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Spring Boot @EnableAutoConfiguration和
@Configuration的区别

在Spring Boot中,我们会使用@SpringBootApplication来开启Spring Boot程序。在之前的文章中我们讲到了@SpringBootApplication相当于@EnableAutoConfiguration,@ComponentScan,@Configuration三者的集合。

其中@Configuration用在类上面,表明这个是个配置类,如下所示:

@Configuration
public class MySQLAutoconfiguration {
    ...
}

而@EnableAutoConfiguration则是开启Spring Boot的自动配置功能。什么是自动配置功能呢?简单点说就是Spring Boot根据依赖中的jar包,自动选择实例化某些配置。

接下来我们看一下@EnableAutoConfiguration是怎么工作的。

先看一下@EnableAutoConfiguration的定义:

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

    /**
     * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
     * @return the classes to exclude
     */
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

    /**
     * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
     * applied.
     * @return the class names to exclude
     * @since 1.3.0
     */
    String[] excludeName() default {};

}

注意这一行: @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)

AutoConfigurationImportSelector实现了ImportSelector接口,并会在实例化时调用selectImports。下面是其方法:

    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return NO_IMPORTS;
        }
        AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
                .loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
        AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(autoConfigurationMetadata,
                annotationMetadata);
        return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
    }

这个方法中的getCandidateConfigurations会从类加载器中查找所有的META-INF/spring.factories,并加载其中实现了@EnableAutoConfiguration的类。 有兴趣的朋友可以具体研究一下这个方法的实现。

private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
        MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);
        if (result != null) {
            return result;
        }

        try {
            Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
                    classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
                    ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
            result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
            while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                URL url = urls.nextElement();
                UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
                Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
                for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
                    String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
                    for (String factoryImplementationName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) {
                        result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim());
                    }
                }
            }
            cache.put(classLoader, result);
            return result;
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
                    FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
        }
    }

我们再看一下spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.2.RELEASE.jar中的META-INF/spring.factories。

spring.factories里面的内容是key=value形式的,我们重点关注一下EnableAutoConfiguration:

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudServiceConnectorsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
...

这里只列出了一部分内容,根据上面的代码, 所有的EnableAutoConfiguration的实现都会被自动加载。这就是自动加载的原理了。

如果我们仔细去看具体的实现:

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@AutoConfigureAfter(JmxAutoConfiguration.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.application.admin", value = "enabled", havingValue = "true",
        matchIfMissing = false)
public class SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration {

可以看到里面使用了很多@Conditional* 的注解,这种注解的作用就是判断该配置类在什么时候能够起作用。

更多教程请参考 flydean的博客


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