Kafka Java Client基本使用及整合SpringBoot

本文所有代码均在Github上：

https://github.com/kevinwang0...

https://github.com/kevinwang0...

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kafka-clients

添加依赖

 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.kafka/kafka-clients -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
  <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
  <version>2.5.0</version>
</dependency>

消费者 Consumer

代码上总体可以分为三部分：

1. 消费者的配置

   1. 消费者的配置在 org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig 类中都有列举包括每个配置项的文档说明
2. 创建消费者实例并订阅topic
3. 消费消息

代码如下：

// 1. 配置
Properties properties = new Properties();
//bootstrap.servers kafka集群地址 host1:port1,host2:port2 ....
properties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "127.0.0.1:9092");
// key.deserializer 消息key序列化方式
properties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
// value.deserializer 消息体序列化方式
properties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
// group.id 消费组id
properties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "demo-group");
// enable.auto.commit 设置自动提交offset
properties.put(ConsumerConfig.ENABLE_AUTO_COMMIT_CONFIG, true);
// auto.offset.reset
properties.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");

// 2. 创建消费者实例并订阅topic
KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(properties);
String[] topics = new String[]{"demo-topic"};
consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(topics));

// 3. 消费消息
while (true) {
  ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(100));
  for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
    System.out.println(record);
  }
}

生产者 Producer

生产者这块的代码基本上和消费者的结构一样，不同的是，producer 的发消息的部分：

1. 生产者的配置

   1. 在 org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig 类中也都有列举
2. 创建生产者实例

3. 发送消息到 topic

   1. 异步发送消息 producer.send(new ProducerRecord<>("demo-topic", data))
   2. 同步发送消息 ，使用 Future.get() 阻塞接收
   3. 异步发送消息，回调的方式

整体代码如下

// 1. 配置
Properties properties = new Properties();
// bootstrap.servers kafka集群地址 host1:port1,host2:port2 ....
properties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "127.0.0.1:9092");
// key.deserializer 消息key序列化方式
properties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
// value.deserializer 消息体序列化方式
properties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());


// 2. 创建生产者实例
KafkaProducer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<>(properties);

// 3. 发送消息

// 0 异步发送消息
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  String data = "async :" + i;
  // 发送消息
  producer.send(new ProducerRecord<>("demo-topic", data));
}

// 1 同步发送消息 调用get()阻塞返回结果
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  String data = "sync : " + i;
  try {
    // 发送消息
    Future<RecordMetadata> send = producer.send(new ProducerRecord<>("demo-topic", data));
    RecordMetadata recordMetadata = send.get();
    System.out.println(recordMetadata);
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
}


// 2 异步发送消息 回调callback()
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  String data = "callback : " + i;
  // 发送消息
  producer.send(new ProducerRecord<>("demo-topic", data), new Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onCompletion(RecordMetadata metadata, Exception exception) {
      // 发送消息的回调
      if (exception != null) {
        exception.printStackTrace();
      } else {
        System.out.println(metadata);
      }
    }
  });
}

producer.close();

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整合SpringBoot

添加依赖

<parent>
  <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-parent -->
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
  <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

....
....


<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--kafka starter-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!--方便测试用-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-kafka-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

代码

# application.yml
spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: 127.0.0.1:9092
    producer:
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
    consumer:
      key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      group-id: test-group

// 启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

// 消费者
@Component
public class Consumer {

    @KafkaListener(topics = { "test-topic" })
    public void receiveMessage(String message) {
        System.out.println(message);
    }
}

// 生产者
@Component
public class Producer {

    @Resource
    KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(String topic, String message) {
        kafkaTemplate.send(topic, message);
    }
}

// 测试
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class DemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private Producer producer;

    @Test
    public void send() {
        producer.sendMessage("test-topic", "test-message");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

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总结

整合SpringBoot之后的代码还是非常简洁的,不过还是要熟悉原生API，这样才能在实际项目中遇到问题时游刃有余。