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Webpack源码阅读之Tapable

webpack采用Tapable来进行流程控制,在这套体系上,内部近百个插件有条不紊,还能支持外部开发自定义插件来扩展功能,所以在阅读webpack源码前先了解Tapable的机制是很有必要的。

Tapable的基本使用方法就不介绍了,可以参考官方文档

1. 例子

从网上拷贝了一个简单的使用例子:

//main.js
const { SyncHook } = require('tapable')

//创建一个简单的同步串行钩子
let h1 = new SyncHook(['arg1,arg2']);

//在钩子上添加订阅者,钩子被call时会触发订阅的回调函数
h1.tap('A',function(arg){
  console.log('A',arg);
  return 'b'
})
h1.tap('B',function(){
  console.log('b')
})
h1.tap('C',function(){
  console.log('c')
})

//在钩子上添加拦截器
h1.intercept({
  //钩子被call的时候触发
  call: (...args)=>{
     console.log(...args, '-------------intercept call');
  },
  //定义拦截器的时候注册taps
  register:(tap)=>{
     console.log(tap, '------------------intercept register');
  },
  //循环方法
  loop:(...args)=>{
     console.log(...args, '---------------intercept loop')
  },
  //tap调用前触发
  tap:(tap)=>{
     console.log(tap, '---------------intercept tap')
  }
})

//触发钩子
h1.call(6)

2. 调试方法

最直接的方式是在 chrome 中通过断点在关键代码上进行调试,在如何使用 Chrome 调试webpack源码中学到了调试的技巧:

我们可以用 node-inspector 在chrome中调试nodejs代码,这比命令行中调试方便太多了。nodejs 从 v6.x 开始已经内置了一个 inspector,当我们启动的时候可以加上 --inspect 参数即可:

node --inspect app.js

然后打开chrome,打开一个新页面,地址是: chrome://inspect,就可以在 chrome 中调试你的代码了。

如果你的JS代码是执行一遍就结束了,可能没时间加断点,那么你可能希望在启动的时候自动在第一行自动加上断点,可以使用这个参数 --inspect-brk,这样会自动断点在你的第一行代码上。

3. 源码分析

安装好Tapable包,根据上述方法,我们运行如下命令:

node --inspect-brk main.js 

图片描述

3.1 初始化

在构造函数处打上断点,step into可以看到SyncHook继承自Hook,上面定义了一个compile函数。

class SyncHook extends Hook {
    tapAsync() {
        throw new Error("tapAsync is not supported on a SyncHook");
    }

    tapPromise() {
        throw new Error("tapPromise is not supported on a SyncHook");
    }

    compile(options) {
        factory.setup(this, options);
        return factory.create(options);
    }
}

再step into来到Hook.js

class Hook {
    //初始化
    constructor(args) {
      if (!Array.isArray(args)) args = [];
      this._args = args;
      //订阅者数组
      this.taps = [];
      //拦截器数组
      this.interceptors = [];
      //原型上触发钩子的方法,为什么复制到构造函数上?
      this.call = this._call;
      this.promise = this._promise;
      this.callAsync = this._callAsync;
      //用于保存订阅者回调函数数组
      this._x = undefined;
    }
    ...
    }

h1初始化完成:

h1:{
  call: ƒ lazyCompileHook(...args)
  callAsync: ƒ lazyCompileHook(...args)
  interceptors: []
  promise: ƒ lazyCompileHook(...args)
  taps: []
  _args: ["options"]
  _x: undefined
}
3.2 注册观察者

Tapable采用观察者模式来进行流程管理,在钩子上使用tap方法注册观察者,钩子被call时,观察者对象上定义的回调函数按照不同规则触发(钩子类型不同,触发顺序不同)。

Step into tap方法:

//options='A', fn=f(arg)
tap(options, fn) {
        //类型检测
        if (typeof options === "string") options = { name: options };
        if (typeof options !== "object" || options === null)
            throw new Error(
                "Invalid arguments to tap(options: Object, fn: function)"
            );
        //options ==>{type: "sync", fn: fn,name:options}
        options = Object.assign({ type: "sync", fn: fn }, options);
        if (typeof options.name !== "string" || options.name === "")
            throw new Error("Missing name for tap");
      //这里调用拦截器上的register方法,当intercept定义在tap前时,会在这里调用intercept.register(options), 当intercept定义在tap后时,会在intercept方法中调用intercept.register(this.taps)
        options = this._runRegisterInterceptors(options);
        //根据before, stage 的值来排序this.taps = [{type: "sync", fn: fn,name:options}]
        this._insert(options);
    }

当三个观察者注册完成后,h1变为:

{
  call: ƒ lazyCompileHook(...args)
  callAsync: ƒ lazyCompileHook(...args)
  interceptors: []
  promise: ƒ lazyCompileHook(...args)
  taps:[
       0: {type: "sync", fn: ƒ, name: "A"}
    1: {type: "sync", fn: ƒ, name: "B"}
    2: {type: "sync", fn: ƒ, name: "C"}
  ]
  length: 3
  __proto__: Array(0)
  _args: ["options"]
_x: undefined
}
3.3 注册拦截器

在调用h1.intercept() 处step into,可以看到定义的拦截回调被推入this.interceptors中。

intercept(interceptor) {
        this._resetCompilation();
        this.interceptors.push(Object.assign({}, interceptor));
        if (interceptor.register) {
            for (let i = 0; i < this.taps.length; i++)
                this.taps[i] = interceptor.register(this.taps[i]);
        }
    }

此时h1变为:

{
  call: ƒ lazyCompileHook(...args)
  callAsync: ƒ lazyCompileHook(...args)
  interceptors: Array(1)
    0:
    call: (...args) => {…}
    loop: (...args) => {…}
    register: (tap) => {…}
    tap: (tap) => {…}
    __proto__: Object
    length: 1
    __proto__: Array(0)
  promise: ƒ lazyCompileHook(...args)
  taps: Array(3)
    0: {type: "sync", fn: ƒ, name: "A"}
    1: {type: "sync", fn: ƒ, name: "B"}
    2: {type: "sync", fn: ƒ, name: "C"}
    length: 3
    __proto__: Array(0)
  _args: ["options"]
  _x: undefined
}
3.4 钩子调用

在观察者和拦截器都注册后,会保存在this.interceptorsthis.taps中;当我们调用h1.call()函数后,会按照一定的顺序调用它们,现在我们来看看具体的流程,在call方法调用时step into, 会来到Hook.js中的createCompileDelegate函数。

function createCompileDelegate(name, type) {
    return function lazyCompileHook(...args) {
        this[name] = this._createCall(type);
        return this[name](...args);
    };
}

因为_call函数定义在Hook原型上,并通过在构造函数中this.call=this.__call赋值。

Object.defineProperties(Hook.prototype, {
    _call: {
        value: createCompileDelegate("call", "sync"),
        configurable: true,
        writable: true
    },
    _promise: {
        value: createCompileDelegate("promise", "promise"),
        configurable: true,
        writable: true
    },
    _callAsync: {
        value: createCompileDelegate("callAsync", "async"),
        configurable: true,
        writable: true
    }
});

按照执行顺序转到 this._createCall

_createCall(type) {
        return this.compile({
            taps: this.taps,
            interceptors: this.interceptors,
            args: this._args,
            type: type
        });
    }

this.compile()处step into 跳转到SyncHook.js上的compile方法上,其实我们在Hook.js上就可以看到,compile是需要在子类上重写的方法, 在SyncHook上其实现如下:

compile(options) {
        factory.setup(this, options);
        return factory.create(options);
    }

class SyncHookCodeFactory extends HookCodeFactory {
    content({ onError, onDone, rethrowIfPossible }) {
        return this.callTapsSeries({
            onError: (i, err) => onError(err),
            onDone,
            rethrowIfPossible
        });
    }
}

const factory = new SyncHookCodeFactory();

factory.setup处step into,可以看到factory.setup(this, options)其实只是把taps上注册的回调推入this._x:

    setup(instance, options) {
        instance._x = options.taps.map(t => t.fn);
    }

factory.create中定义了this.interceptorsthis.taps的具体执行顺序,在这里step into:

//HookFactory.js
create(options) {
        this.init(options);
        let fn;
        switch (this.options.type) {
            case "sync":
                fn = new Function(
                    this.args(),
                    '"use strict";\n' +
                        this.header() +
                        this.content({
                            onError: err => `throw ${err};\n`,
                            onResult: result => `return ${result};\n`,
                            resultReturns: true,
                            onDone: () => "",
                            rethrowIfPossible: true
                        })
                );
                break;
            case "async":
                ....
            case "promise":
                ....
        }
        this.deinit();
        return fn;
    }

可以看到这里是通过new Function构造函数传入this.interceptorsthis.taps动态进行字符串拼接生成函数体执行的。

this.header()中打断点:

header() {
        let code = "";
        if (this.needContext()) {
            code += "var _context = {};\n";
        } else {
            code += "var _context;\n";
        }
        code += "var _x = this._x;\n";
        if (this.options.interceptors.length > 0) {
            code += "var _taps = this.taps;\n";
            code += "var _interceptors = this.interceptors;\n";
        }
        for (let i = 0; i < this.options.interceptors.length; i++) {
            const interceptor = this.options.interceptors[i];
            if (interceptor.call) {
                code += `${this.getInterceptor(i)}.call(${this.args({
                    before: interceptor.context ? "_context" : undefined
                })});\n`;
            }
        }
        return code;
    }

生成的code如下,其执行了拦截器中定义的call回调:

"var _context;
var _x = this._x;
var _taps = this.taps;
var _interceptors = this.interceptors;
_interceptors[0].call(options);

this.content()打断点,可以看到this.content定义在HookCodeFactory中:

class SyncHookCodeFactory extends HookCodeFactory {
    content({ onError, onDone, rethrowIfPossible }) {
        return this.callTapsSeries({
            onError: (i, err) => onError(err),
            onDone,
            rethrowIfPossible
        });
    }
}

其返回了定义在子类中的callTapsSeries方法:

callTapsSeries({
        onError,
        onResult,
        resultReturns,
        onDone,
        doneReturns,
        rethrowIfPossible
    }) {
        if (this.options.taps.length === 0) return onDone();
        const firstAsync = this.options.taps.findIndex(t => t.type !== "sync");
        const somethingReturns = resultReturns || doneReturns || false;
        let code = "";
        let current = onDone;
        for (let j = this.options.taps.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
            const i = j;
            const unroll = current !== onDone && this.options.taps[i].type !== "sync";
            if (unroll) {
                code += `function _next${i}() {\n`;
                code += current();
                code += `}\n`;
                current = () => `${somethingReturns ? "return " : ""}_next${i}();\n`;
            }
            const done = current;
            const doneBreak = skipDone => {
                if (skipDone) return "";
                return onDone();
            };
            const content = this.callTap(i, {
                onError: error => onError(i, error, done, doneBreak),
                onResult:
                    onResult &&
                    (result => {
                        return onResult(i, result, done, doneBreak);
                    }),
                onDone: !onResult && done,
                rethrowIfPossible:
                    rethrowIfPossible && (firstAsync < 0 || i < firstAsync)
            });
            current = () => content;
        }
        code += current();
        return code;
    }

具体的拼接步骤这里就不详述了,感兴趣可以自己debugger,嘿嘿。最后返回的code为:

var _tap0 = _taps[0];
_interceptors[0].tap(_tap0);
var _fn0 = _x[0];
_fn0(options);
var _tap1 = _taps[1];
_interceptors[0].tap(_tap1);
var _fn1 = _x[1];
_fn1(options);
var _tap2 = _taps[2];
_interceptors[0].tap(_tap2);
var _fn2 = _x[2];
_fn2(options);
var _tap3 = _taps[3];
_interceptors[0].tap(_tap3);
var _fn3 = _x[3];
_fn3(options);

这里定义了taps和其相应的拦截器的执行顺序。

4. webpack调试技巧

当我们调试webpack源码是,经常需要在钩子被call的代码处调试到具体插件的执行过程,可以参考上述过程进行调试,具体步骤为:

  • 在call处step into

图片描述

  • 在return处step into

图片描述

  • 得到生成的动态函数

    (function anonymous(options
    ) {
    "use strict";
      var _context;
      var _x = this._x;
      var _taps = this.taps;
      var _interceptors = this.interceptors;
      _interceptors[0].call(options);
      var _tap0 = _taps[0];
      _interceptors[0].tap(_tap0);
      var _fn0 = _x[0];
      _fn0(options);
      var _tap1 = _taps[1];
      _interceptors[0].tap(_tap1);
      var _fn1 = _x[1];
      _fn1(options);
      var _tap2 = _taps[2];
      _interceptors[0].tap(_tap2);
      var _fn2 = _x[2];
      _fn2(options);
      var _tap3 = _taps[3];
      _interceptors[0].tap(_tap3);
      var _fn3 = _x[3];
      _fn3(options);
    })
  • 在fn(options)处打step into

    图片描述

  • 回到tap注册的函数

    h1.tap('A', function (arg) {
        console.log('A',arg);
        return 'b'; 
    })

karl
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