喜欢尝鲜的同学可能会注意到最新的kubernetes在执行kubectl get cs时输出内容有一些变化,以前是这样的:
> kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
现在变成了:
> kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME Age
controller-manager <unknown>
scheduler <unknown>
etcd-0 <unknown>
起初可能会以为集群部署有问题,通过kubectl get cs -o yaml发现status、message等信息都有,只是没有打印出来。原来是kubectl get cs的输出格式有变化,那么为什么会有此变化,我们来一探究竟。
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定位问题原因
尝试之前的版本,发现1.15还是正常的,调试代码发现对componentstatuses的打印代码在k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/printers/internalversion/printers.go中,其中的AddHandlers方法负责把各种资源的打印函数注册进来。
// AddHandlers adds print handlers for default Kubernetes types dealing with internal versions.
// TODO: handle errors from Handler
func AddHandlers(h printers.PrintHandler) {
......
componentStatusColumnDefinitions := []metav1beta1.TableColumnDefinition{
{Name: "Name", Type: "string", Format: "name", Description: metav1.ObjectMeta{}.SwaggerDoc()["name"]},
{Name: "Status", Type: "string", Description: "Status of the component conditions"},
{Name: "Message", Type: "string", Description: "Message of the component conditions"},
{Name: "Error", Type: "string", Description: "Error of the component conditions"},
}
h.TableHandler(componentStatusColumnDefinitions, printComponentStatus)
h.TableHandler(componentStatusColumnDefinitions, printComponentStatusList)
对AddHandlers的调用位于k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/get/humanreadable_flags.go(正在迁移到staging中,如果找不到就去staging中找)中,如下32行位置:
// ToPrinter receives an outputFormat and returns a printer capable of
// handling human-readable output.
func (f *HumanPrintFlags) ToPrinter(outputFormat string) (printers.ResourcePrinter, error) {
if len(outputFormat) > 0 && outputFormat != "wide" {
return nil, genericclioptions.NoCompatiblePrinterError{Options: f, AllowedFormats: f.AllowedFormats()}
}
showKind := false
if f.ShowKind != nil {
showKind = *f.ShowKind
}
showLabels := false
if f.ShowLabels != nil {
showLabels = *f.ShowLabels
}
columnLabels := []string{}
if f.ColumnLabels != nil {
columnLabels = *f.ColumnLabels
}
p := printers.NewTablePrinter(printers.PrintOptions{
Kind: f.Kind,
WithKind: showKind,
NoHeaders: f.NoHeaders,
Wide: outputFormat == "wide",
WithNamespace: f.WithNamespace,
ColumnLabels: columnLabels,
ShowLabels: showLabels,
})
printersinternal.AddHandlers(p)
// TODO(juanvallejo): handle sorting here
return p, nil
}
查看humanreadable_flags.go文件的修改历史,发现是在2019.6.28日特意去掉了对内部对象的打印,影响版本从1.16之后。
为什么修改
我没有查到官方的说明,在此做一些个人猜测,还原整个过程:
- 最初对api resource的表格打印都是在kubectl中实现
- 这样对于其他客户端需要做重复的事情,而且可能实现的行为不一致,因此有必要将表格打印放到服务端,也就是apiserver中
- 服务端打印的支持经过一个逐步的过程,所以客户端并没有完全去除,是同时支持的,kubectl判断服务端返回的Table就直接打印,否则使用具体对象的打印,客户端和服务端对特定对象的打印都是调用k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/printers/internalversion/printers.go来实现
- 1.11版本将kubectl的命令行参数
--server-print
默认设置为true - 到了1.16版本,社区可能认为所有的对象都移到服务端了,这时就去除了客户端kubectl中的打印
-
但实际上componentstatuses被遗漏了,那么为什么遗漏,可能主要是因为componentstatuses对象跟其他对象不一样,它是每次实时获取,而不是从缓存获取,其他对象,例如pod是从etcd获取,对结果的格式化定义在k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/registry/core/pod/storage/storage.go中,如下15行位置:
// NewStorage returns a RESTStorage object that will work against pods. func NewStorage(optsGetter generic.RESTOptionsGetter, k client.ConnectionInfoGetter, proxyTransport http.RoundTripper, podDisruptionBudgetClient policyclient.PodDisruptionBudgetsGetter) PodStorage { store := &genericregistry.Store{ NewFunc: func() runtime.Object { return &api.Pod{} }, NewListFunc: func() runtime.Object { return &api.PodList{} }, PredicateFunc: pod.MatchPod, DefaultQualifiedResource: api.Resource("pods"), CreateStrategy: pod.Strategy, UpdateStrategy: pod.Strategy, DeleteStrategy: pod.Strategy, ReturnDeletedObject: true, TableConvertor: printerstorage.TableConvertor{TableGenerator: printers.NewTableGenerator().With(printersinternal.AddHandlers)}, }
componentstatuses没有用到真正的Storge,而它又相对不起眼,所以被遗漏了。
暂时解决办法
如果希望打印和原来类似的内容,目前只有通过模板:
kubectl get cs -o=go-template='{{printf "|NAME|STATUS|MESSAGE|\n"}}{{range .items}}{{$name := .metadata.name}}{{range .conditions}}{{printf "|%s|%s|%s|\n" $name .status .message}}{{end}}{{end}}'
输出结果:
|NAME|STATUS|MESSAGE|
|controller-manager|True|ok|
|scheduler|True|ok|
|etcd-0|True|{"health":"true"}|
深入打印处理流程
kubectl通过-o参数控制输出的格式,有yaml、json、模板和表格几种样式,上述问题是出在表格打印时,不加-o参数默认就是表格打印,下面我们详细分析一下kubectl get的打印输出过程。
kubectl
kubectl get的代码入口在k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/get/get.go中,Run字段就是命令执行方法:
func NewCmdGet(parent string, f cmdutil.Factory, streams genericclioptions.IOStreams) *cobra.Command {
......
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
cmdutil.CheckErr(o.Complete(f, cmd, args))
cmdutil.CheckErr(o.Validate(cmd))
cmdutil.CheckErr(o.Run(f, cmd, args))
},
......
}
Complete方法完成了Printer初始化,位于k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/get/get_flags.go中:
func (f *PrintFlags) ToPrinter() (printers.ResourcePrinter, error) {
......
if p, err := f.HumanReadableFlags.ToPrinter(outputFormat); !genericclioptions.IsNoCompatiblePrinterError(err) {
return p, err
}
......
}
不带-o参数时,上述方法返回的是f.HumanReadableFlags.ToPrinter(outputFormat),最后返回的是HumanReadablePrinter对象,位于k8s.io/cli-runtime/pkg/printers/tableprinter.go中:
// NewTablePrinter creates a printer suitable for calling PrintObj().
func NewTablePrinter(options PrintOptions) ResourcePrinter {
printer := &HumanReadablePrinter{
options: options,
}
return printer
}
再回到命令执行主流程,Complete之后主要是Run,其中完成向apiserver发送http请求并打印结果的动作,在发送http请求前,有一个很重要的动作,加入服务端打印的header,服务端打印可以通过--server-print
参数控制,从1.11默认为true,这样服务端如果支持转换就会返回metav1beta1.Table类型,置为false也可以禁用服务端打印:
func (o *GetOptions) transformRequests(req *rest.Request) {
......
if !o.ServerPrint || !o.IsHumanReadablePrinter {
return
}
group := metav1beta1.GroupName
version := metav1beta1.SchemeGroupVersion.Version
tableParam := fmt.Sprintf("application/json;as=Table;v=%s;g=%s, application/json", version, group)
req.SetHeader("Accept", tableParam)
......
}
最后打印是调用的HumanReadablePrinter.PrintObj方法,先判断服务端如果返回的metav1beta1.Table类型就直接打印,其次如果是metav1.Status类型也有专门的处理器,最后就会到默认处理器:
func (h *HumanReadablePrinter) PrintObj(obj runtime.Object, output io.Writer) error {
......
// Parameter "obj" is a table from server; print it.
// display tables following the rules of options
if table, ok := obj.(*metav1beta1.Table); ok {
return printTable(table, output, localOptions)
}
// Could not find print handler for "obj"; use the default or status print handler.
// Print with the default or status handler, and use the columns from the last time
var handler *printHandler
if _, isStatus := obj.(*metav1.Status); isStatus {
handler = statusHandlerEntry
} else {
handler = defaultHandlerEntry
}
......
if err := printRowsForHandlerEntry(output, handler, eventType, obj, h.options, includeHeaders); err != nil {
return err
}
......
return nil
}
默认处理器会打印Name和Age两列,因为componetstatuses是实时获取,没有存储在etcd中,没有创建时间,所以Age打印出来就是unknown。
apiserver
再来看服务端的处理流程,apiserver对外提供REST接口实现在k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/endpoints/handlers目录下,kubectl get cs会进入get.go中ListResource方法,如下列出关键的三个步骤:
func ListResource(r rest.Lister, rw rest.Watcher, scope *RequestScope, forceWatch bool, minRequestTimeout time.Duration) http.HandlerFunc {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
......
outputMediaType, _, err := negotiation.NegotiateOutputMediaType(req, scope.Serializer, scope)
......
result, err := r.List(ctx, &opts)
......
transformResponseObject(ctx, scope, trace, req, w, http.StatusOK, outputMediaType, result)
......
}
}
NegotiateOutputMediaType中根据客户端的请求header设置服务端的一些行为,包括是否服务端打印;r.List从Storage层获取资源数据,具体实现在k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/registry下;transformResponseObject将结果返回给客户端。
先说transformResponseObject,其中就会根据NegotiateOutputMediaType返回的outputMediaType的Convert字段判断是否转为换目标类型,如果为Table就会将r.List返回的具体资源类型转换为Table类型:
func doTransformObject(ctx context.Context, obj runtime.Object, opts interface{}, mediaType negotiation.MediaTypeOptions, scope *RequestScope, req *http.Request) (runtime.Object, error) {
......
switch target := mediaType.Convert; {
case target == nil:
return obj, nil
......
case target.Kind == "Table":
options, ok := opts.(*metav1beta1.TableOptions)
if !ok {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected TableOptions, got %T", opts)
}
return asTable(ctx, obj, options, scope, target.GroupVersion())
......g
}
}
上述asTable最终调用scope.TableConvertor.ConvertToTable完成表格转换工作,在本文的问题中,就是因为mediaType.Convert为空而没有触发这个转换,那么为什么为空呢,问题就出在NegotiateOutputMediaType,它最终会调用到k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/endpoints/handlers/rest.go的AllowsMediaTypeTransform方法,是因为scope.TableConvertor为空,最终转换为Table也是调用的它:
func (scope *RequestScope) AllowsMediaTypeTransform(mimeType, mimeSubType string, gvk *schema.GroupVersionKind) bool {
......
if gvk.GroupVersion() == metav1beta1.SchemeGroupVersion || gvk.GroupVersion() == metav1.SchemeGroupVersion {
switch gvk.Kind {
case "Table":
return scope.TableConvertor != nil &&
mimeType == "application" &&
(mimeSubType == "json" || mimeSubType == "yaml")
......
}
进一步跟踪,RequestScope是在apiserver初始化的时候创建的,每类资源一个,比如componentstatuses有一个全局的,pod有一个全局的,初始化的过程如下:
apiserver初始化入口在k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/master/master.go的InstallLegacyAPI和InstallAPIs方法中,前者主要针对一些老的资源,具体有哪些见下面的NewLegacyRESTStorage方法,其中就包含componentStatuses,其他资源通过InstallAPIs初始化:
// InstallLegacyAPI will install the legacy APIs for the restStorageProviders if they are enabled.
func (m *Master) InstallLegacyAPI(c *completedConfig, restOptionsGetter generic.RESTOptionsGetter, legacyRESTStorageProvider corerest.LegacyRESTStorageProvider) error {
legacyRESTStorage, apiGroupInfo, err := legacyRESTStorageProvider.NewLegacyRESTStorage(restOptionsGetter)
......
}
初始化Storage:
func (c LegacyRESTStorageProvider) NewLegacyRESTStorage(restOptionsGetter generic.RESTOptionsGetter) (LegacyRESTStorage, genericapiserver.APIGroupInfo, error) {
apiGroupInfo := genericapiserver.APIGroupInfo{
PrioritizedVersions: legacyscheme.Scheme.PrioritizedVersionsForGroup(""),
VersionedResourcesStorageMap: map[string]map[string]rest.Storage{},
Scheme: legacyscheme.Scheme,
ParameterCodec: legacyscheme.ParameterCodec,
NegotiatedSerializer: legacyscheme.Codecs,
}
......
restStorageMap := map[string]rest.Storage{
"pods": podStorage.Pod,
"pods/attach": podStorage.Attach,
"pods/status": podStorage.Status,
"pods/log": podStorage.Log,
"pods/exec": podStorage.Exec,
"pods/portforward": podStorage.PortForward,
"pods/proxy": podStorage.Proxy,
"pods/binding": podStorage.Binding,
"bindings": podStorage.LegacyBinding,
"podTemplates": podTemplateStorage,
"replicationControllers": controllerStorage.Controller,
"replicationControllers/status": controllerStorage.Status,
"services": serviceRest,
"services/proxy": serviceRestProxy,
"services/status": serviceStatusStorage,
"endpoints": endpointsStorage,
"nodes": nodeStorage.Node,
"nodes/status": nodeStorage.Status,
"nodes/proxy": nodeStorage.Proxy,
"events": eventStorage,
"limitRanges": limitRangeStorage,
"resourceQuotas": resourceQuotaStorage,
"resourceQuotas/status": resourceQuotaStatusStorage,
"namespaces": namespaceStorage,
"namespaces/status": namespaceStatusStorage,
"namespaces/finalize": namespaceFinalizeStorage,
"secrets": secretStorage,
"serviceAccounts": serviceAccountStorage,
"persistentVolumes": persistentVolumeStorage,
"persistentVolumes/status": persistentVolumeStatusStorage,
"persistentVolumeClaims": persistentVolumeClaimStorage,
"persistentVolumeClaims/status": persistentVolumeClaimStatusStorage,
"configMaps": configMapStorage,
"componentStatuses": componentstatus.NewStorage(componentStatusStorage{c.StorageFactory}.serversToValidate),
}
......
apiGroupInfo.VersionedResourcesStorageMap["v1"] = restStorageMap
return restStorage, apiGroupInfo, nil
}
注册REST接口的handler,handler中包含RequestScope,RequestScope中的TableConvertor字段是从storage取出,也就是上述NewLegacyRESTStorage创建的资源对应的storage,例如componentStatuses,就是componentstatus.NewStorage(componentStatusStorage{c.StorageFactory}.serversToValidate),提取的方法是类型断言storage.(rest.TableConvertor),也就是storage要实现rest.TableConvertor接口,否则取出来为空:
func (a *APIInstaller) registerResourceHandlers(path string, storage rest.Storage, ws *restful.WebService) (*metav1.APIResource, error) {
......
tableProvider, _ := storage.(rest.TableConvertor)
var apiResource metav1.APIResource
......
reqScope := handlers.RequestScope{
......
// TODO: Check for the interface on storage
TableConvertor: tableProvider,
......
for _, action := range actions {
......
switch action.Verb {
......
case "LIST": // List all resources of a kind.
doc := "list objects of kind " + kind
if isSubresource {
doc = "list " + subresource + " of objects of kind " + kind
}
handler := metrics.InstrumentRouteFunc(action.Verb, group, version, resource, subresource, requestScope, metrics.APIServerComponent, restfulListResource(lister, watcher, reqScope, false, a.minRequestTimeout))
......
}
// Note: update GetAuthorizerAttributes() when adding a custom handler.
}
......
}
具体看componentStatuses的storage,在k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/registry/core/componentstatus/rest.go中,确实没有实现rest.TableConvertor接口,所以componentStatuses的handler的RequestScope中的TableConvertor字段就为空,最终导致了问题:
type REST struct {
GetServersToValidate func() map[string]*Server
}
// NewStorage returns a new REST.
func NewStorage(serverRetriever func() map[string]*Server) *REST {
return &REST{
GetServersToValidate: serverRetriever,
}
}
代码修复
找到了根本原因之后,修复就比较简单了,就是storage需要实现rest.TableConvertor接口,接口定义在k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/registry/rest/rest.go中:
type TableConvertor interface {
ConvertToTable(ctx context.Context, object runtime.Object, tableOptions runtime.Object) (*metav1beta1.Table, error)
}
参照其他资源storage代码,修改k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/registry/core/componentstatus/rest.go代码如下,问题得到解决,kubectl get cs打印出熟悉的表格,如果使用kubectl get cs --server-print=false
仍会只打印Name、Age两列:
type REST struct {
GetServersToValidate func() map[string]*Server
tableConvertor printerstorage.TableConvertor
}
// NewStorage returns a new REST.
func NewStorage(serverRetriever func() map[string]*Server) *REST {
return &REST{
GetServersToValidate: serverRetriever,
tableConvertor: printerstorage.TableConvertor{TableGenerator: printers.NewTableGenerator().With(printersinternal.AddHandlers)},
}
}
func (r *REST) ConvertToTable(ctx context.Context, object runtime.Object, tableOptions runtime.Object) (*metav1beta1.Table, error) {
return r.tableConvertor.ConvertToTable(ctx, object, tableOptions)
}
最后
本想提交一个PR给kubernetes,发现已经有人先一步提了,解决方法和我一摸一样,只是上述tableConvertor字段是大写开头,我觉得小写更好,有点遗憾。而这个问题在2019.9.23已经有人提出,也就是1.16刚发布的时候,9.24就有人提了PR,解决速度非常之快,可见开源软件的优势以及k8s热度之高,有无数的开发者为其贡献力量,k8s就像聚光灯下的明星,无数双眼睛注目着。不过这个PR现在还没有合入主干,还在代码审查阶段,这个bug相对来讲不是很严重,所以优先级不那么高,要知道现在还有1097个PR。虽然最后有一点小遗憾,不过在解决问题的过程中对kubernetes的理解也更进一步,还是收获良多。在阅读代码的过程中,随处可见各种TODO,发现代码不断在重构,今天代码在这里,明天代码就搬到另一个地方了,k8s这么一个冉冉升起的新星,虽然从2017年起就成为容器编排的事实标准,并被广泛应用到生产环境,但它本身还在不断进化,还需不断完善。
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