概述

LinkedBlockingQueue的put,add和offer这三个方法功能很相似,都是往队列尾部添加一个元素。既然都是同样的功能,为啥要有有三个方法呢?

这三个方法的区别在于:

  • put方法添加元素,如果队列已满,会阻塞直到有空间可以放
  • add方法在添加元素的时候,若超出了度列的长度会直接抛出异常
  • offer方法添加元素,如果队列已满,直接返回false

索引这三种不同的方法在队列满时,插入失败会有不同的表现形式,我们可以在不同的应用场景中选择合适的方法。

用法示例

先看看add方法,

public class LinkedBlockingQueueTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        LinkedBlockingQueue<String> fruitQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(2);
        fruitQueue.add("apple");
        fruitQueue.add("orange");
        fruitQueue.add("berry");
    }

当我们执行这个方法的时候,会报下面的异常,

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: Queue full
    at java.util.AbstractQueue.add(AbstractQueue.java:98)
    at com.pony.app.LinkedBlockingQueueTest.testAdd(LinkedBlockingQueueTest.java:23)
    at com.pony.app.LinkedBlockingQueueTest.main(LinkedBlockingQueueTest.java:16)

然后再来看看put用法,

public class LinkedBlockingQueueTest implements Runnable {

    static LinkedBlockingQueue<String> fruitQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(2);


    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        new Thread(new LinkedBlockingQueueTest()).start();

        fruitQueue.put("apple");
        fruitQueue.put("orange");
        fruitQueue.put("berry");

        System.out.println(fruitQueue.toString());

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        fruitQueue.poll();
    }
}

运行这段代码,你会发现首先程序会卡住(队列阻塞)3秒左右,然后打印队列的orangeberry两个元素。

因为我在程序的启动的时候顺便启动了一个线程,这个线程会在3秒后从队列头部移除一个元素。

最后看看offer的用法,

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        LinkedBlockingQueue<String> fruitQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(2);
        
        System.out.println(fruitQueue.offer("apple"));
        System.out.println(fruitQueue.offer("orange"));
        System.out.println(fruitQueue.offer("berry"));

    }

运行结果:

true
true
false

源码分析

先来看看add方法的实现,

public boolean add(E e) {
        if (offer(e))
            return true;
        else
            throw new IllegalStateException("Queue full");
    }

所以add其实是包装了一下offer,没什么可以说的。

然后来看看putoffer的实现,两个放在一起说。

put方法源码,

public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        // Note: convention in all put/take/etc is to preset local var
        // holding count negative to indicate failure unless set.
        int c = -1;
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        putLock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            /*
             * Note that count is used in wait guard even though it is
             * not protected by lock. This works because count can
             * only decrease at this point (all other puts are shut
             * out by lock), and we (or some other waiting put) are
             * signalled if it ever changes from capacity. Similarly
             * for all other uses of count in other wait guards.
             */
            while (count.get() == capacity) {
                notFull.await();
            }
            enqueue(node);
            c = count.getAndIncrement();
            if (c + 1 < capacity)
                notFull.signal();
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == 0)
            signalNotEmpty();
    }

offer方法源码,

public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {

        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        int c = -1;
        final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
        final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
        putLock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while (count.get() == capacity) {
                if (nanos <= 0)
                    return false;
                nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            enqueue(new Node<E>(e));
            c = count.getAndIncrement();
            if (c + 1 < capacity)
                notFull.signal();
        } finally {
            putLock.unlock();
        }
        if (c == 0)
            signalNotEmpty();
        return true;
    }

我们重点关注他们的区别,offer方法在插入的时候会等一个超时时间timeout,如果时间到了队列还是满的(count.get() == capacity),就会返回false。

而put方法是无限期等待,

while (count.get() == capacity) {
                notFull.await();
            }

所以我们在应用层使用的时候,如果队列满再插入会阻塞。

实际场景应用

在早期版本的kafka中,生产者端发送消息使用了阻塞队列,代码如下:

private def asyncSend(messages: Seq[KeyedMessage[K,V]]) {
    for (message <- messages) {
      val added = config.queueEnqueueTimeoutMs match {
        case 0  =>
          queue.offer(message)
        case _  =>
          try {
            if (config.queueEnqueueTimeoutMs < 0) {
              queue.put(message)
              true
            } else {
              queue.offer(message, config.queueEnqueueTimeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
            }
          }
          catch {
            case _: InterruptedException =>
              false
          }
      }
      if(!added) {
        producerTopicStats.getProducerTopicStats(message.topic).droppedMessageRate.mark()
        producerTopicStats.getProducerAllTopicsStats.droppedMessageRate.mark()
        throw new QueueFullException("Event queue is full of unsent messages, could not send event: " + message.toString)
      }else {
        trace("Added to send queue an event: " + message.toString)
        trace("Remaining queue size: " + queue.remainingCapacity)
      }
    }
  }

可以看到,config.queueEnqueueTimeoutMs是0的时候,使用的是offer方法,小于0的时候则使用put方法。

我们在使用kafka的时候,可以通过queue.enqueue.timeout.ms来决定使用哪种方式。比如某些应用场景下,比如监控,物联网等场景,允许丢失一些消息,可以把queue.enqueue.timeout.ms配置成0,这样就kafka底层就不会出现阻塞了。

新版的kafka(我印象中是2.0.0版本开始?)用java重写了,不再使用阻塞队列,所以没有上面说的问题。


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