, it will be called at some point in
* the future (not synchronously). It will be called with the up to date
* component arguments (state, props, context). These values can be different
* from this.* because your function may be called after receiveProps but before
* shouldComponentUpdate, and this new state, props, and context will not yet be
* assigned to this.
*
* @param {object|function} partialState Next partial state or function to
* produce next partial state to be merged with current state.
* @param {?function} callback Called after state is updated.
* @final
* @protected
*/
// 更新Component内部变量的API,
// 也是开发中非常常用且重要的API
// https://www.jianshu.com/p/7ab07f8c954c
// https://www.jianshu.com/p/c19e259870a5
//partialState:要更新的state,可以是Object/Function
//callback: setState({xxx},callback)
Component.prototype.setState = function(partialState, callback) {
// 判断setState中的partialState是否符合条件,
// 如果不符合则抛出Error
invariant(
typeof partialState === 'object' ||
typeof partialState === 'function' ||
partialState == null,
'setState(...): takes an object of state variables to update or a ' +
'function which returns an object of state variables.',
);
//重要!state的更新机制
//在react-dom中实现,不在react中实现
this.updater.enqueueSetState(this, partialState, callback, 'setState');
};
/**
* Forces an update. This should only be invoked when it is known with
* certainty that we are **not** in a DOM transaction.
*
* 在Component的深层次改变但未调用setState时,使用该方法
*
* You may want to call this when you know that some deeper aspect of the
* component's state has changed but `setState` was not called.
*
* forceUpdate不调用shouldComponentUpdate方法,
* 但会调用componentWillUpdate和componentDidUpdate方法
*
* This will not invoke `shouldComponentUpdate`, but it will invoke
* `componentWillUpdate` and `componentDidUpdate`.
*
* @param {?function} callback Called after update is complete.
* @final
* @protected
*/
//强制Component更新一次,无论props/state是否更新
Component.prototype.forceUpdate = function(callback) {
this.updater.enqueueForceUpdate(this, callback, 'forceUpdate');
};
解析:
(1)Component()
本质是一个类:
class Component {
constructor(props, context, updater){
this.props = props
this.context = context
this.refs = emptyObject
this.updater = updater || ReactNoopUpdateQueue
}
}
(2)setState()
是 Component 原型上的方法,其本质是调用ReactNoopUpdateQueue.js
中的enqueueSetState()
方法,之后的文章会分析enqueueSetState()
的,不要急
(3)forceUpdate()
同(2)
(4)我以为React.Component()
里面实现componentWillMount()
、render()
等内部方法,其实并没有。
React.Component()
只涉及了props
/context
/refs
/updater
/isReactComponent
/setState
/forceUpdate
,其他均没有自己实现。
二、PureComponent
什么是 PureComponent:
可以看下这篇文章的第一点:小知识11点(2018.9.4 ) :
复用性强的组件:如果一个组件的渲染只依赖于外界传进去的 props 和自己的 state,而并不依赖于其他的外界的任何数据,也就是说像纯函数一样,给它什么,它就吐出(渲染)什么出来。这种组件的复用性是最强的。即 Pure Component 或称 Dumb Component。
用法:
class A extends React.PureComponent {
//同React.Component()
}
源码:
function ComponentDummy() {}
//ComponentDummy的原型 继承 Component的原型
ComponentDummy.prototype = Component.prototype;
/**
* Convenience component with default shallow equality check for sCU.
*/
function PureComponent(props, context, updater) {
this.props = props;
this.context = context;
// If a component has string refs, we will assign a different object later.
this.refs = emptyObject;
this.updater = updater || ReactNoopUpdateQueue;
}
//PureComponent是继承自Component的,下面三行就是在继承Component
//将Component的方法拷贝到pureComponentPrototype上
// 用ComponentDummy的原因是为了不直接实例化一个Component实例,可以减少一些内存使用
const pureComponentPrototype = (PureComponent.prototype = new ComponentDummy());
//PureComponent.prototype.constructor = PureComponent
pureComponentPrototype.constructor = PureComponent;
// Avoid an extra prototype jump for these methods.
//避免多一次原型链查找,因为上面两句已经让PureComponent继承了Component
//下面多写了一句Object.assign(),是为了避免多一次原型链查找
// Object.assign是浅拷贝,
// 将Component.prototype上的方法都复制到PureComponent.prototype上
// 也就是pureComponent的原型上
// 详细请参考:https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign
Object.assign(pureComponentPrototype, Component.prototype);
// 唯一的区别就是在原型上添加了isPureReactComponent属性去表示该Component是PureComponent
pureComponentPrototype.isPureReactComponent = true;
export {Component, PureComponent};
解析:
(1)重点看最后三行做了什么:(减少内存消耗,减少原型链查找次数)
① const pureComponentPrototype = (PureComponent.prototype = new ComponentDummy())
新建了空方法ComponentDummy
,并继承Component
的原型;PureComponent.prototype
等于ComponentDummy
的实例
这样做的目的是:
如果让PureComponent.prototype
直接等于Component
的实例对象的话(继承原型),会多继承Component
的constructor
,但是PureComponent
已经有自己的constructor
了,这样就会多消耗一些内存。
所以会新建ComponentDummy
,只继承Component
的原型,不包括constructor
,以此来节省内存。
② pureComponentPrototype.constructor = PureComponent
原型的constructor
等于自身,覆盖掉Component.prototype
的constructor
(Component)
①、② 就是让PureComponent
继承Component
,那么为什么还要多写一句Object.assign(pureComponentPrototype, Component.prototype)
呢?
③ PureComponent
的prototype
浅拷贝Component
的prototype
的所有属性
不写 ③ 的话:
pureComponentPrototype.__proto__=== ComponentDummy.prototype //true
//也就是
PureComponent.prototype.__proto__=== Component.prototype //true
这样就多了一层隐式原型的查找,为了减少一次原型链查找,所以写了
Object.assign(pureComponentPrototype, Component.prototype)
这样的话:Component.prototype
中的方法在PureComponent.prototype
中都有,无需再从__proto__
上查找了。
(2)pureComponentPrototype.isPureReactComponent = true
在ReactFiberClassComponent.js
中,有对isPureReactComponent
的判断:
if (ctor.prototype && ctor.prototype.isPureReactComponent) {
return (
!shallowEqual(oldProps, newProps) || !shallowEqual(oldState, newState)
);
}
注意:(重要)
(1)整个React
中判断 Component
类 是否需要更新,只有两个地方:
一 是看有没有shouldComponentUpdate
方法
二 就是ReactFiberClassComponent.js
中的checkShouldComponentUpdate()
中对PureComponent
的判断
(2)PureComponent
与Component
唯一的区别:PureComponent
是自带了一个简单的shouldComponentUpdate
来优化更新机制的。
(完)
**粗体** _斜体_ [链接](http://example.com) `代码` - 列表 > 引用
。你还可以使用@
来通知其他用户。