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前言

微前端 —— 理论篇
上一篇介绍了微前端的理念,本片将开始介绍portal项目。

portal项目介绍

        portal项目包括两个功能:
        1. 路由分发与应用加载;
        2. 抽离公共依赖;

目录结构如下:
图片描述

具体实现

  1. 新建一个文件夹,命名随便,我的是portal
            执行npm init -y初始化package.json
            现在我们要做什么呢?肯定是先引入依赖包啊
            webpack打包相关和babel和简单几个需要的loader就行了
            npm i webpack webpack-cli webpack-dev-server style-loader css-loader copy-webpack-plugin clean-webpack-plugin babel-loader babel-core @babel/preset-env @babel/plugin-syntax-dynamic-import @babel/core -D
            由于我们还需要同时运行公共依赖引入和应用加载两个服务,所以再 npm i concurrently -D
  2. 在引入所需的依赖之后,开始实现相关功能。先实现公共依赖的引入吧。在上一步我们没有引入single-spa的依赖包,是因为single-spa的依赖包是作为公共依赖导入的。
            先创建一个公共依赖的文件夹,这个文件夹在任何地方都可以,因为我们是通过远程链接引入的,要是你认为的single-spa.js文件可以通过远程cdn或者其他链接取到,可以跳过这一步了,下面是我创建的公共依赖库文件夹。
    图片描述

            里面全是我的公共依赖文件

            
            在portal下新建src文件夹,新建文件index.html,作为我们整个项目的页面文件。代码如下

          <!DOCTYPE html>
              <html>
                <head>
                  <meta charset="utf-8" />
                  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
                  <title></title>
                </head>
                <body>
                  // 此处为从远程导入各个项目的js文件
                  // (react、vue项目打包和运行都会产生一个js文件,此文件就是动态渲染页面用的)
                  // config.js是portal项目产生的,用来进行路由分发与组件状态管理等
                  <script type="systemjs-importmap">
                    {
                      "imports": {
                        "@portal/config": "http://localhost:8233/config.js",
                        "@portal/menu": "http://localhost:8235/menu.js",
                        "@portal/project1": "http://localhost:8236/project1.js",
                        "@portal/project2": "http://localhost:8237/project2.js"
                      }
                    }
                  </script>
                  <!-- 这里是引入我们的systemjs,在公共依赖文件夹中,通过http-server开启的本地服务,进行远程访问-->
                  <script src='http://localhost:8000/systemjs/system.js'></script>
                  <script src='http://localhost:8000/systemjs/amd.js'></script>
                  <script src='http://localhost:8000/systemjs/named-exports.js'></script>
                  <script src='http://localhost:8000/systemjs/use-default.js'></script>
                  
                  <!-- 执行 common-deps.js-->
                  <!-- Load the common deps-->
                  <script src="http://localhost:8234/common-deps.js"></script>
              
                  <!-- Load the application -->
                  <script>
                      // 执行config.js,进行页面的动态渲染
                    System.import('@portal/config')
                  </script>
              
                  <!-- Static navbar -->
                  <!-- 引入样式文件 -->
                  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://localhost:8233/styles.css">
                  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto" rel="stylesheet">
                  <!-- 菜单容器 -->
                  <div id='menu'></div>
                  <div id='content'>
                      <!-- react应用容器 -->
                    <div id="react"></div>
                      <!-- vue应用容器 -->
                    <div id="vue"></div>
                  </div>
                </body>
              </html>
    

            接下来实现common-deps.js,将我们所有的公共依赖文件统一引入,并命名

          window.SystemJS = window.System
    
          function insertNewImportMap(newMapJSON) {
            const newScript = document.createElement('script')
            newScript.type = 'systemjs-importmap'
            newScript.text = JSON.stringify(newMapJSON)
            const allMaps = document.querySelectorAll('script[type="systemjs-importmap"]')
          
            allMaps[allMaps.length - 1].insertAdjacentElement(
              'afterEnd',
              newScript
            )
          }
          
          const devDependencies = {
            imports: {
              react: 'http://localhost:8000/react.development.js',
              'react-dom': 'http://localhost:8000/react-dom.development.js',
              'react-dom/server': 'http://localhost:8000/react-dom-server.browser.development.js',
              'single-spa': 'http://localhost:8000/single-spa.min.js',
              lodash: 'http://localhost:8000/lodash.js',
              rxjs: 'http://localhost:8000/rxjs.umd.js',
            }
          }
          
          const prodDependencies = {
            imports: {
              react: 'http://localhost:8000/react.production.min.js',
              'react-dom': 'http://localhost:8000/react-dom.production.min.js',
              'react-dom/server': 'http://localhost:8000/react-dom-server.browser.production.min.js',
              'single-spa': 'http://localhost:8000/single-spa.min.js',
              lodash: 'http://localhost:8000/lodash.min.js',
              rxjs: 'http://localhost:8000/rxjs.umd.min.js',
            }
          }
          
          const devMode = true // you will need to figure out a way to use a set of production dependencies instead
          if (devMode) {
            insertNewImportMap(devDependencies)
          } else {
            insertNewImportMap(prodDependencies)
          }  

            公共依赖的抽取代码已经实现了,下面就配置webpack,将这些依赖进行打包,在项目根目录创建 webpack.common-deps.config.jswebpack.common-deps.config.dev.js


            webpack.common-deps.config.js

      const path = require('path')
      const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin')
      const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin');
      
      module.exports = {
        entry: './src/common-deps.js',
        output: {
          filename: 'common-deps.js',
          path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'build/common-deps'),
          chunkFilename: '[name].js',
        },
        mode: 'production',
        node: {
          fs: 'empty',
        },
        resolve: {
          modules: [
            __dirname,
            'node_modules',
          ],
        },
        devtool: 'sourcemap',
        plugins: [
          new CleanWebpackPlugin(['build/common-deps/']),
          CopyWebpackPlugin([
            {from: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/common-deps.js')}
          ]),
        ],
        module: {
          rules: [
            {parser: {System: false}},
            {
              test: /\.js$/,
              exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
              use: {
                loader: 'babel-loader',
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }



            webpack.common-deps.config.dev.js

      /* eslint-env node */
      const config = require('./webpack.common-deps.config.js');
      const webpack = require('webpack');
      
      config.plugins.push(new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin());
      config.plugins.push(new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin());
      config.devServer = {
        headers: {
          "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
        },
      }
      
      config.mode = 'development'
      
      module.exports = config;
    

            上面配置dev-server跨域,很重要!!!否则会因为无法跨域,访问不到js文件


            最后在package.jsonscripts中添加命令

      "scripts": {
          "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
          "start:common-deps": "webpack-dev-server --config ./webpack.common-deps.config.dev.js --port 8234",
          "build:common-deps": "webpack --config ./webpack.common-deps.config.js -p"
        },
    

            至此,公共依赖的抽取已经完成,执行npm run start:common-deps,公共依赖就被打包到了portal项目下的build/common-deps/目录,通过import也可以正常导入使用(归功于system)

  3. 公共依赖抽取实现、配置完毕之后,开始利用single-spa构建我们的路由分发系统


            在src中创建文件activityFns.js,实现路由的正确匹配,内容如下:

      export function prefix(location, ...prefixes) {
          return prefixes.some(
            prefix => (
              location.href.indexOf(`${location.origin}/${prefix}`) !== -1
            )
          )
        }
        // return true 则加载 false则不加载
        // 这里的menu是菜单,按理应该一直加载出来的,因此return true
        export function menu(location) {
          return true
        }
      
        export function project1(location) {
          return prefix(location, '', 'page1', 'page2')
        }
      
        export function project2(location) {
          return prefix(location, 'page3', 'page4')
        }
     

            在src中创建文件config.js,通过single-spa实现路由的注册

      import * as isActive from './activityFns.js'
      import * as singleSpa from 'single-spa'
      
      singleSpa.registerApplication('menu', () => SystemJS.import('@portal/menu'), isActive.menu)
      singleSpa.registerApplication('project1', () => SystemJS.import('@portal/project1'), isActive.project1)
      singleSpa.registerApplication('project2', () => SystemJS.import('@portal/project2'), isActive.project2)
      singleSpa.start()
     
     

            配置webpack打包,在项目根目录创建文件webpack.config.config.js,内容如下:

      /* eslint-env node */
      const webpack = require('webpack')
      const path = require('path');
      const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
      const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin');
      
      module.exports = {
        entry: './src/config.js',
        output: {
          filename: 'config.js',
          library: 'config',
          libraryTarget: 'amd',
          path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'build'),
        },
        mode: 'production',
        module: {
          rules: [
            {parser: {System: false}},
            {
              test: /\.js?$/,
              exclude: [path.resolve(__dirname, 'node_modules')],
              loader: 'babel-loader',
            },
            {
              test: /\.css$/,
              exclude: [path.resolve(__dirname, 'node_modules'), /\.krem.css$/],
              use: [
                'style-loader',
                {
                  loader: 'css-loader',
                  options: {
                    localIdentName: '[path][name]__[local]',
                  },
                },
                {
                  loader: 'postcss-loader',
                  options: {
                    plugins() {
                      return [
                        require('autoprefixer')
                      ];
                    },
                  },
                },
              ],
            },
            {
              test: /\.css$/,
              include: [path.resolve(__dirname, 'node_modules')],
              exclude: [/\.krem.css$/],
              use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader'],
            },
          ],
        },
        resolve: {
          modules: [
            __dirname,
            'node_modules',
          ],
        },
        plugins: [
          CopyWebpackPlugin([
            {from: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/index.html')},
            {from: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/styles.css')},
          ]),
          new CleanWebpackPlugin(['build']),
        ],
        devtool: 'source-map',
        externals: [
          /^lodash$/,
          /^single-spa$/,
          /^rxjs\/?.*$/,
        ],
      };

            上面的配置中,最后的externals属性值配置不需要webpack打包的依赖,因为这些在公共依赖中已经打包好了,不需要单独打包


            在项目根目录创建文件webpack.config.config.dev.js,内容如下:

      const config = require('./webpack.config.config.js')
      const webpack = require('webpack')
      
      config.plugins.push(new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin());
      config.plugins.push(new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin());
      config.devServer = {
        contentBase: './build',
        historyApiFallback: true,
        headers: {
          "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
        },
        proxy: {
          "/common/": {
            target: "http://localhost:8234",
            pathRewrite: {"^/common" : ""}
          }
        }
      }
      
      config.mode = 'development'
      
      module.exports = config;

            同样配置跨域
            在package.json中添加命令,最终内容如下

      {
        "name": "portal",
        "version": "1.0.0",
        "description": "",
        "main": "index.js",
        "scripts": {
          "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
          "start": "concurrently \"npm run start:config\" \"npm run start:common-deps\"",
          "start:config": "webpack-dev-server --config ./webpack.config.config.dev.js --port 8233",
          "start:common-deps": "webpack-dev-server --config ./webpack.common-deps.config.dev.js --port 8234",
          "build": "npm run build:config && npm run build:common-deps",
          "build:config": "webpack --config ./webpack.config.config.js -p",
          "build:common-deps": "webpack --config ./webpack.common-deps.config.js -p"
        },
        "keywords": [],
        "author": "",
        "license": "ISC",
        "devDependencies": {
          "@babel/core": "^7.4.3",
          "@babel/plugin-syntax-dynamic-import": "7.0.0",
          "@babel/preset-env": "^7.4.3",
          "babel-core": "6.26.3",
          "babel-loader": "8.0.0",
          "clean-webpack-plugin": "0.1.19",
          "concurrently": "^4.1.1",
          "copy-webpack-plugin": "4.5.2",
          "css-loader": "1.0.0",
          "style-loader": "0.23.0",
          "webpack": "4.17.1",
          "webpack-cli": "3.1.0",
          "webpack-dev-server": "^3.1.14"
        }
      }
    

        至此,整个portal项目就搭建完毕了,下一篇,我们实现menu项目和project1项目


        项目源码
        Portal源码

        微前端 —— 理论篇
        微前端 —— menu&&project1(React)
        微前端 —— project2项目(VUE)


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