【Linux】screen 常用命令

作者：LogM

本文原载于 https://segmentfault.com/u/logm/articles ，不允许转载~

1、常用命令

screen -ls              # 查看所有screen
screen -S <screen-name> # 创建screen，并命名
ctr + A, D              # 快捷键，退出当前screen
screen -r <screen-name> # 进入screen
screen -X quit          # 删除screen，但没有指定会话
screen -X -S [session you want to kill] quit #删除screen，指定会话
screen -wipe            # 清除dead screens

2、快捷键

# 默认的 command key 是 ctrl+a
escape ``    #指定command key 为 `，并指定在按下 ` 后再按 `，相当于之前 C-a a 的效果
C-a ?        #列出当前可用快捷键及其对应的命令
C-a :        #进入命令输入模式，之后可输入并执行screen中的命令，比如quit强制关闭当前screen，比如split分屏
C-a d        #使当前session处于Detached状态
C-a :quit    #关闭当前会话
C-a c        #新建窗口
C-a K        #强制关闭当前窗口
C-a \"       #显示当前会话的窗口列表，用j、k上下移动光标选择窗口，或直接用0-9选择窗口
C-a \'       #输入窗口序号或title，选择指定窗口
C-a 0-9      #选择指定窗口
C-a n        #选择下一个窗口
C-a [space]  #选择下一个窗口
C-a p        #选择上一个窗口
C-a C-a      #移动到上一次选择的窗口
C-a A        #修改当前窗口的title
C-a [        #进入复制模式。
C-a ]        #将buffer中的内容粘贴出来，退出复制模式。vim 中最好是在insert模式下。

3、配置

# screen的配置：
cp /etc/screenrc ~/.screenrc
# 再在 ~/.screenrc 中追加配置：
caption always "%3n %t%? @%u%?%? [%h]%?%=%c"    # 底部倒数第二行信息条，显示当前窗口信息
hardstatus alwaysignore
hardstatus alwayslastline '%{bW}%-w%{.wB}%n %t%{-}%+w %=%{.w}'  # # 底部倒数第一行信息条，显示当前会话的所有窗口

4、其它

# 有些服务器上会遇到如下报错 screen Cannot open your terminal '/dev/xxx/x'
# 解决方案，命令行运行：
script /dev/null

示例配置：

#
# This is an example for the global screenrc file.
# You may want to install this file as /usr/local/etc/screenrc.
# Check config.h for the exact location.
#
# Flaws of termcap and standard settings are done here.
#

#startup_message off

#defflow on # will force screen to process ^S/^Q

deflogin on
#autodetach off

vbell on
vbell_msg "   Wuff  ----  Wuff!!  "

# all termcap entries are now duplicated as terminfo entries.
# only difference should be the slightly modified syntax, and check for
# terminfo entries, that are already corected in the database.
#
# G0    we have a SEMI-GRAPHICS-CHARACTER-MODE
# WS    this sequence resizes our window.
# cs    this sequence changes the scrollregion
# hs@   we have no hardware statusline. screen will only believe that
#       there is a hardware status line if hs,ts,fs,ds are all set.
# ts    to statusline
# fs    from statusline
# ds    delete statusline
# al    add one line
# AL    add multiple lines
# dl    delete one line
# DL    delete multiple lines
# ic    insert one char (space)
# IC    insert multiple chars
# nx    terminal uses xon/xoff

termcap  facit|vt100|xterm LP:G0
terminfo facit|vt100|xterm LP:G0

#the vt100 description does not mention "dl". *sigh*
termcap  vt100 dl=5\E[M
terminfo vt100 dl=5\E[M

#facit's "al" / "dl"  are buggy if the current / last line
#contain attributes...
termcap  facit al=\E[L\E[K:AL@:dl@:DL@:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ic@
terminfo facit al=\E[L\E[K:AL@:dl@:DL@:cs=\E[%i%p1%d;%p2%dr:ic@

#make sun termcap/info better
termcap  sun 'up=^K:AL=\E[%dL:DL=\E[%dM:UP=\E[%dA:DO=\E[%dB:LE=\E[%dD:RI=\E[%dC:IC=\E[%d@:WS=1000\E[8;%d;%dt'
terminfo sun 'up=^K:AL=\E[%p1%dL:DL=\E[%p1%dM:UP=\E[%p1%dA:DO=\E[%p1%dB:LE=\E[%p1%dD:RI=\E[%p1%dC:IC=\E[%p1%d@:WS=\E[8;%p1%d;%p2%dt$<1000>'

#xterm understands both im/ic and doesn't have a status line.
#Note: Do not specify im and ic in the real termcap/info file as
#some programs (e.g. vi) will (no,no, may (jw)) not work anymore.
#termcap  xterm|fptwist hs@:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:im=\E[4h:ei=\E[4l
#terminfo xterm|fptwist hs@:cs=\E[%i%p1%d;%p2%dr:im=\E[4h:ei=\E[4l

# Long time I had this in my private screenrc file. But many people
# seem to want it (jw):
# we do not want the width to change to 80 characters on startup:
# on suns, /etc/termcap has :is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l:
#termcap xterm 'is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;4;6l'
#terminfo xterm 'is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;4;6l'

#
# Do not use xterms alternate window buffer.
# This one would not add lines to the scrollback buffer.
#termcap xterm|xterms|xs ti=\E7\E[?47l
#terminfo xterm|xterms|xs ti=\E7\E[?47l

#make hp700 termcap/info better
termcap  hp700 'Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l:hs:ts=\E[62"p\E[0$~\E[2$~\E[1$}:fs=\E[0}\E[61"p:ds=\E[62"p\E[1$~\E[61"p:ic@'
terminfo hp700 'Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l:hs:ts=\E[62"p\E[0$~\E[2$~\E[1$}:fs=\E[0}\E[61"p:ds=\E[62"p\E[1$~\E[61"p:ic@'

#wyse-75-42 must have defflow control (xo = "terminal uses xon/xoff")
#(nowadays: nx = padding doesn't work, have to use xon/off)
#essential to have it here, as this is a slow terminal.
termcap wy75-42 nx:xo:Z0=\E[?3h\E[31h:Z1=\E[?3l\E[31h
terminfo wy75-42 nx:xo:Z0=\E[?3h\E[31h:Z1=\E[?3l\E[31h

#remove some stupid / dangerous key bindings
bind ^k
#bind L
bind ^\
#make them better
bind \\ quit
bind K kill
bind I login on
bind O login off
bind } history

# This is how one can set a reattach password:
# password ODSJQf.4IJN7E    # "1234"

# don't display the copyright page
startup_message off

# emulate .logout message
pow_detach_msg "Screen session of $LOGNAME $:cr:$:nl:ended."

# advertise hardstatus support to $TERMCAP
# termcapinfo  * '' 'hs:ts=\E_:fs=\E\\:ds=\E_\E\\'

# make the shell in every window a login shell
#shell -$SHELL

# autoaka testing
# shellaka '> |tcsh'
# shellaka '$ |sh'

# set every new windows hardstatus line to somenthing descriptive
# defhstatus "screen: ^En (^Et)"

defscrollback 1000

# don't kill window after the process died
# zombie "^["

# enable support for the "alternate screen" capability in all windows
# altscreen on

################
#
# more xterm tweaks
#

#80/132 column switching must be enabled for ^AW to work
#change init sequence to not switch width
#termcapinfo  xterm Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;4;6l

# Make the output buffer large for (fast) xterms.
#termcapinfo xterm* OL=10000
termcapinfo xterm* OL=100

# tell screen that xterm can switch to dark background and has function
# keys.
termcapinfo xterm 'VR=\E[?5h:VN=\E[?5l'
#termcapinfo xterm 'k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~'
#termcapinfo xterm 'kh=\EOH:kI=\E[2~:kD=\E[3~:kH=\EOF:kP=\E[5~:kN=\E[6~'

# special xterm hardstatus: use the window title.
termcapinfo xterm 'hs:ts=\E]2;:fs=\007:ds=\E]2;screen\007'

#terminfo xterm 'vb=\E[?5h$<200/>\E[?5l'
#termcapinfo xterm 'vi=\E[?25l:ve=\E[34h\E[?25h:vs=\E[34l'

# emulate part of the 'K' charset
termcapinfo   xterm 'XC=K%,%\E(B,[\304,\\\\\326,]\334,{\344,|\366,}\374,~\337'

# xterm-52 tweaks:
# - uses background color for delete operations
termcapinfo xterm* be

################
#
# wyse terminals
#

#wyse-75-42 must have flow control (xo = "terminal uses xon/xoff")
#essential to have it here, as this is a slow terminal.
termcapinfo wy75-42 xo:hs@

# New termcap sequences for cursor application mode.
termcapinfo wy* CS=\E[?1h:CE=\E[?1l:vi=\E[?25l:ve=\E[?25h:VR=\E[?5h:VN=\E[?5l:cb=\E[1K:CD=\E[1J

################
#
# other terminals
#

# make hp700 termcap/info better
termcapinfo  hp700 'Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l:hs:ts=\E[62"p\E[0$~\E[2$~\E[1$}:fs=\E[0}\E[61"p:ds=\E[62"p\E[1$~\E[61"p:ic@'

# Extend the vt100 desciption by some sequences.
termcap  vt100* ms:AL=\E[%dL:DL=\E[%dM:UP=\E[%dA:DO=\E[%dB:LE=\E[%dD:RI=\E[%dC
terminfo vt100* ms:AL=\E[%p1%dL:DL=\E[%p1%dM:UP=\E[%p1%dA:DO=\E[%p1%dB:LE=\E[%p1%dD:RI=\E[%p1%dC
termcapinfo linux C8
# old rxvt versions also need this
# termcapinfo rxvt C8

# Yet another hack:
# Prepend/append register [/] to the paste if ^a^] is pressed.
# This lets me have autoindent mode in vi.
#register [ "\033:se noai\015a"
#register ] "\033:se ai\015a"
#bind ^] paste [.]

################
#
# default windows
#

# screen -t local 0
# screen -t mail 1 mutt
# screen -t 40 2 rlogin server

# caption always "%3n %t%? @%u%?%? [%h]%?%=%c"
## alternative caption, gives window list, LOGNAME and current date:
# caption always "%{wk}%?%-Lw%?%{bw}%n*%f %t%?(%u)%?%{wk}%?%+Lw %=%{mk}@%H %{yk}%D %{ck}%M%{wk} %{ck}%d %{gk}%c"
# hardstatus alwaysignore
# hardstatus alwayslastline "%Lw"

# Red Hat's normal status line
hardstatus string "[screen %n%?: %t%?] %h"

# bind = resize =
# bind + resize +1
# bind - resize -1
# bind _ resize max
#
# defnonblock 1
# blankerprg rain -d 100
# idle 30 blanker

caption always "%3n %t%? @%u%?%? [%h]%?%=%c"
hardstatus alwaysignore
hardstatus alwayslastline '%{bW}%-w%{.wB}%n %t%{-}%+w %=%{.w}'