安装vagrant
安装virtualbox
安装vagrant插件
vagrant-vbguest插件
vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguestvagrant-disksize插件
vagrant plugin install vagrant-disksizevagrant-share插件
vagrant plugin install vagrant-share
- 查看vagrant插件
vagrant plugin listvagrant-disksize (0.1.3, global)
vagrant-share (1.1.11, global)
vagrant-vbguest (0.25.0, global)
vagrant常用命令
#列出本地的box文件
vagrant box list
#在空文件夹初始化虚拟机
vagrant init NAME [URL]
#在初始化完的文件夹内启动虚拟机
vagrant up
#重启虚拟机
vagrant reload
#以默认账号vagrant连接虚拟机
vagrant ssh
#关闭虚拟机
vagrant halt
#挂起启动的虚拟机
vagrant suspend
#查找虚拟机的运行状态
vagrant status
#销毁当前虚拟机
vagrant destory
常用的镜像
Vagrant boxes search
Ubuntu 18.04
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-cloud-images/bionic/current/bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.boxCentOS 7
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos-cloud/centos/7/vagrant/x86_64/images/CentOS-7.box使用举例
#启动一个 Ubuntu 18.04 的虚拟机
vagrant init ubuntu-bionic https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-cloud-images/bionic/current/bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box
#启动一个 CentOS 7 的虚拟机
vagrant init centos7 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos-cloud/centos/7/vagrant/x86_64/images/CentOS-7.boxVagrantfile常用配置说明
- 网络配置
Private network(私有网络)
优点：可以使用一个固定IP连接虚拟机
缺点：其他团队成员不能访问你的虚拟机
# 固定IP
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.50.4"
#设置动态IP
#config.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp"- 端口转发
- 虚拟机参数配置
- 共享目录
Vagrantfile示例
- demo 1
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
# vagrant起始配置块
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
#定义box名称
config.vm.box = "ubuntu18"
#定义虚拟机名字
config.vm.hostname = "rtm"
#设置磁盘容量，需要安装vagrant-disksize插件
config.disksize.size = "80GB"
#---------------------SSH相关配置--------------------------------------------------------
# config.ssh.username = "vagrant" #设置默认ssh用户（默认用户是vagrant）
# config.ssh.password = "vagrant" #设置默认ssh密码（默认密码是vagrant）
# config.ssh.port = 22 #设置ssh端口
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# ---------------------基于virtualbox的一些配置--------------------------------------------
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "8192"
# 在virtualbox中显示的名字
vb.name = "rtm"
# 指定虚拟机内核数
vb.cpus = 2
end
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end- 循环创建3个node
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
(1..3).each do |i|
config.vm.define "node-#{i}" do |node|
# 使用的box
node.vm.box = "ubuntu/1804"
# 对应的boxw文件路径
node.vm.box_url = "file:///xxx.box"
# 创建的虚拟机的hostname
node.vm.hostname = "node#{i}"
# 设置虚拟机的IP
node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.#{i}"
node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.name = "ubuntu#{i}"
v.cpus = 2
v.memory = 2048
# Vagrant exposes a way to call any command against VBoxManage just prior to booting the machine
# v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vram", 32]
v.gui = false
end
end
endvagrant打包
- 查看virtualbox中虚拟机的名字
找到virtualbox可执行文件虚拟机所在得目录， 然后执行命令vboxmanage list vms, 列出所有的虚拟机
- 打包
打包命令的各个参数说明
$ vagrant package --help
Usage: vagrant package [options] [name|id]
Options:
--base NAME Name of a VM in VirtualBox to package as a base box (VirtualBox Only)
--output NAME Name of the file to output
--include FILE,FILE.. Comma separated additional files to package with the box
--vagrantfile FILE Vagrantfile to package with the box
--[no-]color Enable or disable color output
--machine-readable Enable machine readable output
-v, --version Display Vagrant version
--debug Enable debug output
--timestamp Enable timestamps on log output
--debug-timestamp Enable debug output with timestamps
--no-tty Enable non-interactive output
-h, --help Print this help
执行打包命令
vagrant package --base rtm --vagrantfile Vagrantfile --output rtm.v1.box- 打包成功
使用自己打包的vagrant box
- 将box安装到vagrant容器
vagrant box add -name [虚拟机名称] [box放置的位置]
vagrant box add -name rtm ./rtm.v1.box- 本地新建一个文件夹rtm-v1,然后进行该目录
mkdir rtm-v1 && cd rtm-v1初始化上面添加的box
vagrant init rtm- 在本地Vagrantfile中修改配置
vi Vagrantfile
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "rtm"
config.vm.hostname = "rtm-v1"
# using a specific IP.
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.88"
config.ssh.username = "vagrant"
config.ssh.password = "vagrant"
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
# Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
vb.memory = "8192"
vb.name = "rtm-v1"
vb.cpus = 2
end
end
- 启动即可
vagrant upvagrant 用户安装 ssh 公钥
vagrant 通过 ssh 与虚拟机交互，我们需要从 github 下载公钥安装到 vagrant 用户
mkdir -p /home/vagrant/.ssh
chmod 0700 /home/vagrant/.ssh
wget --no-check-certificate
https://raw.github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/master/keys/vagrant.pub
-O /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 0600 /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
chown -R vagrant /home/vagrant/.ssh设置 vagrant 用户无密码运行 sudo
需 vagrant 用户需自由运行 sudo 命令而不用输入密码
sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/vagrant添加下面内容到文件
vagrant ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL这样在使用 sudo 时就不必在输入密码了 可以通过下面命令确认配置是否生效
sudo pwd2.3 创建 Vagrant Box
- 查询虚拟机名称，
VBoxManage list vms - 指定虚拟机名称来创建 Box，
vagrant package --base ubuntu-18.04 --output ubuntu.box - 添加创建的Box到
Vagrant环境中，vagrant box add ubuntu-18.04 ubuntu.box - 初始化运行环境并设置
Vagrantfile，vagrant init ubuntu-18.04 - 使用
Vagrant运行虚拟机，vagrant up
征服诱人的Vagrant！
Vagrant使用国内镜像安装插件和box镜像
Vagrant - 常用命令总结
https://www.jianshu.com/p/9ff...
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