黑客的价值观

黑客，可能在大家的眼里是那些入侵别人计算机搞破坏的人，其实并不是那样的。如果你这样认为了，只能说明你对计算机文化并不了解，真正的黑客是一种自由的象征，他们挑战权威，追求自由，并和很多非人类的行为作斗争。而那些只懂得入侵别人计算机搞破坏活动的“黑客”只能称为是街头的小混混，他们根本就不配称黑客。

下面有三篇关于“Hacker’s Code”文章，我觉得相当的不错，可以让你明白什么是黑客的行为规范，道德准则，以及黑客的历史使命，希望能对你有启发。但是翻译水平有限，所以我请Mailper同学帮忙翻译了一下，但还是觉得原文更为传神，尤其是原文中的押韵，双意以及朗朗上口，所以，下面提供了中英文对照。如果有翻译得不好的还请大家指正。

The Hacker’s Code
http://muq.org/~cynbe/hackers...

“A hacker of the Old Code.”

Hackers come and go, but a great hack is forever.
黑客们来来往往，但是只有黑客的壮举是永存的
Public goods belong to the public.*
公众的东西是属于大众的
Software hoarding is evil.
Software does the greatest good given to the greatest number.
圈养软件是邪恶的，最好的软件是有最多人使用的

Don’t be evil.
不作恶
Sourceless software sucks.
不公开源码的软件是令人厌恶的
People have rights.
Organizations live on sufferance.
每个人都是有权利的，而组织是建立在互相的容忍上的
Governments are organizations.
政府也是组织
If it is wrong when citizens do it,
it is wrong when governments do it.
对与错的标准，对于公民和政府是同样适用的。(不能“只许州官放火不许百姓点灯”)
Information wants to be free.
Information deserves to be free.
信息需要自由（免费），信息也应该是是自由（免费）的
Being legal doesn’t make it right.Being illegal doesn’t make it wrong.
合法的不一定是正确的，不合法不一定就是错误的
Subverting tyranny is the highest duty.
推翻专制是黑客的最高天职
Trust your technolust!
相信你的“技术贪欲”

• Definition: A good is public if the marginal production cost is lower than the marginal billing cost.

定义： 一个好的公众事物仅当其边际产值小于其边际广告值。（关于 marginal production是一个经济学术语，我不是很懂，大家可以参考这篇文章）

The Hacker’s Code of Ethics
http://courses.cs.vt.edu/cs36...

Levy (1984) suggests that there is a “code of ethics” for hacking which, though not pasted on the walls, is in the air:

列维认为黑客有一种准则，这种准则不是墙上贴着的，而是像空气一样无处不在的。

Access to Computers – and anything which might teach you something about the way the world works – should be unlimited and total. Always yield to the Hands-On Imperative!
计算机的使用（就像任何教会你去了解这个世界的东西一样）应该是无限和无所不包的。真理来自实际动手操作。
All information should be free.
所有的信息都应该是自由的（免费和不加限制的）
Mistrust Authority – Promote Decentralization.
不要相信权威，推崇分权和群众的智慧
Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not bogus criteria such as degrees, age, race, or position.
英雄（黑客）不问出处，更不会去计较世俗的标准：学历，年龄，种族和职位高低。
You can create art and beauty on a computer.
黑客可以在计算机上创造艺术和美。
Computers can change your life for the better.
计算机可以提升你的生命。
Reference:

Levy, Steven. 1984. Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution, Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, NY, 458 pp.

史蒂芬.列维 1984 黑客：计算机革命的英豪们， Achor Press… 第458页

DRAFT The Hacker’s Code DRAFT
http://www.petascale.org/code...

Preamble: We, the people of the electronic universe, in order to establish a society of knowledge and skills, do hereby proclaim the following.

导言：我们，数字领域的主宰者，为了建一个知识和技术的社区，我们发出下面的声明。

Hackers are diverse, from all cultures and backgrounds. Every hacker is unique, yet we all share some characteristics. While not every hacker follows this Code, many believe it is a fair description of our shared traditions, goals and values.

黑客是各式各样的，无论是从文化还是背景。每个黑客都是唯一的，然后，我们是有一些相同的特质的。也许并不是所有的黑客都会跟从下面的准则，但大多数黑客都相信这是一个公正的惯例，目标和价值观。

Hackers share and are willing to teach their knowledge
黑客共享并愿意传播他们的知识。
Hackers are skilled. Many are self-taught, or learn by interacting with other hackers.
黑客都是老手。他们中很多人要么是自学，要么是与别的黑客相互共世而成长的。
Hackers seek knowledge. This knowledge may come from unauthorized or unusual sources, and is often hidden.
黑客查找知识。那些知识可能是多一些未授权或是不寻常的通常都是被隐藏起来的地方来的。
Hackers are tinkerers. They like to understand how things work, and want to make their own improvements or modifications.
黑客都是些好管闲事的人。他们总是喜欢对事物刨根问底，而且总是要为改善那些事情加上自己的想法。
Hackers often disagree with authority, including parents, employers, social customs and laws. They often seek to circumvent authority they disagree with.
黑客通常都在挑战权威，包括家长，同事，用户以及法律。他们总是挑战那些他们并不认可以权威。
Hackers disagree with each other. Different hackers have different values, and come from all backgrounds. This means that what one hacker is opposed to might be embraced by another.
黑客也是互不信任的。不同的黑客有不同的价值取向，而且也有相同的背景。也就是说，某个黑客被反对了，但也会被别的黑客所拥护。
Hackers are persistent, and are willing to devote hours, days and years to pursuing their individual passions.
黑客是永不放弃的。他们愿意全身心地把他们的热情投入到每一个小时，每一天，每一年中。
This Code is not to prescribe how hackers act. Instead, it is to help us to recognize our own diversity and identify.
准则并不是说明黑客是什么样的，而说让我们明白我们的不同性和一致性。
Every hacker must make his or her own decisions about what is right or wrong, and some might do things they believe are illegal, amoral or anti-social to achieve higher goals.
每一个黑客必需自己为对和错作决定，有一些事可能是不合法，不道德的，甚至反社会的，但却可以让他们攀上自己价值观的高峰。
Hackers’ motivations are their own, and there is no reason for all hackers to agree.
黑客的动机是他们自己的，而且无需任何理由获得其它的同意。
Hackers have a shared identify, however, and many shared interests.
黑客一般会有共同的认识，然而，许多黑客却是拥有共同的利益。
By reading this Code, hackers can recognize themselves and each other, and understand better the group they are a part of. This will be beneficial to all hackers.
了解了这些准则，黑客们能够赏识自己或相互赏识，并相当明白他们是这个团体的一部分。这会让所有的黑客受益。