前期准备

使用环境

  • JDK:1.8
  • Tomcat:9.0.3
  • Spring:5.2.8
  • Maven:3.6.3
  • 编译器:IntelliJ IDEA 2019

web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
 version="4.0">
     
     <servlet> 
        <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param> 
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:ApplicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param> 
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping> 
        <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
     </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

ApplicationContext.xml配置(Spring核心配置文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 开启spring注解驱动-->
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.cjh"/>
    <!-- 开启mvc注解驱动-->
     <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

请求

1. 请求的发送与接收

以下写的浏览器和服务器的方式是相对应的,比如第一种请求就对应着第一种接收

  • 1)浏览器发送请求的方式:

    • 第一种:请求资源名(找的是具体的处理类),请求的方法上写上@RequestMapping注解

      • 这种形式要求请求的处理类下只有一个方法
    • 第二种:请求资源名?method=具体执行方法(找的是具体的处理类中的方法)
    • 第三种:请求资源名(找的是具体的执行方法)-----常用
    • 注意:还有一种是通过ajax发送JSON格式的数据,这会放到第三篇文章中去讲
  • 2)服务器接收请求的方式:

    • 不论是对应浏览器的哪种发送方式,都需要使用@RequestMapping注解
    • 第一种:在类上写上@RequestMapping(请求资源名)注解
    • 第二种:在类上写上@RequestMapping(请求资源名)注解,在方法上也要写上@RequestMapping(params = {method=方法名})注解(method也可以换成其他名字)
    • 第三种:直接在方法上写上@RequestMapping(请求资源名)
  • 3)@RequestMapping注解中的其他方法

    • path/value:用来存储请求资源名
    • params:要求浏览器必须发送的参数,参数的形式是{"key=value",""},
    • method:要求浏览器请求的方法(GET/POST)
    • headers:要求浏览器必须携带的请求头({"Accept-Language",""})
    • 注意:后面三个一旦写明,就是要求浏览器必须携带的东西,如果没有携带,那么服务器是不处理的
  • 4)具体示例代码:

    • 第一种方式:

      • JSP
      <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
      <html>
      <head>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <title>cai jin hong</title>
       <style>
       </style>
      </head>
      <body>
       <a href="userController.do">测试第一种请求方式</a>
      </html>
      • java
      @Controller
      @RequestMapping("userController.do")
      public class UserController {
      
          @RequestMapping
          public void testOne(){
              System.out.println("test方法执行了");
          }
      }
      • 测试结果:浏览器显示404,服务器控制台打印出test方法执行了
    • 第二种方式:

      • JSP
      <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
      <html>
      <head>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <title>cai jin hong</title>
       <style>
       </style></head>
      <body>
       <a href="userController.do?method=testOne">测试userController下的testOne方法</a><br>
       <a href="userController.do?method=testTwo">测试userController下的testTwo方法</a>
      </body>
      </html>
      • java
      @Controller
      @RequestMapping("userController.do")
      public class UserController {
          @RequestMapping(params = {"method=testOne"})
          public void testOne(){
              System.out.println("testOne方法执行了");
          }
          @RequestMapping(params = {"method=testTwo"})
          public void testTwo(){
              System.out.println("testTwo方法执行了");
          }
      }
      • 测试结果:浏览器显示404,服务器控制台打印出输出的语句
    • 第三种方式:

      • JSP:
      <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
      <html>
      <head>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <title>cai jin hong</title>
       <style>
       </style></head>
      <body>
       <a href="testOne.do">testOne方法</a><br>
       <a href="testTwo.do">testTwo方法</a>
      </body>
      </html>
      • Java:
      @Controller
      public class UserController {
          @RequestMapping("testOne.do")
          public void testOne(){
               System.out.println("testOne方法执行了");
          }
          @RequestMapping("testTwo.do")
          public void testTwo(){
              System.out.println("testTwo方法执行了");
          }
      }
      • 测试结果:浏览器显示404,服务器端控制台正常打印
    • @RequestMapping的其他用法

      • JSP:
      <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
      <html>
      <head>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <title>cai jin hong</title>
       <style>
       </style></head>
      <body>
       <a href="testOne.do?user=123&password=123">测试参数携带的请求</a><br>
       <a href="testOne.do">测试不携带参数的请求</a>
      <%--    a标签的请求方式是GET请求--%>
       <a href="testGetMethod.do">测试服务器要求的请求方式</a>
       <a href="testPostMethod.do">测试服务器要求的请求方式</a>
       <a href="testHeader.do">测试服务器要求的携带的请求头</a>
      </body>
      </html>
      • Java:
      @Controller
      public class UserController {
          //请求必须携带user和password这两个参数key,而且必须有value值
          @RequestMapping(value = "testOne.do", params = {"user=123", "password=123"})
          public void testOne(){
              System.out.println("这是测试是否携带参数的请求方法");
           }
          @RequestMapping(value = "testGetMethod.do", method = {RequestMethod.GET})
          public void testGetMethod(){
              System.out.println("这是测试Get的请求方法");
          }
          @RequestMapping(value = "testPostMethod.do", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
          public void testPostMethod(){
              System.out.println("这是测试Post的请求方法");
          }
          @RequestMapping(value = "testHeader.do", headers = {"Accept-Language"})
          public void testHeader(){
              System.out.println("这是测试是否携带请求头");
          }
      }
      • 测试结果:
      • 测试参数携带的请求

        • 浏览器显示404,客户端正常打印
      • 测试不携带参数的请求

        • 浏览器显示400报错,不满足客户端要求的格式
      • 测试服务器要求的GET请求方式

        • 浏览器显示404,客户端正常打印
      • 测试服务器要求的POST请求方式

        • 浏览器显示405,请求的资源要求用Post方式,不支持GET请求
      • 测试服务器要求携带的请求头

        • 浏览器显示404,客户端正常打印

2. 请求参数的处理

  • 1)接收变量

    • 要求传入的变量与浏览器发送请求传递的参数key一致,即便key只有一个
    • 利用@RequestParam("key"),那么只需注解里面的key和浏览器传递的参数key一致即可
    • 代码如下:

      • JSP:
      <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
      <html>
      <head>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <title>cai jin hong</title>
       <style>
       </style></head>
      <body>
       <form action="testOne.do" method="post">
       <input type="text" name="account" value=""><br>
       <input type="text" name="password" value=""><br>
       <input type="text" name="balance" value=""><br>
       <input type="submit" value="submit">
       </form>
       <form action="testTwo.do" method="post">
       <input type="text" name="account" value=""><br>
       <input type="text" name="password" value=""><br>
       <input type="text" name="balance" value=""><br>
       <input type="submit" value="submit">
       </form>
        </body>
      </html>
      • Java:
      @Controller
      public class UserController {
          //方法中传入变量:参数名与请求传递参数的名字一致
          @RequestMapping("testOne.do")
          public void testOne(String account, String password, float balance){
              System.out.println("testOne:"+ "account = " + account + " password = " + password + " balance" + balance);
       }
          //方法中传入变量:参数名与请求传递参数的名字不一致
          @RequestMapping("testTwo.do")
          public void testTwo(@RequestParam("account") String xxx,    @RequestParam("password") String yyy, @RequestParam("balance") float zzz){
              System.out.println("testTwo:" + "account = " + xxx + " password = " + yyy + " balance" + zzz);
          }
      
      }
      • input标签里的内如自己输入,点击submit,在后端的控制台上就能看到打印出来的结果
  • 2)接收实体对象

    • 直接用对象接收,要求对象中的属性名与浏览器传递过来的参数key一致

      • 代码如下:
      • JSP:(代码太多了,这里只给出form表单)
      <form action="testThree.do" method="post">
       <input type="text" name="account" value=""><br>
       <input type="text" name="password" value=""><br>
       <input type="text" name="balance" value=""><br>
       <input type="submit" value="submit">
      </form>
      • Java:
      public class User {
          private String account;
       private String password;
       private Float balance;
       public User(String account, String password, Float balance) {
              System.out.println("User:带参的构造方法");
       this.account = account;
       this.password = password;
       this.balance = balance;
       }
          public User(){
              System.out.println("User:无参的构造方法");
       }
          public void init(){
              System.out.println("初始化了");
       }
          public void destroy(){
              System.out.println("被销毁了");
       }
          @Override
       public String toString() {
              return "User{" +
                      "account='" + account + ''' +
                      ", password='" + password + ''' +
                      ", balance=" + balance +
                      '}';
       }
          public String getAccount() {
              return account;
       }
          public void setAccount(String account) {
              System.out.println("set方法调用了");
       this.account = account;
       }
          public String getPassword() {
              return password;
       }
          public void setPassword(String password) {
              this.password = password;
       }
          public Float getBalance() {
              return balance;
       }
          public void setBalance(Float balance) {
              this.balance = balance;
       }
      }
      @Controller
      public class UserController {
      
          @RequestMapping("testThree.do")
          //方法中传入实体对象:要求对象中的属性名与浏览器传递过来的参数key一致
           public void testThree(User user){
                  System.out.println("testThree:"+ user);
           }
      }
    • 对象套对象的情况:Spring会根据传递过来的参数,将对象里对象属性自动包装(如果参数名和属性名都对应的话)

      • 代码如下:
      • JSP:
      <form action="testThree.do" method="post">
       account:<input type="text" name="account" value=""><br>
       password:<input type="text" name="password" value=""><br>
       balance:<input type="text" name="balance" value=""><br>
       address:<input type="text" name="address" value=""><br>
       <input type="submit" value="submit">
      </form>
      • Java:(User里面套着Address)
      public class Address {
          private String address;
           public Address(){}
              public Address(String address){
                  this.address = address;
           }
              @Override
           public String toString() {
                  return "Address{" +
                          "address='" + address + ''' +
                          '}';
           }
              public void setAddress(String address) {
                  this.address = address;
           }
              public String getAddress() {
                  return address;
           }
      }
      public class User {
          private String account;
           private String password;
           private Float balance;
           private Address address;
           public User(String account, String password, Float balance) {
                  System.out.println("User:带参的构造方法");
           this.account = account;
           this.password = password;
           this.balance = balance;
           }
              public User(){
                  System.out.println("User:无参的构造方法");
           }
              public void init(){
                  System.out.println("初始化了");
           }
              public void destroy(){
                  System.out.println("被销毁了");
           }
              @Override
           public String toString() {
                  return "User{" +
                          "account='" + account + ''' +
                          ", password='" + password + ''' +
                          ", balance=" + balance +
                          ", address=" + address +
                          '}';
           }
              public String getAccount() {
                  return account;
           }
              public void setAccount(String account) {
                  System.out.println("set方法调用了");
           this.account = account;
           }
              public String getPassword() {
                  return password;
           }
              public void setPassword(String password) {
                  this.password = password;
           }
              public Float getBalance() {
                  return balance;
           }
              public void setBalance(Float balance) {
                  this.balance = balance;
           }
              public void setAddress(Address address) {
                  this.address = address;
           }
              public Address getAddress() {
                  return address;
           }
          }
          @Controller
          public class UserController {
              //方法中传入实体对象:对象里面依赖了其他对象
           @RequestMapping("testFour.do")
              public void testFour(User user){
                  System.out.println("testFour:" + user);
           }
      }
      • 注意:输入中文会出现乱码的问题,因为这里没有处理中文字符集
    • 对象套list集合<对象>:

      • 代码如下:
      • JSP:(addressList[i]代表addressList集合中的一个对象,通过.获取对象的属性,addressList是user对象中的属性名)
      <form action="testFive.do" method="post">
       account:<input type="text" name="account" value=""><br>
       password:<input type="text" name="password" value=""><br>
       balance:<input type="text" name="balance" value=""><br>
       address1:<input type="text" name="addressList[0].address" value=""><br>
       address2:<input type="text" name="addressList[1].address" value=""><br>
       <input type="submit" value="submit">
      </form>
      • Java:(Address类代码不变)
      public class User {
          private String account;
           private String password;
           private Float balance;
           private List<Address> addressList;
           public User(String account, String password, Float balance) {
                  System.out.println("User:带参的构造方法");
           this.account = account;
           this.password = password;
           this.balance = balance;
           }
              public User(){
                  System.out.println("User:无参的构造方法");
           }
              public void init(){
                  System.out.println("初始化了");
           }
              public void destroy(){
                  System.out.println("被销毁了");
           }
              @Override
           public String toString() {
                  return "User{" +
                          "account='" + account + ''' +
                          ", password='" + password + ''' +
                          ", balance=" + balance +
                          ", addressList=" + addressList +
                          '}';
           }
              public String getAccount() {
                  return account;
           }
              public void setAccount(String account) {
                  System.out.println("set方法调用了");
           this.account = account;
           }
              public String getPassword() {
                  return password;
           }
              public void setPassword(String password) {
                  this.password = password;
           }
              public Float getBalance() {
                  return balance;
           }
              public void setBalance(Float balance) {
                  this.balance = balance;
           }
              public void setAddressList(List<Address> addressList) {
                  this.addressList = addressList;
           }
              public List<Address> getAddressList() {
                  return addressList;
           }
      }
      
      @Controller
      public class UserController {
      
          //方法中传入实体对象:对象里面有list集合
       @RequestMapping("testFive.do")
          public void testFive(User user){
              System.out.println("testFive:" + user);
       }
      
      }
  • 3)接收Map集合

    • 直接在方法参数前加上@RequestParam注解(这里就不写了)
  • 4)接收Request、Response对象

    • 代码如下:
    @RequestMapping("testFive.do")
    public void testFive(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
        System.out.println(request.getParameter("account"));
     System.out.println(response);
    }
  • 5)接收协议头信息

    • 使用@RequestHeader注解,接收请求的协议头信息
    • 代码如下:(接收请求头中的Accept-Language)
    • JSP:
    <form action="textSix.do" method="post">
     account:<input type="text" name="account" value=""><br>
     password:<input type="text" name="password" value=""><br>
     balance:<input type="text" name="balance" value=""><br>
     address1:<input type="text" name="addressList[0].address" value=""><br>
     address2:<input type="text" name="addressList[1].address" value=""><br>
     <input type="submit" value="submit">
    </form>
    • Java:
    @Controller
    public class UserController {
    
        @RequestMapping("testSix.do")
        public void testSix(User user, @RequestHeader("Accept-Language") String header){
             System.out.println(user);
             System.out.println(header);
         }
    }
  • 6)接收cookie信息

    • 使用@CookieValue注解,接收浏览器中Cookie信息
    • 代码如下:(接收Cookie中的SessionID)
    • JSP:(和上面的一样)
    • Java:
@Controller
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("testSix.do")
    public void testSix(User user, @CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookieValue){
         System.out.println(user);
         System.out.println(cookieValue);
    }
}

本篇文章到这就结束了,因为篇幅比较长,把响应的处理放在下一篇文章中!!!


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