IT头部玩家的快乐—容器

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数字化转型谈到今天,甚至有行业人士总结已经从1.0转变到了2.0时代。无论如何去定义数字化转型的概念,有一点却是达成共识的,数字化转型的核心便是促进业务转型。当部分企业对云计算的安全性、性能持怀疑态度时,一些IT头部企业却采取了“Cloud First”策略,甚至一些企业变成了“Cloud Only”。通过虚拟化技术和分布式架构替代传统集中式架构,从而促进企业产品转向服务化交付模式转变。而企业业务的敏捷性、弹性、个性化和智能化要求,则对底层IT支撑提出了更高要求。数字化转型的初始阶段,企业便开始关注基础设施的敏捷性改造,通过系统基础架构(包括计算、存储、网络等)的全面云化,实现敏捷和弹性属性,分布式是最适宜的架构,由此带来了云原生理念。说到云原生就要提到容器

下面先带大家简单的认识一下容器

一个软件开发人员最熟悉的工作流程就是：

本地搭建开发环境—开发—测试—代码部署到测试系统—重复测试—部署到生产系统。

当运行环境发生了变化，同样的代码就跑不起来了。跑不起来的原因可能有多个方面，比如代码从程序员的电脑切换到测试服务器，或者从一台物理服务器切换到云上，又或者代码依赖的运行库版本发生变化，比如开发时用的python2.7， 但生产机上用的python3.6

也可能是代码运行的操作系统发生了变化，比如开发机用的ubuntu，生产机用的redhat。

作为一个应用程序开发人员，只想聚焦于码代码本身，底层的这些环境问题不想花大的精力去解决。 这时候如果使用容器就能很好的解决这个问题。

一个容器包含了完整的运行环境，可执行的独立软件包，包含软件运行所需的所有内容：代码、运行时环境、系统工具，系统库和设置。容器化软件适用于基于Linux和Windows的应用，在任何环境中都能够始终如一地运行。

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简单的来理解一下就是程序员是一个老司机，原来是开的火车，火车是由火车头牵引的，而且必须跑在自己的轨道上，老司机开车技术再好也不能在公路上开火车，容器相当于把火车车厢拆下来各自装上引擎改装成了多辆汽车，每辆汽车都可以独立行驶，当然在有需要的情况下这些汽车也能组成车队一起完成运输任务。

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采用基于云原生理念的技术和方法：以容器为基石，通过微服务化的改造，融合 DevOps 理念，有助于更好地实现业务“迁于云”或“生于云”，能够帮助企业快速构建更加适合云的敏捷应用服务。