SpringCloud梳理-ribbon

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BolunWu
    阅读 12 分钟

    1.ribbon服务消费者

    image

    ribbon提供了负载均衡和重试的功能

    1.1负载均衡

    1.从eureka获得地址表
    2.使用多个地址来回调用
    3.拿到一个地址,使用RestTemplate执行远程调用

    添加负载均衡

    1.添加ribbon依赖(eureka client中已经包含,不要重复添加)
    2.添加@LoadBalance注解,对RestTemplate进行增强
    3.用RestTemplate调用的地址,改成service-id(注册中心注册的服务名) rt.getForObject("http://item-service/{1}", ......)

    1.2ribbon重试

    一种容错方式,调用远程服务失败(异常,超时)时,可以自动进行重试调用.

    添加重试

    1.添加spring-retry依赖
    2.配置重试参数
    MaxAutoRtries-单台服务器的重试次数
    MaxAutoRtriesNextServer - 更换服务器的次数
    OkToRetryOnAllOperations - 是否对所有类型请求都进行重试，默认只对get重试
    ConnectTimeout - 和远程服务建立连接的等待超时时长
    ReadTimeout - 建立连接并发送请求后，等待响应的超时时长
    注意:两个超时时长不能再配置文件中设置,而是在java代码中设置.

    2.代码演示

    2.1新建ribbon项目

    image
    image

    2.2添加依赖

    eureka-client中已经包含ribbon依赖
    需要添加sp01-commons依赖
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-012-ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springcloud-012-ribbon</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Cloud</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.tedu</groupId>
            <artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

    2.3配置application.yml文件

    spring:
  application:
    name: ribbon
    
server:
  port: 3001
  
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka

    2.3代码设置

    创建RestTemplate实例
    RestTemplate是用来调用其他微服务的工具类,封装了远程调用代码,提供了一组用于远程调用的模板方法,例如:getForObject() postForObject()等

    2.3.1启动类设置

    package com.tedu.sp06;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {
    
    //创建 RestTemplate 实例，并存入 spring 容器
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
    }

}

    2.3.2 RibbonController

    package com.tedu.sp06.consoller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

@RestController
public class RibbonController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate rt;
    
    @GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
    public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
        //向指定微服务地址发送 get 请求，并获得该服务的返回结果 
        //{1} 占位符，用 orderId 填充
        return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8001/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
    }

    @PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
    public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
        //发送 post 请求
        return rt.postForObject("http://localhost:8001/decreaseNumber", items, JsonResult.class);
    }

    /
    
    @GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
    public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
        return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8101/{1}", JsonResult.class, userId);
    }

    @GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score") 
    public JsonResult addScore(
            @PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
        return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8101/{1}/score?score={2}", JsonResult.class, userId, score);
    }
    
    /
    
    @GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
    public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
        return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8201/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
    }

    @GetMapping("/order-service")
    public JsonResult addOrder() {
        return rt.getForObject("http://localhost:8201/", JsonResult.class);
    }
}

    2.4启动服务,并访问测试

    image

    2.4.1测试地址

    http://eureka1:2001
    http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
    http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
    http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
    http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
    http://localhost:3001/order-service/

    3.ribbon负载均衡引入

    修改sp06-ribbon项目
    1.添加ribbon起步依赖(可选)
    2.RestTemplate设置@LoadBanlance
    3.访问路径修改为服务id

    3.1添加ribbon起步依赖

    eureka依赖中已经包含了ribbon依赖,可以不添加.
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

    3.2RestTemplate添加@LoadBalance注解

    @LoadBalance负载均衡注解,会对RestTemplate实例进行封装,创建动态代理对象,并切入(AOP)负载均衡代码,把请求分散分发到集群中的服务器中.
    启动类修改
    package com.tedu.sp06;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {
    
    @LoadBalanced //负载均衡注解
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
    }

}

    3.3访问路径设置为服务id

    package com.tedu.sp06.consoller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

@RestController
public class RibbonController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate rt;
    
    @GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
    public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
        //这里服务器路径用 service-id 代替，ribbon 会向服务的多台集群服务器分发请求
        return rt.getForObject("http://item-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
    }

    @PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
    public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
        return rt.postForObject("http://item-service/decreaseNumber", items, JsonResult.class);
    }

    /
    
    @GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
    public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
        return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, userId);
    }

    @GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score") 
    public JsonResult addScore(
            @PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
        return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}/score?score={2}", JsonResult.class, userId, score);
    }
    
    /
    
    @GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
    public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
        return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
    }

    @GetMapping("/order-service")
    public JsonResult addOrder() {
        return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/", JsonResult.class);
    }
}

    3.4访问测试

    http://localhost:3001/item-service/34

    4.ribbon重试引入

    4.1添加依赖 pom.xml添加spring-retry依赖

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>

    4.2application.yml文件配置ribbon重试

    spring:
  application:
    name: ribbon
    
server:
  port: 3001
  
eureka:
  client:    
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
      
ribbon:
  MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
  MaxAutoRetries: 1
  OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true

    4.3主启动类### 设置 RestTemplate 的请求工厂的超时属性

    package com.tedu.sp06;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {

    @LoadBalanced
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory f = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
        f.setConnectTimeout(1000);
        f.setReadTimeout(1000);
        return new RestTemplate(f);
        
        //RestTemplate 中默认的 Factory 实例中，两个超时属性默认是 -1，
        //未启用超时，也不会触发重试
        //return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
    }

}

    4.4item-service 的 ItemController 添加延迟代码，以便测试 ribbon 的重试机制

    package com.tedu.sp02.item.controller;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import com.tedu.sp01.service.ItemService;
import com.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class ItemController {
    @Autowired
    private ItemService itemService;
    
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private int port;
    
    @GetMapping("/{orderId}")
    public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) throws Exception {
        log.info("server.port="+port+", orderId="+orderId);

        ///--设置随机延迟
        long t = new Random().nextInt(5000);
        if(Math.random()<0.6) { 
            log.info("item-service-"+port+" - 暂停 "+t);
            Thread.sleep(t);
        }
        ///~~
        
        List<Item> items = itemService.getItems(orderId);
        return JsonResult.ok(items).msg("port="+port);
    }
    
    @PostMapping("/decreaseNumber")
    public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
        itemService.decreaseNumbers(items);
        return JsonResult.ok();
    }
}

    访问测试重启机制

    http://localhost:3001/item-service/35

    ribbon的重试机制，在 feign 和 zuul 中进一步进行了封装，后续可以使用feign或zuul的重试机制

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