《极速体验docker容器健康》一文已体验了docker容器健康检查功能,今天就来给java应用的容器加入健康检查,使应用的状态随时都可以被监控和查看。

实战环境信息

  1. 操作系统:macOS Catalina 10.15
  2. Docker:19.03.2

java应用简介

今天实战的java应用,是用来模拟生产环境应用的,特点如下:

  1. 普通springboot应用,对外提供http服务,路径:<font color="blue">/hello</font>
  2. springboot应用运行在docker容器,在容器的<font color="blue">/app/depend/</font>目录下有名为<font color="blue">abc.txt</font>的文件;
  3. 上述abc.txt文件存在时,springboot应用的hello接口正常,若abc.txt不存在,springboot应用就不对外提供服务,相当于不健康状态(以此来模拟应用出现异常);

源码下载

如果您不想写代码,上述springboot应用的源码可在GitHub下载到,地址和链接信息如下表所示:

名称 链接 备注
项目主页 https://github.com/zq2599/blo... 该项目在GitHub上的主页
git仓库地址(https) https://github.com/zq2599/blo... 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议
git仓库地址(ssh) git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议

这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本章的应用在<font color="blue">springboot-app-docker-health-check</font>文件夹下,如下图红框所示:
在这里插入图片描述

步骤简介

应用接入容器健康检查的步骤如下:

  1. 将java应用制作成docker镜像时需要基础镜像,因此先准备好基础镜像,将容器健康检查的参数都配置在基础镜像中,包括提供容器健康信息的接口路径,这里定为<font color="blue">/getstate</font>;
  2. 改造java应用,提供<font color="blue">/getstate</font>接口服务,根据业务的实际情况决定当前应用是否健康,健康时返回码为200,不健康时返回码为403;
  3. 编译构建应用并且生成docker镜像;
  4. 验证;

制作基础镜像

  1. 创建名为<font color="blue">Dockerfile</font>的文件,内容如下:
# Docker file from bolingcavalry # VERSION 0.0.1
# Author: bolingcavalry

#基础镜像
FROM openjdk:8-jdk-stretch

#作者
MAINTAINER BolingCavalry <zq2599@gmail.com>

#健康检查参数设置,每5秒检查一次,接口超时时间2秒,连续10次返回1就判定该容器不健康
HEALTHCHECK --interval=5s --timeout=2s --retries=10 \
  CMD curl --silent --fail localhost:8080/getstate || exit 1

由上述可见Dockerfile的内容非常简单,选定自身的基础镜像为<font color="blue">openjdk:8-jdk-stretch</font>,再配置好健康检查参数:

参数名 作用
health-cmd 指定命令在容器内执行,用于检查容器健康状态
health-interval 每次健康检查的间隔时间,默认30秒
health-retries 假设该值为3,表示若连续三次检测的返回结果都是不健康,就判定该容器不健康,默认值为3
health-timeout 超时时间,默认30秒
  1. 在Dockerfile文件所在目录执行命令<font color="blue">docker build -t bolingcavalry/jdk8-healthcheck:0.0.1 .</font>(最后那个点号不要漏掉),控制台输出如下,提示镜像构建成功:
(base) zhaoqindeMacBook-Pro:springboot-app-docker-health-check zhaoqin$ docker build -t bolingcavalry/jdk8-healthcheck:0.0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  217.6kB
Step 1/3 : FROM openjdk:8-jdk-stretch
8-jdk-stretch: Pulling from library/openjdk
9a0b0ce99936: Already exists
db3b6004c61a: Already exists
f8f075920295: Already exists
6ef14aff1139: Already exists
962785d3b7f9: Already exists
631589572f9b: Already exists
c55a0c6f4c7b: Already exists
Digest: sha256:8bce852e5ccd41b17bf9704c0047f962f891bdde3e401678a52d14a628defa49
Status: Downloaded newer image for openjdk:8-jdk-stretch
 ---> 57c2c2d2643d
Step 2/3 : MAINTAINER BolingCavalry <zq2599@gmail.com>
 ---> Running in 270f78efa617
Removing intermediate container 270f78efa617
 ---> 01b5df83611d
Step 3/3 : HEALTHCHECK --interval=5s --timeout=2s --retries=10   CMD curl --silent --fail localhost:8080/getstate || exit 1
 ---> Running in 7cdd08b9ca22
Removing intermediate container 7cdd08b9ca22
 ---> 9dd7ffb22df4
Successfully built 9dd7ffb22df4
Successfully tagged bolingcavalry/jdk8-healthcheck:0.0.1
  1. 此时宿主机上已经有了名为<font color="blue">bolingcavalry/jdk8-healthcheck:0.0.1</font>的镜像,该镜像带有容器健康检查的参数配置,以此作为基础镜像来构建的其他镜像都集成了健康检查的特性;
  2. 如果您已经在hub.docker.com上注册过,就可以用<font color="blue">docker login</font>命令登录,然后执行以下命令将本地镜像推送到hub.docker.com给更多人使用:
docker push bolingcavalry/jdk8-healthcheck:0.0.1

改造Java应用

本次实战的目标是让Java应用支持docker的容器健康检查功能,接下来一起创建这个Java应用:

  1. 这是个基于maven构建的springboot工程,pom.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot-app-docker-health-check</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot-app-docker-health-check</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
          <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
          <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>


            <!--使用jib插件-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.google.cloud.tools</groupId>
                <artifactId>jib-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <!--from节点用来设置镜像的基础镜像,相当于Docerkfile中的FROM关键字-->
                    <from>
                        <!--基础镜像是bolingcavalry/jdk8-healthcheck:0.0.1,该镜像已配置了健康检查参数-->
                        <image>bolingcavalry/jdk8-healthcheck:0.0.1</image>
                    </from>
                    <to>
                        <!--镜像名称和tag,使用了mvn内置变量${project.version},表示当前工程的version-->
                        <image>bolingcavalry/${project.artifactId}:${project.version}</image>
                    </to>
                    <!--容器相关的属性-->
                    <container>
                        <!--jvm内存参数-->
                        <jvmFlags>
                            <jvmFlag>-Xms1g</jvmFlag>
                            <jvmFlag>-Xmx1g</jvmFlag>
                        </jvmFlags>
                        <!--要暴露的端口-->
                        <ports>
                            <port>8080</port>
                        </ports>
                        <!--使用该参数将镜像的创建时间与系统时间对其-->
                        <useCurrentTimestamp>true</useCurrentTimestamp>
                    </container>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

上述pom.xml有以下几处需要注意:
a. 使用jib插件来将当前工程构建成docker镜像;
b. 基础镜像是前面构建的<font color="blue">bolingcavalry/jdk8-healthcheck:0.0.1</font>,以此为基础镜像的镜像都带有健康检查功能;

  1. 主要功能类是<font color="blue">SpringbootAppDockerHealthCheckApplication.java</font>:
package com.bolingcavalry.springbootappdockerhealthcheck;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.List;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class SpringbootAppDockerHealthCheckApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootAppDockerHealthCheckApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * 读取本地文本文件的内容并返回
     * @return
     */
    private String getLocalFileContent() {
        String content = null;

        try{
            InputStream is = new FileInputStream("/app/depend/abc.txt");
            List<String> lines = IOUtils.readLines(is, "UTF-8");

            if(null!=lines && lines.size()>0){
                content = lines.get(0);
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            log.error("local file not found", e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("io exception", e);
        }

        return content;
    }

    /**
     * 对外提供的http服务,读取本地的txt文件将内容返回,
     * 如果读取不到内容返回码为403
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ResponseEntity<String> hello(){
        String localFileContent = getLocalFileContent();

        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(localFileContent)) {
            log.error("hello service error");
            return ResponseEntity.status(403).build();
        } else {
            log.info("hello service success");
            return ResponseEntity.status(200).body(localFileContent);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 该http服务返回当前应用是否正常,
     * 如果能从本地txt文件成功读取内容,当前应用就算正常,返回码为200,
     * 如果无法从本地txt文件成功读取内容,当前应用就算异常,返回码为403
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getstate", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ResponseEntity<String> getstate(){
        String localFileContent = getLocalFileContent();

        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(localFileContent)) {
            log.error("service is unhealthy");
            return ResponseEntity.status(403).build();
        } else {
            log.info("service is healthy");
            return ResponseEntity.status(200).build();
        }
    }
}

上述代码有以下几处需要注意:
a. <font color="blue">hello</font>方法是此应用对外提供的服务,如果本地文件abc.txt存在且内容不为空,hello方法的返回码就是200,否则返回码为403,表示当前服务出现异常;
b. <font color="blue">getstate</font>方法是新增的服务,该接口会被docke-daemon调用,如果返回码是200,就表示容器健康,如果返回码是403,表示容器不健康;

  1. 在pom.xml文件所在目录执行<font color="blue">mvn clean compile -U -DskipTests jib:dockerBuild</font>,即可将当前工程构建为镜像,名为<font color="blue">bolingcavalry/springboot-app-docker-health-check:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</font>
  2. 至此,支持容器健康检查的Java应用镜像构建成功,接下来验证容器的健康检查功能是否正常;

验证步骤

验证的步骤如下:
a. 让应用容器正常工作,确保文件<font color="blue">/app/depend/abc.txt</font>是正常的,此时容器状态应该是<font color="red">healthy</font>
b. 将文件<font color="blue">/app/depend/abc.txt</font>删除,此时应用hello接口返回码为403,并且容器状态变为<font color="red">unhealthy</font>

验证操作

  1. 创建文件<font color="blue">abc.txt</font>,完整路径是<font color="blue">/Users/zhaoqin/temp/201910/20/abc.txt</font>,文件内容是个字符串,例如:123456
  2. 执行以下命令,用新建的java应用镜像创建容器,该容器会将<font color="blue">test</font>文件夹映射到容器的<font color="blue">/app/depend</font>文件夹:
docker run --rm \
--name=java-health-check \
-p 8080:8080 \
-v /Users/zhaoqin/temp/201910/20:/app/depend \
bolingcavalry/springboot-app-docker-health-check:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
  1. 控制台可见以下输出,表明健康检查接口已经被调用:
2019-10-20 14:16:34.875  INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2019-10-20 14:16:34.876  INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2019-10-20 14:16:34.892  INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 16 ms
2019-10-20 14:16:34.959  INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] pringbootAppDockerHealthCheckApplication : service is healthy
2019-10-20 14:16:40.159  INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] pringbootAppDockerHealthCheckApplication : service is healthy
2019-10-20 14:16:45.356  INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-4] pringbootAppDockerHealthCheckApplication : service is healthy
2019-10-20 14:16:50.580  INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] pringbootAppDockerHealthCheckApplication : service is healthy
  1. 执行命令<font color="blue">docker ps</font>查看容器状态,可见已经是<font color="red">healthy</font>:
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:20 zhaoqin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                             COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                        PORTS                    NAMES
51572d2488fb        bolingcavalry/springboot-app-docker-health-check:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT   "java -Xms1g -Xmx1g …"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute (healthy)   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp   java-health-check
  1. 删除宿主机上的<font color="blue">/Users/zhaoqin/temp/201910/20/abc.txt</font>,相当于容器内的abc.txt文件被删除,此时控制台可见健康检查接口在被调用时发现文件不存在,已返回了403错误码:
019-10-20 14:22:37.490 ERROR 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-7] pringbootAppDockerHealthCheckApplication : service is unhealthy
  1. 健康检查接口被连续10次调用后,再执行命令<font color="blue">docker ps</font>查看容器状态,可见已经是<font color="red">unhealthy</font>:
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:20 zhaoqin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                             COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                    NAMES
51572d2488fb        bolingcavalry/springboot-app-docker-health-check:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT   "java -Xms1g -Xmx1g …"   7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes (unhealthy)   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp   java-health-check

至此,Java应用在docker环境配置容器健康检查的实战就完成了,希望您在给自己的应用添加健康检查时,此文能给您一些参考。

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