SpringBoot源码分析系列（一）--核心注解

  SpringBoot项目一般都会有Application的入口类，入口类中会有main方法，这是一个标准的java应用程序的入口方法。@SpringBootApplication用于Spring主类上最最最核心的注解，表示这是一个SpringBoot项目，用于开启SpringBoot的各项能力。

  下面我们来分析一下@SpringBootApplication这个注解的组成以及作用

/**
 * Indicates a {@link Configuration configuration} class that declares one or more
 * {@link Bean @Bean} methods and also triggers {@link EnableAutoConfiguration
 * auto-configuration} and {@link ComponentScan component scanning}. This is a convenience
 * annotation that is equivalent to declaring {@code @Configuration},
 * {@code @EnableAutoConfiguration} and {@code @ComponentScan}.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @since 1.2.0
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication

  通过上面的代码我们可以看出来@SpringBootApplication是一个组合注解，主要由@SpringBootConfiguration、@EnableAutoConfiguration和@ComponentScan这三个注解组成的。

@SpringBootConfiguration

/**
 * Indicates that a class provides Spring Boot application
 * {@link Configuration @Configuration}. Can be used as an alternative to the Spring's
 * standard {@code @Configuration} annotation so that configuration can be found
 * automatically (for example in tests).
 * <p>
 * Application should only ever include <em>one</em> {@code @SpringBootConfiguration} and
 * most idiomatic Spring Boot applications will inherit it from
 * {@code @SpringBootApplication}.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @since 1.4.0
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {

}

  通过源码可以看出@SpringBootConfiguration也是一个组合注解。@SpringBootConfiguration是SpringBoot项目的配置注解，标识这是一个被装载的Bean，在SpringBoot项目中推荐使用@SpringBootConfiguration替代@Configuration

@EnableAutoConfiguration

  @EnableAutoConfiguration的作用是开启自动配置功能。以前我们需要配置的东西，SpringBoot帮我们自动配置；@EnableAutoConfiguration告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能；这样自动配置才能生效

/**
 * Enable auto-configuration of the Spring Application Context, attempting to guess and
 * configure beans that you are likely to need. Auto-configuration classes are usually
 * applied based on your classpath and what beans you have defined. For example, if you
 * have {@code tomcat-embedded.jar} on your classpath you are likely to want a
 * {@link TomcatServletWebServerFactory} (unless you have defined your own
 * {@link ServletWebServerFactory} bean).
 * <p>
 * When using {@link SpringBootApplication}, the auto-configuration of the context is
 * automatically enabled and adding this annotation has therefore no additional effect.
 * <p>
 * Auto-configuration tries to be as intelligent as possible and will back-away as you
 * define more of your own configuration. You can always manually {@link #exclude()} any
 * configuration that you never want to apply (use {@link #excludeName()} if you don't
 * have access to them). You can also exclude them via the
 * {@code spring.autoconfigure.exclude} property. Auto-configuration is always applied
 * after user-defined beans have been registered.
 * <p>
 * The package of the class that is annotated with {@code @EnableAutoConfiguration},
 * usually via {@code @SpringBootApplication}, has specific significance and is often used
 * as a 'default'. For example, it will be used when scanning for {@code @Entity} classes.
 * It is generally recommended that you place {@code @EnableAutoConfiguration} (if you're
 * not using {@code @SpringBootApplication}) in a root package so that all sub-packages
 * and classes can be searched.
 * <p>
 * Auto-configuration classes are regular Spring {@link Configuration} beans. They are
 * located using the {@link SpringFactoriesLoader} mechanism (keyed against this class).
 * Generally auto-configuration beans are {@link Conditional @Conditional} beans (most
 * often using {@link ConditionalOnClass @ConditionalOnClass} and
 * {@link ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnMissingBean} annotations).
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @see ConditionalOnBean
 * @see ConditionalOnMissingBean
 * @see ConditionalOnClass
 * @see AutoConfigureAfter
 * @see SpringBootApplication
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

    /**
     * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
     * @return the classes to exclude
     */
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

    /**
     * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
     * applied.
     * @return the class names to exclude
     * @since 1.3.0
     */
    String[] excludeName() default {};

}

  当我们启用了@EnableAutoConfiguration注解，启动自动配置后，该注解会使SpringBoot根据项目中依赖的jar包自动配置项目的配置项。例如：引入了Spring-boot-starter-web的依赖，项目中也就会引入SpringMVC的依赖，SpringBoot就会自动配置tomcat和SpringMVC

@ComponentScan

  @ComponentScan注解会自动扫描包路径下的所有@Controller、@Service、@Repository、@Component的类，不配置包路径的话，SpringBoot中默认扫描@SpringBootApplication注解所在类的同级目录以及子目录下的相关注解。