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线程简介
一句话来描述
进程:系统中正在运行的一个应用程序,程序是静态的,进程是动态的
线程:系统CPU调度和执行的基本单位
进程和线程的关系:一个进程至少有一个线程
线程实现
继承Thread类
//继承Thread类,重写run方法
public class MyThread_1 extends Thread {
//线程入口
@Override
public void run() {
//线程体
for (int i = 1; i <=5 ; i++) {
System.out.println("第"+i+"次执行");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建线程对象
MyThread_1 thread = new MyThread_1();
//执行start()方法开启线程
thread.start();
}
}
实现Runnable接口
推荐使用:避免单继承局限性,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用
//实现Runnable接口创建线程
public class MyThread_2 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
//线程体
for (int i = 1; i <=5 ; i++) {
System.out.println("第"+i+"次执行");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建实现类对象
MyThread_2 myThread2 = new MyThread_2();
//创建代理类对象
Thread thread = new Thread(myThread2);
//启动线程
thread.start();
}
}
使用匿名内部类的方式
//实现Runnable接口创建线程
public class MyThread_2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//线程体
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println("第" + i + "次执行");
}
}
}).start();
}
}
使用lamda的方式
//实现Runnable接口创建线程
public class MyThread_2_2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//使用Lamda来实现,因为Runnable接口中只有一个run()方法,属于函数式接口
new Thread(() -> {
//线程体
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println("第" + i + "次执行");
}
}).start();
}
}
Lamda表达式
//推导lamdba表达式
public class TestLambda {
//静态内部类
static class Like2 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda-2");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILike like1 = new Like1();
like1.lambda();
like1 = new Like2();
like1.lambda();
//局部内部类
class Like3 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda-3");
}
}
like1 = new Like3();
like1.lambda();
//匿名内部类,没有类的名称,必须借助于接口或者父类
like1 = new ILike() {
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda-4");
}
};
like1.lambda();
//使用lamdba表达式
like1 = ()->{
System.out.println("I like lambda-5");
};
like1.lambda();
}
}
//定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
void lambda();
}
//实现类
class Like1 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda-1");
}
}
静态代理模式
举例子:新人举行婚礼、婚庆公司代办婚礼
/**
* 静态代理模式总结:
* 代理角色和真实角色要实现同一个接口
* 代理对象要代理真实角色
* 好处:
* 代理对象可以做真实对象做不了的事情
* 真实对象可以专心做自己的事情
*/
public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
//对比Thread和Runnable接口
//new Thread(new MyThread()).start;
}
}
//结婚
interface Marry { //Runnable接口
void HappyMarry(); //run()方法
}
//真实角色,你,你要结婚
class You implements Marry { //自定义线程实现Runnable接口
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("你要结婚");
}
}
//代理角色,婚庆公司,帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry { //Thread实现Runnable接口
//代理谁==> 真实目标对象
private Marry target; //private Runnable target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
befor();
this.target.HappyMarry();
after();
}
public void befor() {
System.out.println("结婚之前,布置现场");
}
public void after() {
System.out.println("结婚之后,收尾款");
}
}
Thread类和Runnable接口的关系
/**
* Thread类是Runnable接口的子类
* 多线程的设计之中,使用了静态代理的设计模式,用户自定义的线程主体(真实对象)只是负责核心功能的实现,
* 而所有的辅助实现全部交由Thread类(代理对象)来处理。
* 多线程开发的实质上是在于多个线程可以进行同一资源的抢占,
* 那么Thread主要描述的是线程,而资源的描述是通过Runnable完成的
*/
public class test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
//真实对象
MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
//代理对象
Thread thread = new Thread(myThread);
//代理对象额外提供的方法
thread.start();
}
}
//真实对象-用户自定义的线程
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("核心功能的实现");
}
}
初识并发问题
/**
* 买票的小例子
* 发现问题:多个线程同时操作一个资源,线程不安全,出现数据紊乱
*/
public class ThreadTest implements Runnable{
//定义10张火车票
private int ticket = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if (ticket<=0){
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第"+ticket--+"张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest test = new ThreadTest();
new Thread(test,"A").start();
new Thread(test,"B").start();
new Thread(test,"C").start();
}
}
龟兔赛跑问题
//小案例:龟兔赛跑
public class ThreadTest implements Runnable{
//胜利者
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
//模拟兔子休息
if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&& i%10 ==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
boolean flage = gameOver(i);
//如果比赛结束,就停止跑步
if(flage){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"===>跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
//判断是否完成比赛
private boolean gameOver(int steps){
//判断是否有胜利者
if(winner!=null){ //已经存在胜利者
return true;
}
//判断是否跑完100步
if(steps>=100){
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("胜利者是:"+winner);
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest test = new ThreadTest();
new Thread(test,"兔子").start();
new Thread(test,"乌龟").start();
}
}
实现Callable接口
//实现Callable接口创建线程
public class TestThread implements Callable<Boolean> {
@Override
public Boolean call() throws Exception {
for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out.println("第"+i+"次执行");
}
//有返回值
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestThread test = new TestThread();
//创建执行服务
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
//提交服务
Future<Boolean> future = executorService.submit(test);
//获取返回的结果
Boolean b = future.get();
//关闭服务
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
线程状态
创建状态
就绪状态
运行状态 阻塞状态
死亡状态
线程停止
使用标志位进行终止变量,当flag=false的时候,终止线程运行
public class MyThread_4 implements Runnable {
//线程中定义线程体使用的标识
private boolean flag = true;
//对外提供方法改变标识
public void stop() {
this.flag = false;
}
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
//线程体使用标识
while (flag) {
System.out.println("run......thread"+i++);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread_4 thread1 = new MyThread_4();
new Thread(thread1).start();
for (int i = 1; i <=100; i++) {
if (i == 90) {
thread1.stop();
System.out.println("线程该停止了");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("main线程执行" + i);
}
}
}
线程休眠
- sleep(时间):指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数
- sleep存在异常InterruptedException
- sleep时间达到后线程进入就绪状态
- 每一对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁
可以使用Thread.sleep()或者使用TimeUnit
线程礼让
- 礼让线程,让当前正在执行的线程暂停,但不阻塞
- 将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态
- 让CPU重新调度,礼让不一定成功
public class MyThread_5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread thread1 = new MyThread();
new Thread(thread1,"a线程").start();
new Thread(thread1,"b线程").start();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+
"线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+
"线程结束执行");
}
}
线程强制执行
- join合并线程,待插入的线程执行完毕后,再执行原来的线程
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("线程VIP来了"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
if(i==20){
thread.join();
}
System.out.println("main线程"+i);
}
}
}
观测线程状态
线程的状态
- NEW 未启动的线程
- RUNNABLE 正在执行的线程
- BLOCKED 被阻塞等待监视器锁定的线程
- WAITING 等待另外一个线程执行特定动作的线程
- TIMED_WAITING 等待另一个线程执行动作达到指定执行时间的线程
- TERMINATED 已经退出的线程
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("Thread running"+"+"+i);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("线程运行即将结束");
});
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //NEW
thread.start();
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //RUNNABLE
while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState(); //更新线程状态
System.out.println(state);
}
}
}
线程优先级
- Java提供一个线程调度器来监控程序中启动后进入就绪状态的所有线程,线程调度器按照优先级决定应该调度哪个线程来执行
-
线程的优先级用数字表示,范围从1~10
- Thread.MIN_PRIORITY = 1
- Thread.MAX_PRIORITY = 10
- Thread.NORM_PRIORITY = 5
- 优先级低只是意味着获得调度的概率低,并不是优先级低就不会被调用
-
使用以下方式改变或获取优先级
- getPriority() setPriority(int xxx)
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程默认优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"===>"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority priority = new MyPriority();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(priority);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(priority);
Thread thread3 = new Thread(priority);
Thread thread4 = new Thread(priority);
Thread thread5 = new Thread(priority);
//先设置优先级再启动
thread1.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
thread1.start();
thread2.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
thread2.start();
thread3.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
thread3.start();
thread4.setPriority(2);
thread4.start();
thread5.setPriority(9);
thread5.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"===>"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
守护线程
- 线程分为用户线程和守护线程
- 虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
- 虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
Thread thread = new Thread();
thread.setDaemon(true); //默认是false,表示用户线程,设置为true,表示为守护线程
线程同步机制
三大不安全小案例
买票小案例
public class UnSafeBuyTicket implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) {
UnSafeBuyTicket un = new UnSafeBuyTicket();
new Thread(un,"A").start();
new Thread(un,"B").start();
new Thread(un,"C").start();
}
//票的数量
private int ticket = 10;
boolean flage = true; //外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
while (flage){ //买票
byTicket();
}
}
public void byTicket(){
if(ticket<=0){
flage = false;
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"买到了第"+ticket--+"张票");
}
}
模拟银行取钱小案例
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"旅游基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money; //余额
String name; //持卡人
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//模拟银行取钱
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account; //账户
private int drawingMoney; //取了多少钱
private int nowMoney; //现在手里有多少钱
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name); //调用父类的name,线程的名字
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了!");
return;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额= 账户余额 - 你取的钱
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() = this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的余额:"+nowMoney);
}
}
多线程操作ArrayList
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
同步方法
-
同步方法:synchronized方法
- 控制对象的访问,每一个对象对应一把锁,每个synchronized方法都必须获得调用该方法的对象的锁才能执行,否则线程会阻塞
- 方法一旦执行,就独占该锁,直到方法返回才释放锁,后面被阻塞的线程才能获得这个锁,继续执行
- 弊端:方法里面需要修改的内容才需要锁,锁的太多,浪费资源
- 使用sychronized关键字让买票变的线程安全
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
//开启三个线程
new Thread(buyTicket, "A同学").start();
new Thread(buyTicket, "B同学").start();
new Thread(buyTicket, "C同学").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable {
//票的数量
private int TicketNum = 20;
//停止售票的标识位
private boolean flage = true;
@Override
public void run() {
while (flage) {
try {
//买票
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//synchronized方法,锁的当前对象本身,this
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
if (TicketNum <= 0) {
flage = false;
return;
}
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "买到第" + TicketNum-- + "张票");
}
}
同步代码块
-
同步代码块:synchronized(Obj){}
- Obj称为同步监视器,可以是任何对象,推荐使用共享资源作为同步监视器
- 锁的对象就是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
- 同步方法的同步监视器就是this,即对象本身
- 使用sychronized代码块让取钱变的线程安全
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"旅游基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money; //余额
String name; //持卡人
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//模拟银行取钱
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account; //账户
private int drawingMoney; //取了多少钱
private int nowMoney; //现在手里有多少钱
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name); //调用父类的name,线程的名字
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//synchronized同步块,锁的对象是变化的量,是需要增删改的量
synchronized(account){
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了!");
return;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额= 账户余额 - 你取的钱
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() = this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的余额:"+nowMoney);
}
}
}
- 使用sychronized代码块让ArrayList变成线程安全的
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
//synchronized锁的是变化的量
synchronized (list){
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
CopyOnWriteArrayList
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
死锁
- 死锁:多个线程互相占据着对方需要的资源,然后形成僵持
-
产生死锁的四个必要条件
- 互斥条件:一个资源每次只能被一个线程使用
- 请求与保持条件:一个线程因请求资源而阻塞时,对已获得的资源保持不放
- 不剥夺条件:线程已获得的资源,在未使用之前,不能强行剥夺
- 循环与等待条件:若干线程之间形成一种收尾相接的循环等待资源的关系
镜子和口红的死锁小案例
/**
* 多个线程互相抱着对方的资源,形成僵持
*/
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MakeUp g1 = new MakeUp(0,"灰姑娘");
MakeUp g2 = new MakeUp(1,"白雪公主");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick {
}
//镜子
class Mirror {
}
//化妆
class MakeUp extends Thread {
//需要的资源只有一份,使用static来保证只有一份
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice; //选择
String girlName; //使用化妆品的人
MakeUp(int choice, String girlName) {
this.choice = choice;
this.girlName = girlName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//化妆,互相持有对方的锁,就是需要拿到对方的资源
public void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if (choice==0){
synchronized(lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后想获得镜子
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}
}else{
synchronized (mirror){
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);
synchronized(lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
}
解决方案
/**
* 多个线程互相抱着对方的资源,形成僵持
*/
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MakeUp g1 = new MakeUp(0,"灰姑娘");
MakeUp g2 = new MakeUp(1,"白雪公主");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick {
}
//镜子
class Mirror {
}
//化妆
class MakeUp extends Thread {
//需要的资源只有一份,使用static来保证只有一份
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice; //选择
String girlName; //使用化妆品的人
MakeUp(int choice, String girlName) {
this.choice = choice;
this.girlName = girlName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//化妆,互相持有对方的锁,就是需要拿到对方的资源
public void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if (choice==0){
synchronized(lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后想获得镜子
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}else{
synchronized (mirror){
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
synchronized(lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
Lock锁
- 使用Lock对象来显式定义同步锁对象来实现同步
- 比较常用的是ReentrantLock,可以显式加锁、释放锁
synchronized和Lock的区别?
- Synchronized 内置的Java关键字, Lock 是一个Java类
- Synchronized 无法判断获取锁的状态,Lock 可以判断是否获取到了锁
- Synchronized 是隐式锁,出了作用域自动释放;Lock是显式锁,需要手动开启和释放锁.如果不释放锁,就会出现死锁!
- Synchronized 线程 1(获得锁->阻塞)、线程2(等待->傻傻的等);Lock锁就不一定会等待下去;
- Synchronized 可重入锁,不可以中断的,非公平;Lock ,可重入锁,可以 判断锁,非公平(可以自己设置);
-
Synchronized 适合锁少量的代码同步问题,Lock 适合锁大量的同步代码!
- Lock是显式锁(手动开启和关闭锁),synchronized是隐式锁,出了作用域自动释放
- Lock只有代码块锁,synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 lock = new TestLock2();
new Thread(lock,"Thread-1").start();
new Thread(lock,"Thread-2").start();
new Thread(lock,"Thread-3").start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketNums = 10;
private static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
lock.lock();//加锁
if(ticketNums>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNums--);
}else{
break;
}
}finally {
lock.unlock();//释放锁
}
}
}
}
线程通信问题
- wait() 表示线程一直等待,直到其他线程通知。与sleep不同,会释放锁
- wait(long timeout) 指定等待的毫秒数
- notify() 唤醒一个处于等待状态的线程
- notifyAll() 唤醒同一对象上所有调用wait()方法的线程
sleep和wait的区别?
-
来自不同的类
- wait来自Object类
- sleep来自Thread类
-
锁的释放不同
- wait会释放锁
- sleep抱着锁睡觉,不会释放锁
-
使用的范围不同
- sleep可以作用在任何地方
- wait必须作用在同步代码块中
-
是否需要捕获异常不同
- sleep必须捕获异常
- wait不需要捕获异常
生产者和消费者问题
管程法
//生产者消费者模型,使用缓冲区解决-管程法
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer synContainer = new SynContainer();
new Productor(synContainer).start();
new Consumer(synContainer).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer synContainer;
public Productor(SynContainer synContainer){
this.synContainer = synContainer;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <30; i++) {
System.out.println("生产了第"+i+"只鸡");
try {
Thread.sleep(500); //假设生产比消费的速度快
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synContainer.push(new Chicken(i));
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer synContainer;
public Consumer(SynContainer synContainer){
this.synContainer = synContainer;
}
//消费
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <30; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("消费了第==>"+synContainer.pop().id+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id; //产品编号
public Chicken(int id){
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count = 0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了,就需要等待消费者消费
if(count == chickens.length-1){
//通知消费者消费,生产者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满,我们就需要丢入产品
chickens[count] = chicken;
count++;
//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断能否消费
if(count==0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count --;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//吃完了,通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
信号灯法
//生产者和消费者问题,使用信号灯法,利用标志位解决
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者==> 演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("快手:记录世界,记录你!");
}else {
this.tv.play("抖音:记录美好生活!");
}
}
}
}
//消费者==> 观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
this.tv.watch();
}
}
}
class TV{
//演员表演,观众等待 false
//观众观看,演员等待 true
String voice;
boolean flage = true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flage){
try {
this.wait(); //等待表演
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll(); //通知唤醒
this.voice = voice;
this.flage = !this.flage;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flage){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观众观看了:"+voice);
this.notifyAll(); //通知唤醒
this.flage = !this.flage;
}
}
线程池
-
背景
- 经常创建和销毁、使用量特别大的资源,比如并发情况下的线程,对性能影响很大
-
原理
- 提前创建好多个线程,放入池中,使用时直接获取,使用完放回池中。可以避免频繁创建销毁、实现重复利用。类似生活照中的公共交通工具。
-
好处
- 提高响应速度(减少了创建新线程的时间)
- 降低资源消耗(重复利用线程池中的线程,不需要每次都创建)
- 便于线程管理
-
线程池相关API:ExecutorService 和Executor
-
ExecutorService:真正的线程池接口
常见子类ThreadPoolExecutor- void execute(Runnable command):执行任务,没有返回值,一般用来执行Runnable
- <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task):执行任务,有返回值,一般用来执行Callable
- void shutdown():关闭连接池
- Executor:工具类、线程池的工厂类,用于创建并返回不同类型的线程池
-
public class TestPool1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建服务,创建线程池,池中创建了5个线程
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
//执行,使用了3个线程
executorService.execute(new MyThread());
executorService.execute(new MyThread());
executorService.execute(new MyThread());
//关闭连接
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
public class TestPool2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//创建服务,创建线程池,池中创建5个线程
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
//执行服务
executorService.submit(new MyThread());
executorService.submit(new MyThread());
Future<Boolean> future = executorService.submit(new MyThread());
//得到Callable的返回值
Boolean b = future.get();
System.out.println(b);
//关闭连接
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Callable<Boolean>{
@Override
public Boolean call() throws Exception {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
return false;
}
}
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