SpringBoot自动配置原理

自动配置原理

1. SpringBoot启动的时候，开启了自动配置功能@EnableAutoConfiguration​，会加载大量的自动配置类
2. @EnableAutoConfiguration 详情：

   2.1 利用 @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 给容器中导入一些组件,如下方法用于获取 候选的配置

List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
    List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
                                                                         getBeanClassLoader());
    return configurations;
}

protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
    return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
}

​ 2.2 SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()扫描所有jar包类路径下： META-INF/spring.factories，把扫描到的文件内容包装成properties对象，从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类名对应的值，然后把他们添加到容器，具体源代码如下：

private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
    MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);
    if (result != null) {
        return result;
    }

    try {
        Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
                                 classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
                                 ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
        result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
            URL url = urls.nextElement();
            UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
            Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
            for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
                String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
                for (String factoryImplementationName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) {
                    result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim());
                }
            }
        }
        cache.put(classLoader, result);
        return result;
    }
    catch (IOException ex) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
                                           FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
    }
}

​

​ 2.3 将 类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中(截取部分)，每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，用他们来做自动配置；

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

1. 以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration（Http编码自动配置）为例解释自动配置原理

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)

// 启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能，将yml配置文件中对应的值和ServerProperties绑定起来
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)

// 判断当前web应用是否基于Servlet，如果是,则生效
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET)

// 判断项目中是否有CharacterEncodingFilter类
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)

// 判断配置文件中是否存在配置server.servlet.encoding，不存在默认生效
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "server.servlet.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {

    private final Encoding properties;

    public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(ServerProperties properties) {
        this.properties = properties.getServlet().getEncoding();
    }

    @Bean // 给容器中添加组件，这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
        filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Encoding.Type.REQUEST));
        filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Encoding.Type.RESPONSE));
        return filter;
    }

1. 所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装着；配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)
public class ServerProperties {
    .......
}

细节

1. @Conditional 派生注解，必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立，才给容器中添加组件，配置类里面的所有内容才生效；

@Conditional 扩展注解	作用（判断是否满足当前指定条件）
@ConditionalOnJava	系统的java版本是否符合要求
@ConditionalOnBean	容器中存在指定Bean；
@ConditionalOnMissingBean	容器中不存在指定Bean；
@ConditionalOnExpression	满足SpEL表达式指定
@ConditionalOnClass	系统中有指定的类
@ConditionalOnMissingClass	系统中没有指定的类
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate	容器中只有一个指定的Bean，或者这个Bean是首选Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty	系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值
@ConditionalOnResource	类路径下是否存在指定资源文件
@ConditionalOnWebApplication	当前是web环境
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication	当前不是web环境
@ConditionalOnJndi	JNDI存在指定项

1. 自动配置类必须在一定的条件下才能生效

   可以通过启用 debug=true属性；来让控制台打印自动配置报告，这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置类生效；

============================
CONDITIONS EVALUATION REPORT
============================


Positive matches:(生效的自动配置类，截取部分)
-----------------

   AopAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.auto=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

   AopAutoConfiguration.ClassProxyingConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class 'org.aspectj.weaver.Advice' (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.proxy-target-class=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

   DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet' (OnClassCondition)
      - found 'session' scope (OnWebApplicationCondition)
      
          
          
          
Negative matches:（没有启动，没有匹配成功的自动配置类，截取部分）
-----------------

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)

   AopAutoConfiguration.AspectJAutoProxyingConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'org.aspectj.weaver.Advice' (OnClassCondition)