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前言

加密解密在实际开发中应用比较广泛,常用加解密分为:“对称式”、“非对称式”和”数字签名“。

对称式:对称加密(也叫私钥加密)指加密和解密使用相同密钥的加密算法。具体算法主要有DES算法3DES算法,TDEA算法,Blowfish算法,RC5算法,IDEA算法。

非对称加密(公钥加密):指加密和解密使用不同密钥的加密算法,也称为公私钥加密。具体算法主要有RSAElgamal、背包算法、Rabin、D-H、ECC(椭圆曲线加密算法)。

数字签名:数字签名是非对称密钥加密技术数字摘要技术的应用。主要算法有md5、hmac、sha1等。

以下介绍golang语言主要的加密解密算法实现。

md5

MD5信息摘要算法是一种被广泛使用的密码散列函数,可以产生出一个128位(16进制,32个字符)的散列值(hash value),用于确保信息传输完整一致。

func GetMd5String(s string) string {
    h := md5.New()
    h.Write([]byte(s))
    return hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
}

hmac

HMAC是密钥相关的哈希运算消息认证码(Hash-based Message Authentication Code)的缩写,

它通过一个标准算法,在计算哈希的过程中,把key混入计算过程中。

和我们自定义的加salt算法不同,Hmac算法针对所有哈希算法都通用,无论是MD5还是SHA-1。采用Hmac替代我们自己的salt算法,可以使程序算法更标准化,也更安全。

示例

//key随意设置 data 要加密数据
func Hmac(key, data string) string {
    hash:= hmac.New(md5.New, []byte(key)) // 创建对应的md5哈希加密算法
    hash.Write([]byte(data))
    return hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum([]byte("")))
}
func HmacSha256(key, data string) string {
    hash:= hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(key)) //创建对应的sha256哈希加密算法
    hash.Write([]byte(data))
    return hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum([]byte("")))
}

sha1

SHA-1可以生成一个被称为消息摘要的160(20字节)散列值,散列值通常的呈现形式为40个十六进制数。


func Sha1(data string) string {
    sha1 := sha1.New()
    sha1.Write([]byte(data))
    return hex.EncodeToString(sha1.Sum([]byte("")))
}

AES

密码学中的高级加密标准(Advanced Encryption Standard,AES),又称Rijndael加密法,是美国联邦政府采用的一种区块加密标准。这个标准用来替代原先的DES(Data Encryption Standard),已经被多方分析且广为全世界所使用。AES中常见的有三种解决方案,分别为AES-128、AES-192和AES-256。如果采用真正的128位加密技术甚至256位加密技术,蛮力攻击要取得成功需要耗费相当长的时间。

AES 有五种加密模式:

  • 电码本模式(Electronic Codebook Book (ECB))、
  • 密码分组链接模式(Cipher Block Chaining (CBC))、
  • 计算器模式(Counter (CTR))、
  • 密码反馈模式(Cipher FeedBack (CFB))
  • 输出反馈模式(Output FeedBack (OFB))

ECB模式

出于安全考虑,golang默认并不支持ECB模式。

package main

import (
    "crypto/aes"
    "fmt"
)

func AESEncrypt(src []byte, key []byte) (encrypted []byte) {
    cipher, _ := aes.NewCipher(generateKey(key))
    length := (len(src) + aes.BlockSize) / aes.BlockSize
    plain := make([]byte, length*aes.BlockSize)
    copy(plain, src)
    pad := byte(len(plain) - len(src))
    for i := len(src); i < len(plain); i++ {
        plain[i] = pad
    }
    encrypted = make([]byte, len(plain))
    // 分组分块加密
    for bs, be := 0, cipher.BlockSize(); bs <= len(src); bs, be = bs+cipher.BlockSize(), be+cipher.BlockSize() {
        cipher.Encrypt(encrypted[bs:be], plain[bs:be])
    }

    return encrypted
}

func AESDecrypt(encrypted []byte, key []byte) (decrypted []byte) {
    cipher, _ := aes.NewCipher(generateKey(key))
    decrypted = make([]byte, len(encrypted))
    //
    for bs, be := 0, cipher.BlockSize(); bs < len(encrypted); bs, be = bs+cipher.BlockSize(), be+cipher.BlockSize() {
        cipher.Decrypt(decrypted[bs:be], encrypted[bs:be])
    }

    trim := 0
    if len(decrypted) > 0 {
        trim = len(decrypted) - int(decrypted[len(decrypted)-1])
    }

    return decrypted[:trim]
}

func generateKey(key []byte) (genKey []byte) {
    genKey = make([]byte, 16)
    copy(genKey, key)
    for i := 16; i < len(key); {
        for j := 0; j < 16 && i < len(key); j, i = j+1, i+1 {
            genKey[j] ^= key[i]
        }
    }
    return genKey
}
func main()  {

    source:="hello world"
    fmt.Println("原字符:",source)
    //16byte密钥
    key:="1443flfsaWfdas"
    encryptCode:=AESEncrypt([]byte(source),[]byte(key))
    fmt.Println("密文:",string(encryptCode))

    decryptCode:=AESDecrypt(encryptCode,[]byte(key))

    fmt.Println("解密:",string(decryptCode))


}

CBC模式


package main
import(
    "bytes"
    "crypto/aes"
    "fmt"
    "crypto/cipher"
    "encoding/base64"
)
func main() {
    orig := "hello world"
    key := "0123456789012345"
    fmt.Println("原文:", orig)
    encryptCode := AesEncrypt(orig, key)
    fmt.Println("密文:" , encryptCode)
    decryptCode := AesDecrypt(encryptCode, key)
    fmt.Println("解密结果:", decryptCode)
}
func AesEncrypt(orig string, key string) string {
    // 转成字节数组
    origData := []byte(orig)
    k := []byte(key)
    // 分组秘钥
    // NewCipher该函数限制了输入k的长度必须为16, 24或者32
    block, _ := aes.NewCipher(k)
    // 获取秘钥块的长度
    blockSize := block.BlockSize()
    // 补全码
    origData = PKCS7Padding(origData, blockSize)
    // 加密模式
    blockMode := cipher.NewCBCEncrypter(block, k[:blockSize])
    // 创建数组
    cryted := make([]byte, len(origData))
    // 加密
    blockMode.CryptBlocks(cryted, origData)
    return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cryted)
}
func AesDecrypt(cryted string, key string) string {
    // 转成字节数组
    crytedByte, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(cryted)
    k := []byte(key)
    // 分组秘钥
    block, _ := aes.NewCipher(k)
    // 获取秘钥块的长度
    blockSize := block.BlockSize()
    // 加密模式
    blockMode := cipher.NewCBCDecrypter(block, k[:blockSize])
    // 创建数组
    orig := make([]byte, len(crytedByte))
    // 解密
    blockMode.CryptBlocks(orig, crytedByte)
    // 去补全码
    orig = PKCS7UnPadding(orig)
    return string(orig)
}
//补码
//AES加密数据块分组长度必须为128bit(byte[16]),密钥长度可以是128bit(byte[16])、192bit(byte[24])、256bit(byte[32])中的任意一个。
func PKCS7Padding(ciphertext []byte, blocksize int) []byte {
    padding := blocksize - len(ciphertext)%blocksize
    padtext := bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(padding)}, padding)
    return append(ciphertext, padtext...)
}
//去码
func PKCS7UnPadding(origData []byte) []byte {
    length := len(origData)
    unpadding := int(origData[length-1])
    return origData[:(length - unpadding)]
}

CRT模式

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "crypto/aes"
    "crypto/cipher"
    "fmt"
)
//加密
func aesCtrCrypt(plainText []byte, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {

    //1. 创建cipher.Block接口
    block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    //2. 创建分组模式,在crypto/cipher包中
    iv := bytes.Repeat([]byte("1"), block.BlockSize())
    stream := cipher.NewCTR(block, iv)
    //3. 加密
    dst := make([]byte, len(plainText))
    stream.XORKeyStream(dst, plainText)

    return dst, nil
}


func main() {
    source:="hello world"
    fmt.Println("原字符:",source)

    key:="1443flfsaWfdasds"
    encryptCode,_:=aesCtrCrypt([]byte(source),[]byte(key))
    fmt.Println("密文:",string(encryptCode))

    decryptCode,_:=aesCtrCrypt(encryptCode,[]byte(key))

    fmt.Println("解密:",string(decryptCode))
}

CFB模式

package main

import (
    "crypto/aes"
    "crypto/cipher"
    "crypto/rand"
    "encoding/hex"
    "fmt"
    "io"
)
func AesEncryptCFB(origData []byte, key []byte) (encrypted []byte) {
    block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
    if err != nil {
        //panic(err)
    }
    encrypted = make([]byte, aes.BlockSize+len(origData))
    iv := encrypted[:aes.BlockSize]
    if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil {
        //panic(err)
    }
    stream := cipher.NewCFBEncrypter(block, iv)
    stream.XORKeyStream(encrypted[aes.BlockSize:], origData)
    return encrypted
}
func AesDecryptCFB(encrypted []byte, key []byte) (decrypted []byte) {
    block, _ := aes.NewCipher(key)
    if len(encrypted) < aes.BlockSize {
        panic("ciphertext too short")
    }
    iv := encrypted[:aes.BlockSize]
    encrypted = encrypted[aes.BlockSize:]

    stream := cipher.NewCFBDecrypter(block, iv)
    stream.XORKeyStream(encrypted, encrypted)
    return encrypted
}
func main() {
    source:="hello world"
    fmt.Println("原字符:",source)
    key:="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO1"//16位
    encryptCode:=AesEncryptCFB([]byte(source),[]byte(key))
    fmt.Println("密文:",hex.EncodeToString(encryptCode))
    decryptCode:=AesDecryptCFB(encryptCode,[]byte(key))

    fmt.Println("解密:",string(decryptCode))
}

OFB模式

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "crypto/aes"
    "crypto/cipher"
    "crypto/rand"
    "encoding/hex"
    "fmt"
    "io"
)
func aesEncryptOFB( data[]byte,key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
    data = PKCS7Padding(data, aes.BlockSize)
    block, _ := aes.NewCipher([]byte(key))
    out := make([]byte, aes.BlockSize + len(data))
    iv := out[:aes.BlockSize]
    if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    stream := cipher.NewOFB(block, iv)
    stream.XORKeyStream(out[aes.BlockSize:], data)
    return out, nil
}

func aesDecryptOFB( data[]byte,key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
    block, _ := aes.NewCipher([]byte(key))
    iv  := data[:aes.BlockSize]
    data = data[aes.BlockSize:]
    if len(data) % aes.BlockSize != 0 {
        return nil, fmt.Errorf("data is not a multiple of the block size")
    }

    out := make([]byte, len(data))
    mode := cipher.NewOFB(block, iv)
    mode.XORKeyStream(out, data)

    out= PKCS7UnPadding(out)
    return out, nil
}
//补码
//AES加密数据块分组长度必须为128bit(byte[16]),密钥长度可以是128bit(byte[16])、192bit(byte[24])、256bit(byte[32])中的任意一个。
func PKCS7Padding(ciphertext []byte, blocksize int) []byte {
    padding := blocksize - len(ciphertext)%blocksize
    padtext := bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(padding)}, padding)
    return append(ciphertext, padtext...)
}
//去码
func PKCS7UnPadding(origData []byte) []byte {
    length := len(origData)
    unpadding := int(origData[length-1])
    return origData[:(length - unpadding)]
}
func main() {
    source:="hello world"
    fmt.Println("原字符:",source)
    key:="1111111111111111"//16位  32位均可
    encryptCode,_:=aesEncryptOFB([]byte(source),[]byte(key))
    fmt.Println("密文:",hex.EncodeToString(encryptCode))
    decryptCode,_:=aesDecryptOFB(encryptCode,[]byte(key))

    fmt.Println("解密:",string(decryptCode))
}

RSA加密

首先使用openssl生成公私钥

package main

import (
    "crypto/rand"
    "crypto/rsa"
    "crypto/x509"
    "encoding/base64"
    "encoding/pem"
    "errors"
    "fmt"
)

// 私钥生成
//openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
var privateKey = []byte(`
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIICWwIBAAKBgQDcGsUIIAINHfRTdMmgGwLrjzfMNSrtgIf4EGsNaYwmC1GjF/bM
h0Mcm10oLhNrKNYCTTQVGGIxuc5heKd1gOzb7bdTnCDPPZ7oV7p1B9Pud+6zPaco
qDz2M24vHFWYY2FbIIJh8fHhKcfXNXOLovdVBE7Zy682X1+R1lRK8D+vmQIDAQAB
AoGAeWAZvz1HZExca5k/hpbeqV+0+VtobMgwMs96+U53BpO/VRzl8Cu3CpNyb7HY
64L9YQ+J5QgpPhqkgIO0dMu/0RIXsmhvr2gcxmKObcqT3JQ6S4rjHTln49I2sYTz
7JEH4TcplKjSjHyq5MhHfA+CV2/AB2BO6G8limu7SheXuvECQQDwOpZrZDeTOOBk
z1vercawd+J9ll/FZYttnrWYTI1sSF1sNfZ7dUXPyYPQFZ0LQ1bhZGmWBZ6a6wd9
R+PKlmJvAkEA6o32c/WEXxW2zeh18sOO4wqUiBYq3L3hFObhcsUAY8jfykQefW8q
yPuuL02jLIajFWd0itjvIrzWnVmoUuXydwJAXGLrvllIVkIlah+lATprkypH3Gyc
YFnxCTNkOzIVoXMjGp6WMFylgIfLPZdSUiaPnxby1FNM7987fh7Lp/m12QJAK9iL
2JNtwkSR3p305oOuAz0oFORn8MnB+KFMRaMT9pNHWk0vke0lB1sc7ZTKyvkEJW0o
eQgic9DvIYzwDUcU8wJAIkKROzuzLi9AvLnLUrSdI6998lmeYO9x7pwZPukz3era
zncjRK3pbVkv0KrKfczuJiRlZ7dUzVO0b6QJr8TRAA==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
`)

// 公钥: 根据私钥生成
//openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
var publicKey = []byte(`
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDcGsUIIAINHfRTdMmgGwLrjzfM
NSrtgIf4EGsNaYwmC1GjF/bMh0Mcm10oLhNrKNYCTTQVGGIxuc5heKd1gOzb7bdT
nCDPPZ7oV7p1B9Pud+6zPacoqDz2M24vHFWYY2FbIIJh8fHhKcfXNXOLovdVBE7Z
y682X1+R1lRK8D+vmQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
`)

// 加密
func RsaEncrypt(origData []byte) ([]byte, error) {
    //解密pem格式的公钥
    block, _ := pem.Decode(publicKey)
    if block == nil {
        return nil, errors.New("public key error")
    }
    // 解析公钥
    pubInterface, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    // 类型断言
    pub := pubInterface.(*rsa.PublicKey)
    //加密
    return rsa.EncryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, pub, origData)
}

// 解密
func RsaDecrypt(ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
    //解密
    block, _ := pem.Decode(privateKey)
    if block == nil {
        return nil, errors.New("private key error!")
    }
    //解析PKCS1格式的私钥
    priv, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    // 解密
    return rsa.DecryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, priv, ciphertext)
}
func main() {
    data, _ := RsaEncrypt([]byte("hello world"))
    fmt.Println(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(data))
    origData, _ := RsaDecrypt(data)
    fmt.Println(string(origData))
}

参考:

https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/w...

https://studygolang.com/artic...

https://segmentfault.com/a/11...

我的博客即将同步至腾讯云+社区,邀请大家一同入驻:https://cloud.tencent.com/dev...

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